Forms: α. 1 upbredan, 3–4 upbreyde (5 -dyn), 4 -breide(n; 4–7 upbrayde (6 wp-), -braide, 4– upbraid (7 -brayd), 5 uppe-, 6 upbrade; pa. t. and pa. pple. 3, 6 op-, 6–7 upbraid (4 -brayde, 5 -brayd, -brayed), 3–4 upbreide, 4–5 -breyde. β. 5 vbbreydyn, 6 obbrayd, -braid; 5 (pa. t.) obreide, 6–7 obrayde, 7 obraid. [OE. upbreʓdan, f. up- UP- 4 + breʓdan BRAID v.1: cf. MSw. up-, op-, o(b)brygdha. See also BRAID v.2, ABRAID v.1 and v.2, EMBRAID v.1, IMBRAID v., and UMBRAID v.
The orig, strong pa. t. (upbraid) gave rise to the reduced form UPBRAY v.]
I. † 1. trans. To bring forward, adduce, or allege (a matter), as a ground for censure or reproach. Orig. const, with dative of person, later with to or against. Obs.
For the use of up- in this connection cf. the Scottish and northern to cast up to (one), CAST v. 83. i, the modern to bring up against (one), and the dial. to throw up against.
α. c. 1000. Wulfstan, Hom., 248. Þæt þu þæt god ʓefylle, þe þu canst, þe læs þe [v.r. eow] God upbrede þone godspellican cwide [etc.].
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 426. Þe ancre neuer more þer efter þene ilke gult ne upbreide hire.
a. 1250. Owl & Night., 1414. Ne schal no mon wymman bigrede & fleysses lustes hire vpbreyde.
c. 1290. Beket, 1748, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 156. Wel ofte þe king him opbraid þat he dude him er of guode.
1542. Udall, Erasm. Apoph., 240. Lest the others might thynke niggardship to bee upbraided unto hym, and cast in his teeth.
1583. Golding, Calvin on Deut. clxxii. 1068. It shall bee vpbraided vs that wee haue turned our heartes backe.
1625. Bacon, Ess., Envy (Arb.), 513. It doth vpbraid vnto them their owne Fortunes; And pointeth at them.
1631. Gouge, God’s Arrows, III. § 60. 294. This is not upbraided to David as a crime.
1672. Dryden, Defence of Epilogue, ¶ 2. It was upbraided to that excellent poet, that he was [etc.].
1718. Prior, Solomon, I. 293. May they not justly to our Climes upbraid Shortness of Night, and Penury of Shade.
β. 1581. J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 343. That we purge ourselves of the cryme of novelty, falsly obbraydid agaynst us by Osorius.
1602. R. T., Five Godlie Serm., 143. First reproouing them of errour, and afterwards obraiding against them the cause thereof.
b. Without personal const.: To censure, find fault with, carp at.
c. 1290. S. Eng. Leg., I. 61/271. For ȝwane ani Man opbraid is pouerte, he was in gret deliȝt.
1303. R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 672. Þey scorne Ihesu, and vpbreyde hys pyn.
1382. Wyclif, Ecclus. xx. 15. Fewe thingus he shal ȝyue, and manye thingus he shal vpbreiden.
a. 1586. Sidney, Arcadia, II. x. How much doth thy kindnesse upbraide my wickednesse?
1591. Spenser, Ruines of Time, 215. His hope is faild,… And euill men, now dead, his deeds vpbraid.
1655. John Sergeant, Schism Disarm’d, 331. On all occasions you are still up[b]raiding the liberty given to Papists.
1667. Milton, P. L., VI. 182. Thy self not free,… Yet leudly dar’st our ministring upbraid.
1719. Young, Busiris, II. i. What far transcends my merit, and for ever Must silently upbraid my little worth.
1741. Richardson, Pamela, IV. 105. Mr. Clerimont then upbraids her Guilt.
1792. Wordsw., Descrip. Sk., 251. There doth the maiden watch her lover’s sail Approaching, and upbraid the tardy gale.
1821. Joanna Baillie, Metr. Leg., Lady of B., Introd. 22. For who can these as meaner times upbraid, Who think of Saragossa’s valiant maid?
1867. Emerson, May-day, 621. Who can, like thee, our rags upbraid?
β. 1591. G. Fletcher, Russe Commw., 66. The Chrim … sent to the Russe Emperour a knife:… obbraiding this losse, and his desperate case.
1635. Habington, Castara, I. (ed. 2), 58. Why are their rimes So steept in gall? Why so obrayde the times?
† c. To insult. Obs.–1
1678. South, Serm. (1679), 173. The case is so plain, that I shall not upbraid any mans understanding by endeavouring to give it any farther Illustration.
2. To reproach, reprove, censure (a person, etc.). Occas. const. for, or that.
α. a. 1300. Cursor M., 16718. Þe theif þat biside him hang … him can vp-braid.
a. 1340. Hampole, Psalter, xxxiv. 8. Outrageusly þai vpbraidid my saule.
c. 1374. Chaucer, Troylus, V. 1710. O Pandarus, that in dremes for to triste Me blamed hast, and wont art ofte vp breyde.
c. 1412. Hoccleve, De Reg. Princ., 3500. A sad wys knyght of his with lokkes greye … seide Vnto his lord, and þus he hym vp breyde.
1482. Monk of Evesham (Arb.), 72. Sche vsyd inpacyently to scolde and vpbrayde hem that dyd her wronge.
1530. Palsgr., 784. Yet to upbrayde hym afore folkes is none honestye.
1590. Shaks., Mids. N., IV. i. 55. I did vpbraid her, and fall out with her.
1600. 1st Pt. Sir J. Oldcastle, I. ii. 6. Grieuous complaints haue past betweene the lippes Of enuious persons to vpbraide the Cleargy.
1665. Manley, Grotius’ Low C. Wars, 291. Queen Elizabeth recall’d all her Souldiers,… not without upbraiding the States.
1697. Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 507. He sadly stands,… Upbraiding Heav’n from whence his Lineage came.
a. 1721. Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.), Wks. (1753), I. 267. Has she spread wit and learning thro’ the world,… And is she now upbraided?
1782. Miss Burney, Cecilia, VII. ix. All present were upbraided as if accomplices in the disaster.
1841. Lane, Arab. Nts., I. 109. On hearing these words, I abstained from upbraiding her.
1872. Darwin, Emotions, vii. 186. As she upbraided him, her eyebrows became extremely oblique.
refl. 1789. Boswell, Lett. (1924), 373. I cried bitterly and upbraided myself for leaving her.
1831. Scott, Ct. Rob., xxxiv. She upbraids herself that … she had also survived Irene.
β. c. 1412. Hoccleve, De Reg. Princ. (Roxb.), 62. Pharao clept Abraham, & hym obreide [v.r. ubreyde].
c. 1440. Promp. Parv., 508/1. Vbbreydyn, or vpbreydyn, impropero.
1648. J. Howell, trans. Venice Looking-glass, 8. He might well … have obraided her in the same words as Henry the 3. did upbraid Paris.
b. Const. † of or with (the cause of censure).
(a) a. 1250. Prov. Alfred, 279, in O. E. Misc., 118. Heo ne scholde þe forþ vp-breyde of þine baleu-syþes.
1303. R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 724. Þe pyne, he suffred for þy gode, And þou vpbreydyst hym of þe rode. Ibid. (c. 1330), Chron. Wace (Rolls), 11665. Þey vpbraide vs of our auncessours.
c. 1374. Chaucer, Anel. & Arc., 118. Lest he of eny vntrouthe her vpbreyde.
1584. Lodge, Alarum, Wks. (Hunter. Cl.), I. 28. Trust not to straungers, for they will vpbraide you of their benefite.
(b) c. 1440. Alph. Tales, 318. Þis preste … tolde hur cowncell, & vpbrayed hur þerwith.
1482. Monk of Evesham (Arb.), 67. The mynystrys and wykyd angellys of the deuylle upbraydyn me with the same.
1581. J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 346. This nickname of newe Gospellers (wherewith the Catholickes doe obbrayed us).
1596. Warner, Alb. Eng., X. liv. 244. Yeat not her Infancie should be vpbraided with the blood Of many thousand slaughtred Soules.
1640. Habington, Edw. IV., 150. Obrayding the King with inglorious sloath.
1679. J. Goodman, Penit Pard., III. iv. 317. It is said … Cæsar’s thoughts continually upbraided him with the great exploits Alexander had effected.
1719. De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 503. I began to upbraid them with the just Retribution of Heaven in this Case.
1774. J. Bryant, Mythol., I. 141. Peor, the same with whose rites the Israelites are so often upbraided.
1843. Bethune, Sc. Fireside Stor., 100. [He] upbraided her with a wish to bring him to an ignominious death.
c. absol. To speak reproachfully.
a. 1340. Hampole, Psalter, xli. 14. Whils my banes ere brokyn, [they] vpbrayded til me.
1382. Wyclif, Jas. i. 5. God, the which ȝiueth to alle men largeli, and vpbraydith not.
c. 1410. Lanterne of Liȝt, 10. Þanne þis enviouse man sclaundriþ, vpbreidiþ, reproueþ.
1596. Spenser, F. Q., V. vii. 32. Proud Radigund,… thus vpbrayding, said.
a. 1628. Preston, Mt. Ebal (1638), 28. He giveth liberally, and obraideth not.
1715. Pope, Iliad, II. 311. Have we not known thee,… The man who acts the least, upbraids the most?
1797. S. & Ht. Lee, Canterb. T. (1799), I. 185. I come not to upbraid.
1856. O. W. Holmes, Birthday of D. Webster, xvi. In vain the envious tongue upbraids; His name a nation’s heart shall keep.
II. † 3. To cast, pull, or set up. Obs.
c. 1205. Lay., 16519. And seoððe he hine up bræid, swulc he hine to-breken wolde.
13[?]. Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 781. Þe bryge was breme vp-brayde.
c. 1450. Holland, Houlate, 680. The Falcoune … Bad birnis burdis vp braid, with a blyth cheir.
† 4. intr. To come out of a swoon; to start up, spring up. Obs.
14[?]. Chaucer’s Sqr.’s T., 477 (Petworth MS.). After þat she of swowne gan vpbreide.
1448–9. J. Metham, Wks. (1916), 69/1869. And with þat word bothe deede bodyis vp-brayd.
1513. Douglas, Æneis, I. iv. 36. Quhill al in flamb the bleis of fyir upbradis.
† 5. trans. To give utterance to. Obs.–1
1587. Fleming, Contn. Holinshed, III. 1016/2. This woman … beginneth to vpbraid in the open church verie hard and vnseemelie speeches concerning religion.
6. Of food: a. To make uneasy with repletion or indigestion. Now dial.
1599. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, F iv b. Because, in the boyling or seathing of it in his maw, he felt it commotion a little and vpbraide him.
1601. B. Jonson, Poetaster, Apol. Dial., 24. Their spight … who … Haue nothing left, but the vnsau’ry smoake Of their blacke vomit, to vpbrayd themselues.
1664. J. C., Praxis Lat. Syntax, 118. The fried egge and bacon that I did eat … upbraideth my stomach.
1841. R. W. Hamilton, Nugae Lit., 340. The grossness of the food … upbraids him.
1866–. in dial. glossaries (Yks., Linc.).
b. intr. To rise in the stomach. Now dial.
Cf. earlier quots. s.v. UPBRAIDING vbl. sb. 3.
1604. R. Cawdrey, Table Alph.
1787. Grose, Provinc. Gloss., s.v., My dinner upbraids.
1824–. in dial. use (Yks., Linc.).
Hence Upbraided ppl. a.
1700. Dryden, Wife of Bath’s T., 458. If Poverty be my upbraided Crime. Ibid., Ilias, I. 490. His upbraided Mother.
1748. Richardson, Clarissa, II. 305. The upbraider … is in some sense a superior; while the upbraided, if with reason upbraided, must make a figure as spiritless as conscious.
