| Andreas Aagesen (1826–1879), Danish jurist |
| Mehemet Aali Pasha (1815–1871), Turkish statesman |
| Jakob Aall (1773–1844), Norwegian historian and statesman |
| Aaron, traditional founder and head of the Jewish priesthood |
| Francis van Aarssens (1572–1641), celebrated diplomatist and statesman of the United Provinces |
| Ivar Aasen (1813–1896), Norwegian philologist and lexicographer |
| Diego José Abad (1727–1779), Mexican poet and Jesuit |
| Charles-Xavier-Joseph de Franqueville d’Abancourt (1758–1792), French statesman |
| Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Conde de Aranda (1719–1798), Spanish minister and general |
| Abaris, Scythian or Hyperborean, priest and prophet of Apollo |
| Nicoló dell’Abate (c. 1509–1571), celebrated fresco-painter of Modena |
| Firmin Abauzit (1679–1767), learned Frenchman |
| Abaye (d. 338), Babylonian amora |
| Abba Arika (d. 247), Babylonian amora |
| Antoine Thomson (1810–1897) and Arnaud-Michel (1815–1893) d’Abbadie, two brothers notable for their travels in Abyssinia |
| Jacques Abbadie (1654–1727), Swiss Protestant divine |
| Abbahu (fl. c. 279–320), Palestinian amora |
| Abba Mari (Thirteenth–Fourteenth Century), French rabbi |
| ‘Abbās I. (1813–1854), Pasha of Egypt |
| ‘Abbās II. (1874–1944), Khedive of Egypt |
| ‘Abbās I. (1571–1629), Shah of Persia, called the Great |
| ‘Abbās Mīrzā (1789–1833), Prince of Persia |
| Cleveland Abbe (1838–1916), American meteorologist |
| Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–1911), American painter |
| Saint Abbo of Fleury (c. 945–1004), learned Frenchman |
| Ezra Abbot (1819–1884), American biblical scholar |
| Charles Abbot, Baron Colchester (1757–1829), English statesman |
| Francis Ellingwood Abbot (1836–1903), American philosopher |
| George Abbot (1562–1633), English divine, Archbishop of Canterbury |
| George Abbot (1603–1648), English writer, known as “The Puritan” |
| Robert Abbot (1588?–1662?), English Puritan divine |
| William Abbot (1789?–1843), English actor |
| Charles Abbott, Baron Tenterden (1762–1832), Lord Chief Justice of England |
| Edwin Abbott Abbott (1838–1926), English schoolmaster and theologian |
| Emma Abbott (1850–1891), American singer |
| Jacob Abbott (1803–1879), American writer of books for the young |
| John Stevens Cabot Abbott (1805–1877), American writer |
| Lyman Abbott (1835–1922), American divine and author |
| ‘Abd-al-‘Azīz (1880–1953), Sultan of Morocco |
| ‘Abd al-Laṭīf (1162–1231), celebrated physician and traveller |
| ‘Abd al-Qādir (c. 1807–1883), Amir of Mascara, the great opponent of the conquest of Algeria by France |
| ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān, name borne by five princes of the Omayyad dynasty |
| Abd-ul-Aziz (1830–1876), Sultan of Turkey |
| Abdulhamid I. (1725–1789), Sultan of Turkey |
| Abdulhamid II. (1842–1918), Sultan of Turkey |
| Abdulmecid (1823–1861), Sultan of Turkey |
| Gilbert Abbott à Beckett (1811–1856), English writer |
| Heinrich Abeken (1809–1872), German theologian and Prussian official |
| Abel, second son of Adam |
| Sir Frederick Augustus Abel (1827–1902), English chemist |
| Karl Friedrich Abel (1723–1787), German musician |
| Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829), Norwegian mathematician |
| Peter Abelard (1079–1142), Scholastic philosopher |
| Johann Philipp Abelin (d. c. 1634), German chronicler |
| Thomas Abell (d. 1540), English priest who was martyred |
| Abencerrages, a family or faction that is said to have held a prominent position in the Moorish kingdom of Granada in the 15th century |
| Abendana, name of two Jewish theologians |
| James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn (1575–1618), Sheriff of Linlithgow |
| James Abercrombie (1706–1781), British general and statesman |
| John Abercrombie (1780–1844), Scottish physician |
| Lascelles Abercrombie (1881–1938), English poet |
| David Abercromby (d. 1701/2), Scottish physician |
| Patrick Abercromby (1656–c. 1716), Scottish physician and antiquarian |
| Sir Ralph Abercromby (1734–1801), British lieutenant-general |
| Henry Austin Bruce, Baron Aberdare (1815–1895), English statesman |
| George Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (1637–1720), Lord Chancellor of Scotland |
| George Hamilton Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860), English statesman |
| George Robert Aberigh-Mackay (1848–1881), Anglo-Indian writer |
| John Abernethy (1680–1740), Irish Presbyterian divine |
| John Abernethy (1764–1831), English surgeon |
| Abiathar, in the Bible, son of Ahimelech or Ahijah |
| Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich (1806–1886), German mineralogist and geologist |
| Abigail, in the Bible, wife of David |
| Abijah, name borne by nine different persons mentioned in the Old Testament |
| Nicolai Abildgaard (1743–1809), called “the Father of Danish Painting” |
| Abimelech, King of Gerar |
| Mrs. Frances (Barton) Abington (1737–1815), English actress |
| Abner, in the Bible, first cousin of Saul and commander-in-chief of his army |
| Edmond About (1828–1885), French novelist, publicist and journalist |
| François-Marie, Comte d’Aboville (1730–1817), French soldier |
| Abraham, the ancestor of the Israelites, the first of the great biblical patriarchs |
| Abraham a Sancta Clara (Ulrich Megerle) (1644–1709), Austrian divine |
| Isaac Abravanel (1437–1508), Jewish statesman, philosopher, theologian and commentator |
| Absalom, in the Bible, the third son of David |
| Absalon (c. 1128–1201), Danish Archbishop and statesman |
| Franz Abt (1819–1885), German composer |
| Abū al-Faraj (897/8–967), Arabian scholar |
| Abū al-Fazl (1551–1602), Wazir and historiographer |
| Abū-al-Fidā’ (1273–1331), historian and geographer |
| Abū al-Qāsim (d. 1013?), Arabian physician and surgeon |
| Abū-Bakr (573–634), name of the first of the Mahommedan caliphs |
| Abū-Ḥanīfa An-Nu’mān Ibn Thābit (699–767), Mahommedan canon lawyer |
| Ismā‘īl Ibn-al-Qāsim Abu‘l-‘Atāhiya (748–828), Arabian poet |
| Abū Ma‘shar (d. 886), Arab astronomer |
| Abū Nuwās (c. 756–c. 810), Arabian poet |
| Abū Tammām (fl. 808–842), Arabian poet |
| Abū ‘Ubaidah (728–824/5), Arabian scholar |
| Acca Larentia, in Roman legend, the wife of the shepherd Faustulus |
| Donato Acciaiuoli (1429–1478), Italian scholar |
| Accius (Sixteenth Century), Latin poet |
| Lucius Accius (170–c. 86 B.C.), Roman tragic poet |
| Bernardo Accolti (d. 1535), Italian poet |
| Pietro Accolti (1455–1532), Cardinal of Ancona |
| Vittoria Accoramboni (1557–1585), Italian lady |
| Mariangelo Accorso (c. 1490–1544), Italian critic |
| Franciscus Accursius (c. 1182–c. 1260), Italian jurist |
| Thomas à Celano (c. 1200–c. 1265), Franciscan friar |
| Achaemenes, eponymous ancestor of the royal house of Persia |
| Franz Carl Achard (1753–1821), Prussian chemist |
| Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist |
| Andreas Achenbach (1815–1910), German landscape painter |
| Gottfried Achenwall (1719–1772), German statistician |
| Achilles Tatius (Fifth Century?), Greek rhetorician |
| Giovanni Achilli (1803–1860), Italian Protestant translator of the New Testament |
| Alessandro Achillini (1463–1512), Italian philosopher |
| Valens Acidalius (1567–1595), German scholar and critic |
| Francis Ackerman (c. 1335–1387), Flemish soldier and diplomatist |
| Johann Christian Gottlieb Ackermann (1756–1801), German physician |
| Louise Ackermann (1813–1890), French poet |
| Rudolph Ackermann (1764–1834), Anglo-German inventor and publisher |
| Harriet Acland (1750–1815), English lady |
| Sir Henry Wentworth Acland (1815–1900), English physician and man of learning |
| Michael Acominatus (c. 1140–c. 1220), Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic |
| Giacomo Aconcio (1492–1566?), pioneer of religious toleration |
| José de Acosta (1540–1600), Spanish author |
| Uriel Acosta (c. 1585–1640), Portuguese Jew of noble family |
| Claudio Acquaviva (1543–1615), fifth general of the Jesuits |
| Helenius Acro (Second Century), Roman grammarian and commentator |
| Acron of Agrigentum (Fifth Century B.C.), Greek physician |
| George Acropolīta (1217–1282), Byzantine historian and statesman |
| Lord Acton (1834–1902), English historian |
| John Francis Edward Acton (1736–1811), Prime Minister of Naples |
| James Adair (c. 1709–1783), Indian trader of English birth |
| John Adair (1757–1840), American general |
| Adalbéron (d. 1030), French Bishop and poet |
| Adalbert (c. 1000–1072), German Archbishop |
| Adalbert (c. 950–997), the apostle of the Prussians |
| Adam, conventional name of the first created man according to the Bible |
| Adam of Bremen (Eleventh Century), historian and geographer |
| Adam de La Halle (c. 1235–c. 1288), French trouvère |
| Alexander Adam (1741–1809), Scottish writer on Roman antiquities |
| Sir Frederick Adam (1784–1853), British general |
| G. Mercer Adam (1830–1912), editor and author |
| Jean Adam (1704–1765), Scottish poetess |
| Juliette Adam (1836–1936), French writer |
| Lambert-Sigisbert Adam (1700–1759), French sculptor |
| Melchior Adam (d. 1622), German divine and biographer |
| Paul Adam (1862–1920), French novelist |
| Robert Adam (1728–1792), British architect |
| Saint Adamnan (c. 625–704), Irish saint and historian |
| Abigail Adams (1744–1818), American founding mother |
| Andrew Leith Adams (1827–1882), Scottish naturalist and palæontologist |
| Charles Follen Adams (1842–1918), American humorous versifier |
| Charles Francis Adams, Sr. (1807–1886), American diplomatist |
| Charles Francis Adams, Jr. (1835–1915), American publicist, lawyer, and politician |
| Charles Kendall Adams (1835–1902), American educator and historian |
| Hannah Adams (1755–1831), American authoress |
| Henry Adams (1838–1918), American historian |
| Henry Carter Adams (1852–1921), American economist |
| Herbert Adams (1858–1945), American sculptor |
| Herbert Baxter Adams (1850–1901), American historian and educationalist |
| John Adams (1735–1826), second President of the United States of America |
| John Couch Adams (1819–1892), British astronomer |
| John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), sixth President of the United States |
| Maude Adams (1872–1953), American actress |
| Samuel Adams (1722–1803), American statesman |
| Sarah Flower Adams (1805–1848), English hymn-writer |
| Thomas Adams (fl. 1612–1653), English divine |
| William Adams (1564–1620), English navigator |
| Adam Scotus (c. 1130–1212), theological writer |
| Patrick Adamson (1537–1592), Scottish divine |
| Robert Adamson (1852–1902), Scottish philosopher |
| William Adamson (1863–1936), British Labour politician |
| Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist |
| Jane Addams (1860–1935), American sociologist |
| Christopher, Viscount Addison (1869–1951), English politician and medical practitioner |
| Joseph Addison (1672–1719), English essayist, poet and man of letters |
| Adelaide (931–999), Queen of Italy and empress |
| Adelard of Bath (c. 1090–c. 1160), English scholastic philosopher |
| Cort Sivertsen Adeler (1622–1675), famous Norwegian-Danish naval commander |
| Johann Christoph Adelung (1732–1806), German grammarian and philologist |
| Adenet le Roi (Thirteenth Century), French trouvère |
| Adhémar de Chabannes (988–1034), medieval historian |
| Adhémar de Monteil (d. 1098), one of the principal personages of the First Crusade |
| Caspar Adler (1488–1560), German reformer |
| Felix Adler (1851–1933), American educationalist |
| Hermann Adler (1839–1911), Jewish author and rabbi |
| Victor Adler (1852–1918), Austrian politician |
| Eufemia von Adlersfeld-Ballestrem (1854–1941), German novelist |
| Saint Ado (c. 800–875), Archbishop of Vienne in Lotharingia |
| Adolf Frederick (1710–1771), King of Sweden |
| Adolph of Nassau (c. 1255–1298), German King |
| John Leycester Adolphus (1795–1862), English lawyer and author |
| Adonijah, name borne by several persons in the Old Testament |
| Adrian, name of six popes |
| Saint Adrian (d. c. 303), Christian martyr |
| Giovanni Battista Adriani (1511–1579), Italian historian |
| Sir John Adye (1819–1900), British general |
| Aedesius (d. 355), Neoplatonist philosopher |
| Paulus Ægineta (c. 625–c. 690), celebrated surgeon |
| Count Aloys Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912), Austro-Hungarian statesman |
| Ælfric (c. 955–c. 1020), English abbot and author |
| Aelianus Tacticus (Second Century), Greek military writer |
| Claudius Ælianus (c. 175–c. 235), Roman author and teacher of rhetoric |
| Saint Ælred of Rievaulx (1110–1167), English theologian, historical writer and abbot of Rievaulx |
| Aeneas, famous Trojan hero |
| Aeneas Tacticus (Fourth Century B.C.), one of the earliest Greek writers on the art of war |
| Aenesidemus (First Century? B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (1724–1802), German natural philosopher |
| Pieter Aertsen (1508–1575), Dutch historical painter |
| Æschines (389–314 B.C.), Greek statesman and orator |
| Æschines (Fifth Century B.C.), Athenian philosopher |
| Æschylus (c. 525–456 B.C.), Greek poet |
| Æsop (c. 620–560 B.C.), famous for his Fables |
| Clodius Aesopus (First Century B.C.), most eminent Roman tragedian |
| Æthelbald (d. 757), King of Mercia |
| Æthelbald (831/4–860), King of Wessex |
| Saint Æthelberht (d. c. 616), King of Kent |
| Æthelbert (c. 836–865), King of the West Saxons |
| Æthelflæd (d. 918), the “Lady of the Mercians” |
| Æthelfrith (d. c. 616), King of Northumbria |
| Æthelnoth (d. 1038), Archbishop of Canterbury |
| Æthelred (d. c. 704), King of Mercia |
| Æthelred I. (d. 871), King of Wessex and Kent |
| Æthelred II. (c. 968–1016), King of the English |
| Æthelstan (895–939), Saxon King |
| Æthelwulf (d. 858), King of the West Saxons |
| Aethicus Ister, author of a description of the world written in Greek |
| Aetion (Third Century B.C.?), Greek painter |
| Aetius (c. 313–c. 370), founder of an extreme sect of Arians |
| Aetius (Sixth Century), Greek physician |
| Aetius (d. 454), Roman general |
| Domitius Afer (d. 59 A.D.), Roman orator and advocate |
| Denis Auguste Affre (1793–1848), Archbishop of Paris |
| Lucius Afranius (First Century B.C.), Roman general |
| Lucius Afranius (fl. c. 94 B.C.), Roman comic poet |
| Sextus Julius Africanus (Third Century), Christian traveller and historian |
| Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist |
| Arvid August Afzelius (1785–1871), Swedish pastor, poet, historian and mythologist |
| Aga Khan I. (1804–1881), Governor-general of Kerman |
| Agapetus, name of two popes |
| Arthur Agarde (1540–1615), English antiquary |
| Agasias, name of two Greek sculptors |
| Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), American man of science |
| Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss naturalist and geologist |
| Saint Agatha (d. c. 251), patron saint of Catania, Sicily |
| Agathangelus (Fourth Century), Armenian historian |
| Agatharchides (Second Century B.C.), Greek historian and geographer |
| Agatharchus (Fifth Century B.C.), Athenian painter |
| Agathias (c. 530–582), Greek poet and historian |
| Agatho (d. 681), Pope from 678 to 681 |
| Agathocles (361–289 B.C.), tyrant of Syracuse |
| Agathodaemon of Alexandria (Second Century?), map designer |
| Agathon (c. 448–400 B.C.), Athenian tragic poet |
| Ageladas (fl. Fifth Century B.C.), a great Argive sculptor |
| Agesander (fl. First Century B.C.), Rhodian sculptor |
| Agesilaus II. (442–361 B.C.), King of Sparta |
| Agis, name of four Spartan kings |
| Antonio Agliardi (1832–1915), Italian Cardinal and diplomatist |
| Saint Agnes (d. 304?), virgin martyr of the Catholic Church |
| Agnes of Meran (d. 1201), Queen of France |
| Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), Italian mathematician, linguist and philosopher |
| David Hayes Agnew (1818–1892), American surgeon |
| Agobard (769–840), Carolingian prelate and reformer |
| Agoracritus (fl. Fifth Century B.C.), Parian and Athenian sculptor |
| Leonardo Agostini (1593–c. 1670), Italian antiquary |
| Paolo Agostino (1583–1629), Italian musician |
| Agostino and Agnolo da Siena (Fourteenth Century), Italian architects and sculptors |
| Agricola (c. 40–93 A.D.), Roman statesman and general |
| Christoph Ludwig Agricola (1667–1719), German landscape painter |
| Georg Agricola (1494–1555), German scholar and man of science |
| Johann Friedrich Agricola (1720–1774), German musician |
| Johann Agricola (1494?–1566), German Protestant reformer |
| Martin Agricola (1486–1556), German musician |
| Rodolphus Agricola (1443?–1485), Dutch scholar |
| Agrippa, sceptical philosopher |
| Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (63–12 B.C.), Roman statesman and general |
| Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486?–1535), German writer, soldier, physician, and by common reputation a magician |
| Agrippina the Elder (c. 14 B.C.–33 A.D.), wife of Germanicus |
| Agrippina the Younger (15–59 A.D.), mother of Nero |
| Henri François d’Aguesseau (1668–1751), Chancellor of France, illustrious for his virtues, learning and talents |
| Grace Aguilar (1816–1847), English writer |
| François d’Aguilon (1566–1617), Flemish mathematician |
| Aḥa of Shabḥa (680–752), Talmudist of high renown |
| Ahab, King of Israel |
| Ahasuerus, royal Persian or Median name |
| Ahaz, son of Jotham |
| Ahaziah, name of two kings in the Bible |
| Ahenobarbus, name of a Roman family |
| Ahithophel, a man of Judah whose son was a member of David’s bodyguard |
| August Ahlqvist (1826–1889), Finnish philologist |
| Wilhelm Ahlwardt (1828–1909), distinguished German orientalist |
| Aḥmad Ibn-Ḥanbal (780–855), founder, involuntarily and after his death, of the Ḥanbalite school of canon law |
| Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), Mahommedan educationist and reformer |
| Aḥmad Shāh (1723–1772), founder of the Durani dynasty in Afghanistan |
| Ahmed I. (1590–1617), Sultan of Turkey |
| Ahmed II. (1643–1695), Sultan of Turkey |
| Ahmed III. (1673–1736), Sultan of Turkey |
| Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1843–1936), Turkish statesman |
| Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1823–1891), Turkish statesman and man of letters |
| Heinrich Ludolf Ahrens (1809–1881), German philologist |
| Jean Aicard (1848–1921), French poet and dramatist |
| Gregor Aichinger (1564–1628), one of the greatest German composers of the Golden Age |
| Francis Aickin (d. 1805), Irish actor |
| Saint Aidan (d. 651), first Bishop of Lindisfarne |
| Hamilton Aïdé (1826–1906), English poet, novelist, and soldier |
| Emmanuel-Armand de Vignerod du Plessis de Richelieu, duc d’Aiguillon (1720–1788), French statesman |
| Marie Madeleine de Vignerot du Pont de Courlay, Duchesse d’Aiguillon (1604–1675), daughter of Cardinal Richelieu’s sister |
| Arthur Aikin (1773–1854), English chemist and mineralogist |
| John Aikin (1747–1822), English doctor and writer |
| William Aikman (1682–1731), British portrait-painter |
| Pierre d’Ailly (1350–1420?), French theologian |
| Gustave Aimard (1818–1883), French novelist |
| Aimoin de Fleury (c. 960–c. 1010), French chronicler |
| Alfred Ainger (1837–1904), English divine and man of letters |
| Max Emmanuel Ainmuller (1807–1870), German artist and glass-painter |
| Henry Ainsworth (1571–1622?), English Nonconformist divine and scholar |
| Robert Ainsworth (1660–1743), English schoolmaster and author |
| William Harrison Ainsworth (1805–1882), English novelist |
| Henry Airay (1560?–1616), English Puritan divine |
| Thomas Aird (1802–1876), Scottish poet |
| Richard, Baron Airey (1803–1881), British general |
| Sir George Biddell Airy (1801–1892), British Astronomer Royal |
| Aisha (610/11–678), Mohammed’s favorite wife |
| John Aislabie (1670–1742), English politician |
| Mademoiselle Aïssé (1695?–1733), French letter-writer |
| Aistulf (d. 756), King of the Lombards |
| William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist |
| Lieuwe van Aitzema (1600–1669), Dutch historian and statesman |
| Sir Sheshadri Aiyar (1845–1901), native statesman of Mysore, India |
| Sir Tiruvarur Mutuswamy Aiyar (1832–1895), native Indian judge of the high court of Madras |
| Akbar (1542–1605), one of the greatest and wisest of the Mogul emperors
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