| Minot Judson Savage (1841–1918), American Unitarian minister and author |
| Richard Savage (1697?–1743), English poet |
| George Francis Savage-Armstrong (1845–1906), Irish poet |
| Anne-Jean-Marie-René Savary, Duc de Rovigo (1774–1833), French general and diplomatist |
| Paolo Savi (1798–1871), Italian geologist |
| Friedrich Karl von Savigny (1779–1861), German jurist |
| Sir George Savile (1726–1784), English politician |
| Sir Henry Savile (1549–1622), Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and Provost of Eton |
| Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia (1869–1931), Italian general |
| Luigi Amedeo di Savoia (1873–1933), Italian vice-admiral and explorer |
| Girolamo Savonarola (1452–1498), Italian monk and martyr |
| Sir William Scovell Savory (1826–1895), British surgeon |
| House of Savoy, dynasty which ruled over the territory of Savoy and Piedmont |
| William Sawtrey (d. 1401), English Lollard |
| Sir Robert Sawyer (1633–1692), English lawyer |
| Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), maker of musical instruments |
| John Godfrey Saxe (1816–1887), American poet |
| Maurice, Comte de Saxe (1696–1750), Marshal of France |
| Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844–1900), son of Queen Victoria |
| Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1150–c. 1206), Danish historian and poet |
| Jean Baptiste Say (1767–1832), French economist |
| Léon Say (1826–1896), French statesman and economist |
| Sayad, descendant of Ali, the son-in-law of Mahomet |
| Archibald Henry Sayce (1845–1933), British orientalist |
| William Fiennes, Viscount Saye and Sele (1582–1662), English statesman |
| James Sayers (1748–1823), English caricaturist |
| Thomas Sayers (1826–1865), English pugilist |
| Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonov (1861–1927), Russian statesman |
| Scaevola, name of a famous family of ancient Rome |
| Scaliger, Latinized name of the great della Scala family |
| Scanderbeg (1405?–1468), national hero of the Albanians |
| Edoardo Scarfoglio (1860–1917), Italian journalist |
| Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725), Italian musical composer |
| Sir James Scarlett (1769–1844), English judge |
| Sir James Yorke Scarlett (1799–1871), British general |
| Paul Scarron (1610–1660), French poet, dramatist, novelist and husband of Madame de Maintenon |
| Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (c. 163–88 B.C.), Roman statesman |
| Quintus Terentius Scaurus (Second Century), Latin grammarian |
| Maurice Scève (c. 1500–1564), French poet |
| Adolf Friedrich von Schack (1815–1894), German poet and historian of literature |
| Schadow, distinguished name in the annals of German art |
| Philip Schaff (1819–1893), American theologian and church historian |
| Albert Schäffle (1831–1903), German statesman and political economist |
| Godfried Schalcken (1643–1706), Dutch genre and portrait painter |
| Johann Adam von Schall (c. 1592–1666), Jesuit missionary in China |
| Sophus Schandorph (1836–1901), Danish poet and novelist |
| George Scharf (1820–1895), British art critic |
| Mary Scharlieb (1845–1920), British surgeon |
| Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (1755–1813), Prussian general |
| Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), Swedish chemist |
| Peter Scheemakers (1691–1781), Flemish sculptor |
| Reinhard Scheer (1863–1928), German admiral |
| Leopold Schefer (1784–1862), German poet and novelist |
| Joseph Viktor von Scheffel (1826–1886), German poet and novelist |
| Ary Scheffer (1795–1858), French painter of Dutch extraction |
| Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939), German Social-Democratic leader |
| Jean de Schélandre (c. 1585–1635), French poet |
| Maximilian Schele de Vere (1820–1898), American philologist |
| Auguste Scheler (1819–1890), Belgian philologist |
| Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854), German philosopher |
| Karoline Michaelis Schelling (1763–1809), one of the most intellectual German women of her age |
| Robert Cumming Schenck (1809–1890), American soldier |
| Daniel Schenkel (1813–1885), Swiss Protestant theologian |
| Edmond Henri Adolphe Schérer (1815–1889), French theologian, critic and politician |
| Wilhelm Scherer (1841–1886), German philologist and historian of literature |
| Johannes Scherr (1817–1886), German man of letters and novelist |
| John Christian Schetky (1778–1874), Scottish marine painter |
| Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733), Swiss savant |
| Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (1835–1910), Italian astronomer and senator of the kingdom of Italy |
| Luigi Schiavonetti (1765–1810), Italian engraver |
| Ferdinand Schichau (1814–1896), German engineer and shipbuilder |
| Anton Schiefner (1817–1879), Russian linguist |
| Jacob Henry Schiff (1847–1920), American banker and philanthropist |
| Ferdinand Baptista von Schill (1776–1809), Prussian soldier |
| Friedrich von Schiller (1759–1805), German poet, dramatist and philosopher |
| Johannes Schiltberger (1381–1440?), German traveller and writer |
| Hendrik Jan Schimmel (1823–1906), Dutch poet and novelist |
| Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841), German architect and painter |
| Friedrich Wilhelm Schirmer (1802–1866), German landscape artist |
| Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (1807–1863), German landscape painter |
| Schlagintweit, name of five German scientific explorers or students of foreign countries |
| August Wilhelm von Schlegel (1767–1845), German poet, translator and critic |
| Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829), German poet, critic and scholar |
| Johann Elias Schlegel (1719–1749), German critic and dramatic poet |
| August Schleicher (1821–1868), German philologist |
| Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804–1881), German botanist |
| Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834), theologian and philosopher |
| Winfield Scott Schley (1839–1911), American naval officer |
| Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890), German archæologist |
| Friedrich Christoph Schlosser (1776–1861), German historian |
| Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim (1764–1832), German palæontologist |
| August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809), German historian |
| Andreas Schlüter (c. 1660–1714), German sculptor and architect |
| Anton von Schmerling (1805–1893), Austrian statesman |
| Julian Schmidt (1818–1886), German journalist and historian of literature |
| Karl von Schmidt (1817–1875), Prussian cavalry general |
| Wilhelm Adolf Schmidt (1812–1887), German historian |
| Gustav von Schmoller (1838–1917), German political economist |
| Johann Gottlob Schneider (1750–1822), German classical scholar and naturalist |
| Louis Schneider (1805–1878), German actor and author |
| Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin (1810–1856), German classical scholar |
| Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794–1872), German painter |
| John McAllister Schofield (1831–1906), American soldier |
| James Scholefield (1789–1853), English classical scholar |
| Aurélien Scholl (1833–1902), French author and journalist |
| Jan Hendrik Scholten (1811–1885), Dutch Protestant theologian |
| Georg Friedrich Schömann (1793–1879), German classical scholar |
| Friedrich Hermann von Schomberg (1615–1690), Marshal of France and English general |
| Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk (1804–1865), British traveller |
| Christian Friedrich Schönbein (1799–1868), chemist |
| Eduard Schönfeld (1828–1891), German astronomer |
| Martin Schongauer (c. 1445–c. 1488), the most able engraver and painter of the early German school |
| Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793–1864), American traveller, ethnologist and author |
| Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher |
| Kaspar Schoppe (1576–1649), German controversialist and scholar |
| James Schouler (1839–1920), American lawyer and historian |
| Eberhard Schrader (1836–1908), German orientalist |
| Olive Schreiner (1855–1920), South African novelist |
| William Philip Schreiner (1857–1919), South African lawyer and statesman |
| Adolf Schreyer (1828–1899), German painter |
| Peter Schrijver (1576–1660), Dutch author |
| Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (1744–1816), German actor, manager and dramatist |
| Sophie Schröder (1781–1868), German actress |
| Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (1804–1860), German operatic singer |
| Johann Hieronymus Schröter (1745–1816), German astronomer |
| Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739–1791), German poet |
| Franz Schubert (1797–1828), German composer |
| Levin Schücking (1814–1883), German novelist |
| Schultens, name of three Dutch orientalists |
| Hermann Schultz (1836–1903), German Protestant theologian |
| Max Schultze (1825–1874), German microscopic anatomist |
| Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch (1808–1883), German economist |
| Heinrich Christian Schumacher (1780–1850), German astronomer |
| Robert Schumann (1810–1856), German musical composer |
| Emil Schürer (1844–1910), German Protestant theologian |
| Anna Maria van Schurman (1607–1678), a most extraordinary German lady |
| Jacob Gould Schurman (1854–1942), American educationist |
| Carl Schurz (1829–1906), German-American statesman and reformer |
| Sir Arthur Schuster (1851–1934), British physicist |
| Paul Schützenberger (1829–1897), French chemist |
| Philip Schuyler (1733–1804), American soldier |
| Charles Michael Schwab (1862–1939), American capitalist |
| Gustav Schwab (1792–1850), German author |
| Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (1789–1875), German astronomer |
| Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), German physiologist |
| Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler (1802–1848), German sculptor |
| Thérèse Schwartze (1851–1918), Dutch portrait painter |
| Carl Schwarz (1812–1885), German Protestant theologian |
| Christian Frederick Schwarz (1726–1798), German Protestant missionary to India |
| Schwarzenberg, princely family of Franconian origin |
| Karl Philipp, Prince zu Schwarzenberg (1771–1820), Austrian field marshal |
| Albert Schwegler (1819–1857), German philosopher and theologian |
| Johann Schweighäuser (1742–1830), German classical scholar |
| Georg August Schweinfurth (1836–1925), German traveller in East Central Africa and ethnologist |
| Johann Baptist von Schweitzer (1833–1875), German politician and dramatic poet |
| Kurt Christoph, Count von Schwerin (1684–1757), Prussian general field marshal |
| Moritz von Schwind (1804–1871), German painter |
| Scipio, name of a patrician branch of the Cornelian gens |
| George Sclater-Booth (1826–1894), English statesman |
| Federigo Sclopis di Salerano (1798–1878), Italian statesman and jurist |
| Scopas (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek sculptor and architect |
| William Scoresby (1789–1857), English Arctic explorer, scientist and divine |
| Michael Scot (c. 1175–c. 1234), Scottish mathematician and astrologer |
| Alexander Scott (1525?–1584?), Scottish poet |
| David Scott (1806–1849), Scottish historical painter |
| Sir George Gilbert Scott (1811–1878), English architect |
| Michael Scott (1789–1835), British author |
| Robert Scott (1811–1887), English divine and lexicographer |
| Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912), English sailor and explorer |
| Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), Scottish poet and novelist |
| William Scott, Lord Stowell (1745–1836), English judge and jurist |
| William Bell Scott (1811–1890), British poet and artist |
| Winfield Scott (1786–1866), American general |
| Alexander Nicholaevich Scriabin (1872–1915), Russian composer |
| Augustin Eugène Scribe (1791–1861), French dramatist |
| Charles Scribner (1821–1871), American publisher |
| Scribonius Largus (c. 1–c. 50), court physician to the Emperor Claudius |
| Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (1813–1891), English biblical scholar |
| Sir William Scroggs (c. 1623–1683), Lord Chief Justice of England |
| Scrope, name of an old English family of Norman origin |
| George Poulett Scrope (1797–1876), English geologist and political economist |
| Horace Elisha Scudder (1838–1902), American author |
| Madeleine de Scudéry (1607–1701), French novelist |
| Scylax of Caryanda (Sixth Century B.C.), Greek historian |
| Scymnus of Chios, name assigned to a Greek geographer |
| Samuel Seabury (1729–1796), American Protestant Episcopal Bishop |
| Earls of Seafield |
| Earl of Seaforth |
| Charles Sealsfield (1793–1864), German novelist |
| Owen Seaman (1861–1936), English poet and editor of Punch |
| Molly Elliot Seawell (1860–1916), American author |
| Saint Sebastian, Christian martyr |
| Sebastian (1554–1578), King of Portugal |
| Count Horace Sébastiani (1772–1851), French marshal and diplomatist |
| Sebastiano del Piombo (1485–1547), Italian painter |
| Angelo Secchi (1818–1878), Italian astronomer |
| Friedrich Heinrich, Count von Seckendorf (1673–1763), German soldier |
| Veit Ludwig von Seckendorf (1626–1692), German statesman and scholar |
| Thomas Secker (1693–1768), Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Charles Secrétan (1815–1895), Swiss philosopher |
| Joannes Secundus (1511–1536), Latin poet |
| Sedaine (1719–1797), French dramatist |
| Richard John Seddon (1845–1906), New Zealand statesman |
| Thomas Seddon (1821–1856), English landscape painter |
| Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873), English geologist |
| Catharine Maria Sedgwick (1789–1867), American novelist |
| John Sedgwick (1813–1864), American general |
| Sir Charles Sedley (1639–1701), English wit and dramatist |
| Sedulius (Fifth Century), Christian poet |
| Marie Seebach (1829–1897), German actress |
| Frederic Seebohm (1833–1912), English historian |
| Sir John Robert Seeley (1834–1895), English essayist and historian |
| Ulrich Jasper Seetzen (1767–1811), German explorer of Arabia and Palestine |
| Giovanni Segantini (1858–1899), Italian painter |
| Segrave, name of an English baronial family |
| Pierre Séguier (1588–1672), Chancellor of France |
| Ségur, name of a French family |
| Louis-Philippe, Comte de Ségur (1753–1830), French diplomatist and historian |
| Philippe-Henri, Marquis de Ségur (1724–1801), Marshal of France |
| Philippe-Paul, Comte de Ségur (1780–1873), French general and historian |
| Hannibal Sehested (1609–1666), Danish statesman |
| Anton Seidl (1850–1898), Hungarian operatic conductor |
| Lucius Aelius Sejanus (d. 31 A.D.), favourite and minister of the Emperor Tiberius |
| Roundell Palmer, Earl of Selborne (1812–1895), English lawyer and statesman |
| William Waldegrave Palmer, Earl of Selborne (1859–1942), English politician |
| William Court Gully, 1st Viscount Selby (1835–1909), Speaker of the British House of Commons |
| John Selden (1584–1654), English jurist, legal antiquary and oriental scholar |
| Thomas Oliver Selfridge (1804–1902), American naval officer |
| Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman (1861–1939), American economist |
| Selim, name of three sultans of Turkey |
| Alexander Selkirk (1676–1721), Scottish sailor, the prototype of “Robinson Crusoe” |
| Thomas Douglas, Earl of Selkirk (1771–1820), colonizer of Canada |
| Quintino Sella (1827–1884), Italian statesman and financier |
| William Young Sellar (1825–1890), Scottish classical scholar |
| Frederick Courteney Selous (1851–1917), British explorer and hunter |
| Odet de Selve (c. 1504–1563), French diplomatist |
| Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824–1902), British geologist |
| George Augustus Selwyn (1719–1791), English wit |
| Semīramis (c. 800 B.C.), famous Assyrian princess |
| Johann Salomo Semler (1725–1791), German church historian and biblical critic |
| Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818–1865), Hungarian physician |
| Raphael Semmes (1809–1877), American naval officer |
| Charles-Louis Huguet, Marquis de Sémonville (1759–1839), French diplomat |
| Gottfried Semper (1803–1879), German architect and writer on art |
| Sempill, name of a Scottish family |
| Sir James (1566–1626), Robert (1595?–1665?) and Francis (1616?–1682) Sempill, three Scottish ballad-writers |
| Robert Sempill (c. 1530–1595), Scottish ballad-writer |
| Keshub Chunder Sen (1838–1884), Indian religious reformer |
| Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan (1736–1803), French writer |
| Étienne Pivert de Senancour (1770–1846), French author |
| Alexandre Antoine Hureau, Baron de Senarmont (1769–1810), French artillery general |
| Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (1808–1862), French mineralogist and physician |
| Jean Senebier (1742–1809), Swiss pastor and voluminous writer on vegetable physiology |
| Seneca the Elder (c. 54 B.C.–39 A.D.), Roman writer |
| Seneca (c. 4 B.C.–65 A.D.), statesman and philosopher |
| Alois Senefelder (1771–1834), German inventor of lithography |
| Nassau William Senior (1790–1864), English economist |
| Sennacherib (d. 681 B.C.), King of Assyria |
| Robert Seppings (1767–1840), English naval architect |
| Domingos António de Sequeira (1768–1837), Portuguese painter |
| Vibius Sequester (Fourth or Fifth Century A.D.), supposed author of an alphabetical list of geographical names occurring in the Roman poets |
| Matilde Serao (1856–1927), Italian novelist |
| Serapion (fl. c. 350), Bishop of Thmuis |
| Serenus (Fourth Century), Greek geometer |
| Quintus Serenus Sammonicus, Roman savant, author of a didactic medical poem |
| Johan Tobias Sergel (1740–1814), Swedish sculptor |
| Saint Sergius (Fourth Century), one of the most celebrated martyrs of Christian antiquity |
| Sergius, name of four popes |
| Jean Baptiste Louis Georges Seroux d’Agincourt (1730–1814), French archæologist and historian |
| Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de Serpa Pinto (1846–1900), Portuguese explorer in Africa |
| Francisco Serrano y Domínguez (1810–1885), Spanish marshal and statesman |
| Olivia Wilmot Serres (1772–1834), English impostor |
| Quintus Sertorius (d. 72 B.C.), Roman statesman and general |
| Jeaume Mathieu Philibert, Comte Sérurier (1742–1819), French soldier |
| Joseph-Michel-Antoine Servan (1737–1807), French publicist |
| Jean-Nicolas Servandoni (1695–1766), French decorator, architect and scene-painter |
| Michael Servetus (1511?–1553), physician and polemic |
| Abel Servien (1593–1659), French diplomat |
| Servius (Fourth Century), Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil |
| Servius Tullius (d. 534 B.C.), sixth legendary King of Rome |
| Sesostris, name of a legendary King of Egypt |
| Seth, son of Adam |
| Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931), Scotch educator and philosopher |
| Seton, Scottish family |
| Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), American nun, founder of the first community of Sisters of Charity in the United States |
| Luigi Settembrini (1813–1877), Italian man of letters and politician |
| Elkanah Settle (1648–1724), English poet and playwright |
| Johann Gottfried Seume (1763–1810), German author |
| Heinrich Seuse (1295–1366), German mystic |
| Severinus (d. 640), Pope |
| Joseph Severn (1793–1879), English portrait and subject painter |
| Lucius Septimius Severus (146–211), Roman Emperor |
| Sulpicius Severus (c. 363–c. 425), Christian writer |
| Severus Alexander (208–235), Roman Emperor |
| John Sevier (1745–1815), American frontiersman, first Governor of Tennessee |
| Madame de Sévigné (1626–1696), French letter-writer |
| Arthur Sewall (1835–1900), American ship-builder and public man |
| May Wright Sewall (1844–1920), American educator |
| Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), American jurist |
| Anna Seward (1747–1809), English writer |
| William Henry Seward (1801–1872), American statesman |
| William Sewell (1804–1874), English divine and author |
| Edward Sexby (d. 1658), English soldier, “leveller” and conspirator |
| Sextus Empiricus (Second–Third Century), physician and philosopher |
| Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz (1720–1773), Prussian soldier, one of the greatest cavalry generals of history |
| Gustav Seyffarth (1796–1885), German archæologist and Egyptologist |
| Seymour, name of an English family |
| Frederick Beauchamp Seymour (1821–1895), British admiral |
| Horatio Seymour (1810–1886), American statesman |
| Thomas Day Seymour (1848–1907), American educationist |
| Thomas, Baron Seymour (c. 1508–1549), Lord High Admiral of England |
| Sforza, name of a famous Italian family |
| Caterina Sforza (1463–1509), Countess of Forlì |
| Giovanni Sgambati (1841–1914), Italian composer |
| Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874–1922), British polar explorer |
| Thomas Shadwell (1642–1692), English playwright and miscellaneous writer |
| Shāfi‘ī (767/8–820), the founder of the Shāfi‘ite school of canon law |
| Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (1669–1739), Russian statesman |
| Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (1621–1683), British statesman |
| Lord Shaftesbury (1671–1713), English statesman |
| Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885), English statesman |
| Shāh ‘Ālam (1728–1806), Mogul Emperor of Delhi |
| Shahjahan (c. 1592–1666), Mogul Emperor of Delhi |
| Shahrastānī (1076 or 1086–1153), Arabian theologian and jurist |
| Shāh Shujā‘ (1780?–1842), King of Afghanistan |
| John Campbell Shairp (1819–1885), Scottish critic and man of letters
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