| Anaxagoras (500?–428 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Anaxarchus (c. 380–330 B.C.), Greek philosopher of the school of Democritus |
| Anaxilaus (fl. First Century B.C.), physician and Pythagorean philosopher |
| Anaximander (610?–546? B.C.), second of the physical philosophers of Ionia |
| Anaximenes of Lampsacus (fl. 380–320 B.C.), Greek rhetorician and historian |
| Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 586–528 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English title borne by the well-known Lincolnshire family |
| Jacques-François Ancelot (1794–1854), French dramatist and littérateur |
| Charles Ancillon (1659–1715), one of a distinguished family of French Protestants |
| Johann Peter Friedrich Ancillon (1767–1837), Prussian historian and statesman |
| Pascual de Andagoya (c. 1495–1548), Spanish soldier and traveler |
| Carl Christian Thorvald Andersen (1828–1883), Danish poet and archæologist |
| Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), Danish poet and fabulist |
| Adam Anderson (1692?–1765), Scottish economist |
| Alexander Anderson (c. 1582–1619?), Scottish mathematician |
| Edmund Anderson (1530–1605), English lawyer |
| Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917), English medical practitioner |
| James Anderson (1662–1728), Scottish genealogist, antiquary and historian |
| James Anderson (1739–1808), Scottish agriculturist and economist |
| John Anderson (1726–1796), Scottish natural philosopher |
| Joseph Anderson (1757–1837), soldier, jurist and statesman |
| Mary Anderson (1859–1940), American actress |
| Richard Heron Anderson (1821–1879), American soldier |
| Robert Anderson (1750–1830), Scottish author and critic |
| Robert Anderson (1805–1871), soldier |
| William Anderson (1762–1829), American soldier and statesman |
| Charles John Andersson (1827–1867), African explorer |
| Andocides (c. 440–c. 390 B.C.), one of the “ten” Attic orators |
| Diego de Paiva de Andrada (1528–1575), Portuguese theologian |
| Gyula Andrássy (1823–1890), Hungarian statesman |
| Gyula Andrássy (1860–1929), Hungarian statesman |
| John André (1751–1780), British soldier |
| Laurentius Andreae (c. 1470–1552), Swedish reformer |
| Andrea Andreani (c. 1560–1623), Italian engraver on wood, in chiaroscuro |
| Francesco Andreini (c. 1548–1624), Italian actor |
| Comte Antoine-François Andréossy (1761–1828), French soldier and diplomatist |
| Giovanni Andrés (1740–1817), Spanish Jesuit |
| Andrew, Christian Apostle |
| Andrew II. (1175–1235), King of Hungary |
| Andrew of Longjumeau (Thirteenth Century), French Dominican, explorer and diplomatist |
| John Albion Andrew (1818–1867), American political leader, “war governor” of Massachusetts |
| Lancelot Andrewes (1555–1626), English divine |
| Christopher Columbus Andrews (1829–1922), American lawyer |
| Elisha Benjamin Andrews (1844–1917), American educator |
| James Pettit Andrews (c. 1737–1797), English historian and antiquary |
| Thomas Andrews (1813–1885), Irish chemist and physicist |
| Bertrand Andrieu (1761–1822), French engraver of medals |
| François-Guillaume-Jean-Stanislas Andrieux (1759–1833), French man of letters |
| Andriscus (fl. 148 B.C.), a fuller of Adramyttium, who claimed to be a son of Perseus, last King of Macedonia |
| Androclus, Roman slave who lived about the time of Tiberius |
| Andronicus I. (d. 1185), Emperor of the East |
| Andronicus II. (1260–1332), Eastern Roman Emperor |
| Andronicus III. (c. 1296–1341), Eastern Roman Emperor |
| Andronicus of Cyrrhus (fl. c. 100 B.C.), Greek astronomer |
| Andronicus of Rhodes (c. 70 B.C.), Eleventh scholarch of the Peripatetics |
| Livius Andronicus (c. 284–204 B.C.), founder of Roman epic poetry and drama |
| Sir Edmund Andros (1637–1714), English colonial governor in America |
| Thomas Andros (1759–1845), American patriot |
| Androtiōn (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek orator |
| Aneirin (fl. Sixth Century), name of a British (Welsh) bard |
| Dominique Anel (1679–1730), French surgeon |
| Anerio, name of two brothers, musical composers |
| Fra Angelico (1387?–1455), Italian painter |
| George Thorndike Angell (1823–1909), American philanthropist |
| James Burrill Angell (1829–1916), American educator |
| James Rowland Angell (1869–1949), American educationist |
| Angelus Silesius (1624–1677), German religious poet |
| John Julius Angerstein (1735–1823), London merchant, and patron of the fine arts |
| Peter Martyr d’Anghiera (1457–1526), Italian scholar and courtier |
| Angilbert (c. 745–814), Frankish Latin poet, and minister of Charlemagne |
| Arthur, Earl of Anglesey (1614–1686), British statesman |
| Henry William Paget, Marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854), British field-marshal |
| Charles de Valois, Duc d’Angoulême (1573–1650), natural son of Charles IX. of France |
| Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duc d’Angoulême (1775–1844), Dauphin of France |
| Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), Swedish physicist |
| François (c. 1604–1669) and Michel (1612–1686) Anguier, French sculptors |
| Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532–1625), Italian portrait painter |
| Earls of Angus |
| Anicetus (d. c. 167), Pope |
| Luigi Anichini (Sixteenth Century), Italian engraver of seals and medals |
| Giovanni Animuccia (d. 1571), Italian musical composer |
| Anjou, old name of a French territory |
| Baldasarre Anna (fl. Sixteenth–Seventeenth Century), painter |
| Anna Amalia, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1739–1807), daughter of Charles I., Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
| Anna Leopoldovna (1718–1746), Regent of Russia |
| Queen Anne (1665–1714), Queen of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Empress Anne (1693–1740), Empress of Russia |
| Anne of Brittany (1476–1514), Queen of France |
| Anne of Cleves (1515–1557), fourth wife of Henry VIII. |
| Anne of Denmark (1574–1619), Queen of James I. |
| Anne of France (1461–1522), eldest daughter of Louis XI. |
| Peter Annet (1693–1769), English deist |
| Anniceris (Fourth Century B.C.?), Greek philosopher of the Cyrenaic school |
| Mary Anning (1799–1847), English fossil-collector |
| Saint Anno (c. 1010–1075), Archbishop of Cologne |
| Louis-Pierre Anquetil (1723–1808), French historian |
| Abraham-Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron (1731–1805), French orientalist |
| Richard Ansdell (1815–1885), English painter |
| Saint Anselm (c. 1033–1109), Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Anselm of Laon (d. 1117), French theologian |
| Anselme (1625–1694), French genealogist |
| George, Baron Anson (1697–1762), British admiral |
| Sir William Reynell Anson (1843–1914), English jurist |
| David Thomas Ansted (1814–1880), English geologist |
| Christopher Anstey (1724–1805), English poet |
| Antalcidas (d. c. 367 B.C.), Spartan soldier and diplomatist |
| ‘Antara Ibn Shaddād (fl. Sixth Century), Arabian poet and warrior |
| Antenor (Sixth Century B.C.), Athenian sculptor |
| Anterus (d. 236), Pope |
| Anthemius (Sixth Century), Greek mathematician and architect |
| Anthim the Iberian (d. 1716), notable figure in the ecclesiastical history of Rumania |
| Charles Anthon (1797–1867), American classical scholar |
| Saint Anthony (c. 250–355/6), first Christian monk |
| Saint Anthony of Padua (1195–1231), most celebrated of the followers of Saint Francis of Assisi |
| Susan Brownell Anthony (1820–1906), American reformer |
| Antigonus Cyclops (382–301 B.C.), Macedonian King |
| Antigonus Gonatas (c. 319–239 B.C.), Macedonian King |
| Antigonus of Carystus (Third Century B.C.), Greek writer |
| Antimachus of Colophon (fl. c. 400 B.C.), Greek poet and grammarian |
| Antinoüs (d. 130 A.D.), a beautiful youth of Claudiopolis in Bithynia |
| Antiochus, name of thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty in Nearer Asia |
| Antiochus of Ascalon (d. 68 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Antiochus of Syracuse (Fifth Century B.C.), Greek historian |
| Antipater (398?–319 B.C.), Macedonian general, and regent of Macedonia |
| Antiphanes (Fourth Century B.C.), most important writer of the Middle Attic comedy |
| Antiphilus (fl. Fourth Century B.C.), Greek painter |
| Antiphon (c. 480–411), the earliest of the “ten” Attic orators |
| Antisthenes (c. 445–360 B.C.), founder of the Cynic school of philosophy |
| André Antoine (1858–1943), French actor-manager |
| Antonello da Messina (c. 1430–1479), Italian painter |
| Saint Antoninus (1389–1459), Archbishop of Florence |
| Antoninus Liberalis (fl. c. 150), Greek grammarian |
| Antoninus Pius (86–161), Roman Emperor |
| António, Prior of Crato (1531–1595), claimant of the throne of Portugal |
| Nicolás Antonio (1617–1684), Spanish bibliographer |
| Antonius, name of a large number of prominent citizens of ancient Rome, of the gens Antonia |
| Mark Antony (c. 83–30 B.C.), Roman, the Triumvir |
| Emmanuel-Henri-Louis Alexandre de Launay, Comte d’Antraigues (1753–1812), French publicist and political adventurer |
| Randal MacDonnell, Earl of Antrim (d. 1636), called “Arranach” |
| Randal MacDonnell, Marquess of Antrim (1609–1683), son of the 1st Earl of Antrim |
| Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville (1697–1782), perhaps the greatest geographical author of the 18th century |
| Anwari (c. 1126–c. 1168), Persian poet |
| Ludwig Anzengruber (1839–1889), Austrian dramatist and novelist |
| Apelles (fl. Fourth Century B.C.), probably the greatest painter of antiquity |
| Apellicon (d. c. 84 B.C.), famous book collector |
| Aphraates (fl. 337–345), Syriac writer |
| Aphthonius (Fourth–Fifth Century), Greek sophist and rhetorician |
| Aelius Festus Aphthonius (Fourth Century), Latin grammarian |
| Apicius, name of three celebrated Roman epicures |
| Apion (c. 25 B.C.–c. 45 A.D.), Greek grammarian and commentator on Homer |
| Apollinaris (d. c. 390 A.D.), Bishop of Laodicea in Syria |
| Sulpicius Apollinaris (Second Century), learned grammarian of Carthage |
| Apollodorus (Fifth Century B.C.), Athenian painter |
| Apollodorus (fl. c. 140 B.C.), Athenian grammarian |
| Apollodorus of Carystus (fl. 300–260 B.C.), one of the most important writers of the New Attic comedy |
| Apollodorus of Damascus (Second Century), famous Greek architect |
| Apollonius (Second Century), celebrated grammarian of Alexandria |
| Apollonius (fl. c. 120 B.C.), Greek rhetorician of Alabanda in Caria |
| Apollonius (First Century A.D.), famous grammarian |
| Apollonius Molon (fl. c. 70 B.C.), Greek rhetorician |
| Apollonius of Perga (c. 262–c. 190 B.C.), Greek geometer of the Alexandrian school |
| Apollonius of Rhodes (fl. Third Century B.C.), Greek epic poet and grammarian |
| Apollonius of Tralles (fl. Second Century B.C.), Greek sculptor |
| Apollonius of Tyana (fl. First Century A.D.), Greek philosopher of the Neo-Pythagorean school |
| Apollos (First Century), Alexandrine Jew who after Paul’s first visit to Corinth worked there in a similar way |
| Michael Apostolius (c. 1422–c. 1480), Greek theologian and rhetorician |
| Francesco Maria Appendini (1769–1837), Italian historian and philologist |
| Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert (1797–1847), French philanthropist |
| Appian (c. 95–c. 165), Roman historian |
| Andrea Appiani (1754–1817), best fresco painter of his age |
| Daniel Appleton (1785–1849), American publisher |
| Nathan Appleton (1779–1861), American merchant and politician |
| Thomas Gold Appleton (1812–1884), American writer |
| Albert Apponyi (1846–1933), Hungarian statesman |
| Fedor Matveevich Apraksin (1661–1728), Russian soldier |
| Apries (Sixth Century B.C.), fourth King of the twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty |
| Apsines of Gadara (Third Century), Greek rhetorician |
| Apuleius (c. 125–c. 180), Platonic philosopher and rhetorician |
| ‘Aqība ben Joseph (c. 50–c. 132), Jewish Palestinian rabbi |
| Aquila, a Jew from Rome |
| Aquila Romanus (Third Century), Latin grammarian |
| Manius Aquillius (d. 88 B.C.), Roman general |
| Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Scholastic philosopher |
| François Arago (1786–1853), French physicist |
| Aleksyei Andreevich Arakcheev (1769–1834), Russian soldier and statesman |
| Eugene Aram (1704–1759), English scholar |
| János Arany (1817–1882), greatest poet of Hungary after Petőfi |
| Jón Arason (1484–1550), Icelandic Bishop and poet |
| Arator (fl. 513–544), Christian poet |
| Aratus (271–213 B.C.), Greek statesman |
| Aratus (c. 315–c. 240 B.C.), Greek didactic poet |
| Arbaces, one of the generals of Sardanapalus |
| Edward Arber (1836–1912), English man of letters |
| Arbogast (d. 394), barbarian officer in the Roman army |
| Marie Henri d’Arbois de Jubainville (1827–1910), French historian and philologist |
| Julio Arboleda (1817–1862), poet, orator, soldier and statesman of New Granada |
| Enrique Fernández Arbós (1863–1939), Spanish violinist and composer |
| Alexander Arbuthnot (1538–1583), Scottish ecclesiastic and poet |
| John Arbuthnot (1667–1735), British physician and author |
| Jacob Arcadelt (c. 1505–c. 1568), Netherlands composer |
| Arcadius (377?–408), Roman Emperor |
| Arcadius (Second Century), Greek grammarian |
| Arcesilaus (316–241 B.C.), Greek philosopher and founder of the New, or Middle, Academy |
| Joseph Arch (1826–1919), English politician, founder of the National Agricultural Labourers’ Union |
| John Archdale (1642?–1717), colonial governor |
| Archelaus of Cappadocia (First Century B.C.), General of Mithradates the Great in the war against Rome |
| Archelaus (First Century B.C.–First Century A.D.), King of Judaea |
| Archelaus (Fifth Century B.C.), King of Macedonia |
| Archelaus of Miletus (Fifth Century B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz (1743–1812), German historian |
| Branch Tanner Archer (1790–1856), Texan revolutionist |
| William Archer (1856–1924), English critic |
| Archermus (Mid-Sixth Century B.C.), Chian sculptor |
| Archestratus (fl. c. 330 B.C.), Greek poet |
| Vicomte d’Archiac (1802–1868), French geologist and palæontologist |
| Archias (First Century B.C.), Greek poet |
| Archidamus, name of five kings of Sparta, of the Eurypontid house |
| Archilochus (fl. Seventh Century B.C.), Greek lyric poet and writer of lampoons |
| Archimedes (c. 287–212 B.C.), Greek mathematician and inventor |
| Archippus (Fifth Century B.C.), Athenian poet of the Old Comedy |
| Archytas (c. 428–347 B.C.), Greek philosopher and scientist of the Pythagorean school |
| Giovanni Angelo Arcimboldi (1485–1555), Italian arch-bishop |
| Arctinus of Miletus (fl. c. 744 B.C.), one of the earliest poets of Greece and contributors to the epic cycle |
| Ardashir, modern form of the Persian royal name Artaxerxes |
| Arthur Edward Guinness, Baron Ardilaun (1840–1915), Irish philanthropist and politician |
| Luigi Arditi (1822–1903), Italian musical composer and conductor |
| Anton Stephanovitch Arensky (1861–1906), Russian musical composer |
| Aretaeus of Cappadocia (First Century A.D.?), Greek physician |
| Aretas, Greek form of a name borne by kings of the Nabataeans resident at Petra in Arabia |
| Arethas (c. 860–c. 940), Byzantine theological writer and scholar |
| Pietro Aretino (1492–1556), Italian author |
| Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (1799–1875), German astronomer |
| Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d’Argens (1704–1771), French author |
| Argenson, name of a French family of prominent statesmen, soldiers and men of letters |
| Agustín de Argüelles (1776–1844), Spanish politician of the liberal school |
| Earls and Dukes of Argyll, family of Scottish peers |
| John Argyropoulos (c. 1416–1486), Greek humanist |
| Benito Arias Montano (1527–1598), Spanish orientalist and editor of the Antwerp Polyglot |
| Ariobarzanes, name of three ancient kings or satraps of Pontus, and of three kings of Cappadocia and a Persian satrap |
| Arion (fl. c. 625 B.C.), semi-legendary poet and musician |
| Lodovico Ariosto (1474–1533), Italian poet |
| Aristaenetus (fl. Fifth or Sixth Century), Greek epistolographer |
| Aristagoras (d. 497 B.C.), brother-in-law and cousin of Histiaeus, tyrant of Miletus |
| Aristander of Telmessus (Fourth Century B.C.), favourite soothsayer of Alexander the Great |
| Aristarchus of Samos (fl. c. 250 B.C.), Greek astronomer |
| Aristarchus of Samothrace (c. 217–145 B.C.), Greek grammarian and critic |
| Aristeas (fl. c. 690? B.C.), a somewhat mythical personage in ancient Greece |
| Aristeas, pseudonymous author of a famous Letter |
| Aristides (c. 530–468 B.C.), Athenian statesman, called “the Just” |
| Aristides of Miletus (fl. 150–100 B.C.), generally regarded as the father of Greek prose romance |
| Aristides of Thebes (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek painter |
| Aelius Aristides (c. 117–c. 189), Greek rhetorician and sophist |
| Aristides Quintilianus (Third Century?), author of an ancient treatise on music |
| Aristippus (c. 435–c. 356 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Aristo (c. 250 B.C.), Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno |
| Aristo (fl. Second Century A.D.), Jewish Christian writer |
| Aristobulus of Cassandreia (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek historian |
| Aristobulus of Paneas (c. 160 B.C.), Jewish philosopher of the Peripatetic school |
| Aristodemus (Eighth Century B.C.), semi-legendary ruler of Messenia in the time of the first Messenian War |
| Aristomenes of Andania (Seventh Century B.C.), semi-legendary hero of the second Messenian War |
| Aristonicus of Alexandria (First Century B.C.–First Century A.D.), Greek grammarian |
| Aristophanes (c. 448–c. 388 B.C.), the great comic dramatist and poet of Athens |
| Aristophanes of Byzantium (257–180 B.C.), Greek critic and grammarian |
| Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), the great Greek philosopher |
| Aristoxenus (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek peripatetic philosopher, and writer on music and rhythm |
| Arisugawa, name of one of the royal families of Japan |
| Arius (d. 336), name celebrated in ecclesiastical history |
| Sir Richard Arkwright (1732–1792), English inventor |
| Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington (1618–1685), English statesman |
| Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (1757–1814), son of Charles II.’s general, Carl Gustaf Armfelt |
| Arminius (17 B.C.–21 A.D.), German national hero |
| Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609), Dutch theologian |
| Jonathan Ogden Armour (1863–1927), American merchant and capitalist |
| Philip Danforth Armour (1832–1901), American merchant and philanthropist |
| Henry Hugh Armstead (1828–1905), English sculptor |
| Archy Armstrong (d. 1672), court jester |
| John Armstrong (1709–1779), British physician and writer |
| John Armstrong (1758–1843), American soldier, diplomatist and political leader |
| Samuel Chapman Armstrong (1839–1893), American soldier, philanthropist and educator |
| Sir Walter Armstrong (1850–1918), British art critic and writer |
| William George Armstrong (1810–1900), British inventor, founder of the Elswick manufacturing works |
| Arn (c. 740/1–821), Bishop and afterwards Archbishop of Salzburg |
| Étienne Arnal (1794–1872), French actor |
| Arnaldus de Villa Nova (c. 1235–1313), alchemist, astrologer and physician |
| Jón Árnason (1819–1888), Icelandic writer |
| Henri Arnaud (1641–1721), pastor and general of the Vaudois or Waldensians of Piedmont |
| Arnauld, surname of a family of prominent French lawyers |
| Antoine Vincent Arnault (1766–1834), French dramatist |
| Arnaut Daniel (fl. 1189), celebrated troubadour |
| Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769–1860), German poet and patriot |
| Johann Arndt (1555–1621), German Lutheran theologian |
| Thomas Arne (1710–1778), English musical composer |
| Alfred von Arneth (1819–1897), Austrian historian |
| Bettina von Arnim (1785–1859), German author |
| Harry, Count von Arnim (1824–1881), German diplomatist |
| Ludwig Achim von Arnim (1781–1831), German poet and novelist |
| Hans Georg von Arnim-Boytzenburg (1581–1641), German general and diplomatist |
| Arnobius (d. c. 327), early Christian writer |
| Arnobius the Younger (fl. c. 460), Christian priest or Bishop in Gaul |
| Arnold of Brescia (d. 1155), one of the most ardent adversaries of the temporal power of the popes |
| Sir Arthur Arnold (1833–1902), English author |
| Benedict Arnold (1741–1801), American soldier |
| Sir Edwin Arnold (1832–1904), British poet and journalist |
| Gottfried Arnold (1666–1714), German Protestant divine |
| Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), English poet, literary critic and inspector of schools |
| Samuel Arnold (1740–1802), English composer |
| Samuel Greene Arnold (1821–1880), American historian |
| Thomas Arnold (1795–1842), English clergyman and headmaster of Rugby school |
| Thomas Arnold (1823–1900), English author |
| Thomas Dickens Arnold (1798–1870), American lawyer |
| Thomas Kerchever Arnold (1800–1853), English writer of popular educational works |
| William Delafield Arnold (1828–1859), English author |
| Neil Arnott (1788–1874), Scottish physician |
| Arthur Arnould (1833–1895), French journalist, author and politician |
| Sophie Arnould (1740–1802), French opera-singer |
| Jeanne Sylvanie Arnould-Plessy (1819–1897), French actress |
| Arnulf (c. 850–899), Roman Emperor |
| Earls of Arran, Extinct Scottish title borne by some famous characters in Scottish history |
| Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927), Swedish physicist and chemist |
| Arria (d. 43), in Roman history, the heroic wife of Caecina Paetus |
| Manuel de Arriaga (1840–1917), Portuguese politician |
| Arrian (c. 96–c. 180), Greek historian and philosopher |
| William Arrol (1839–1913), British engineer |
| Arsaces, Persian name, which occurs on a Persian seal |
| Saint Arsenius (c. 354–445), an anchorite |
| Arsenius Autorianus (Thirteenth Century), Patriarch of Constantinople |
| Arses (d. 336 B.C.), Persian King |
| Arsinoë, name of four Egyptian princesses of the Ptolemaic dynasty |
| Artabanus, name of a number of Persian princes, soldiers and administrators |
| Artaphernes (Sixth Century B.C.), brother of Darius Hystaspis, and satrap of Sardis |
| Artaxerxes, name borne by three kings of the Achaemenian dynasty of ancient Persia |
| Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist |
| Artemidorus, a geographer “of Ephesus” |
| Artemisia (fl. c. 480 B.C.), daughter of Lygdamis |
| Artemisia (fl. c. 350 B.C.), sister and wife of Mausolus |
| Artemon (fl. c. 230 A.D.), prominent Christian teacher at Rome |
| Jacob van Artevelde (c. 1290–1345), Flemish statesman |
| Philip van Artevelde (1340–1382), youngest son of the Jacob van Artevelde |
| Arthur, central hero of the cycle of romance known as the Matière de Bretagne |
| Arthur I. (1187–1203), Duke of Brittany |
| Arthur III. (1393–1458), Earl of Richmond, constable of France, and afterwards Duke of Brittany |
| Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), third son and seventh child of Queen Victoria |
| Chester Alan Arthur (1829–1886), twenty-first President of the United States |
| Sir George Arthur (1784–1854), British statesman |
| Timothy Shay Arthur (1809–1885), American author |
| Mikhail Artsybashev (1878–1927), Russian novelist |
| Giovanni Maria Artusi (d. 1613), Italian composer and musical theorist |
| Earldom of Arundel |
| Earls of Arundel |
| Thomas Arundel (1353–1414), Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Thomas Arundell, Baron Arundell of Wardour (c. 1560–1639), English noble |
| Arusianus Messius (Fourth Century), Latin grammarian |
| Laurent d’Arvieux (1635–1702), French diplomatist and orientalist |
| Adolph Ivar Arwidsson (1791–1858), Swedish scholar |
| Arthur Arz von Straussenburg (1857–1935), Austro-Hungarian general |
| Asa, in the Bible, son of Abijah |
| Asaf-ud-Dowlah (1748–1797), Nawab wazir of Oudh |
| Peter Christen Asbjørnsen (1812–1885) and Jørgen Engebretsen Moe (1813–1882), collectors of Norwegian folklore |
| Alexander Sandor Asboth (1811–1868), Hungarian and American soldier |
| Francis Asbury (1745–1816), American clergyman
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