Up adv.¹

Forms: 1– up, 4–7 vp, 5–6 Sc. wp; 1–7 upp, 4–6 vpp; 3–5 uppe, 3–7 vppe (5 wppe, 6 huppe); 3–5, 9 dial. op, 4 ope, 5 oppe, hoppe, hope; 5, 6 Sc. vpe, wpe, 6 upe. [OE. upp, up, = OFris. up, op (WFris. op, NFris. ap), OLFr. *up (MDu. up, op, Du. op), OS. up (MLG., LG. up), ON. upp (Norw. upp; MSw. up, op, Sw. upp, Da. op), related to OHG. ûf (MHG. uf, ouf, G. auf) and Goth. iup.

  There does not appear to be sufficient evidence for the assumption that the normal OE. form was ūp, and that ŭpp, ŭp are due to the influence of uppe UP adv.² and uppan UP prep.¹, unless it is assumed that the same change has taken place in all the related languages except High German.]

  I.  Denoting actual movement or direction in (or in relation to) space.

  1.  To or towards a point or place higher than another and lying directly (or almost directly) above it; so as to raise or bring, come or tend, to or towards a higher position in space.

  Freq. denoting the elevating or rising of only part of the thing spoken of.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xxxiv. § 11. Hwæðer þu nu onʓite forhwy þæt fyr fundiʓe up & sio eorðe ordune?

a. 1000.  Riddles, lv. [liv.] 4. Hyse … hof his aʓen hraʓl hondum up.

c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., III. 252. Æfter heora ʓerepe gæð seo ea up … & ofer flett eall þæt egiptisce land.

a. 1122.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1099. Ðises ʓeares … asprang up … sæ-flod.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 280. He iseih hu ueole þe grimme wrastlare of helle breid up on his hupe.

c. 1280.  Vox & Wolf, 75. Wen me shulde þat on op winde, Þat oþer wolde adoun winde.

13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 1191.

1340–70.  Alex. & Dind., 483. Whan þe watur wiþ þe wind þe wawus vp casteþ.

a. 1400.  Pistill of Susan, 229. To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden … And he lift vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake.

c. 1420.  Anturs of Arth., 408. He wayned vp his viser fro his ventalle.

1423.  James I., Kingis Q., clxv. Quhere sum were slungin … vnto the ground, Full sudaynly sche hath [them] vp ythrungin.

c. 1450.  Mirk’s Festial, 2. Þe see schall aryse vp yn hyr styd, soo þat þe watyr schall be hear then ayny hyll.

1535.  MS. Rawl. 777, fol. 86. A smale Rope for the plommers to pull vppe there Irons vnto the leades.

1548.  Elyot, Scintillatio,… sparkelyng vp of fire.

1570.  Dee, Math. Pref., 35. Catchyng hold of their Shyps, and hoysing them vp aboue the water.

1598.  Shaks., Merry W., IV. ii. 57. Ile creepe vp into the chimney.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., II. iii. Shee’ll mount you vp, like quick-siluer, Ouer the helme.

1622.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Farew. to Tower-bottles, A 3 b. Thus like Times Footeball was I often tost In Dock out Nettle, vp downe.

1640.  trans. Verdere’s Rom. of Rom., III. xxx. 129. The Knight of the Eagles presently lift up his Bever.

1667.  Milton, P. L., III. 574. Thither his course he bends…; but up or downe,… [it is] hard to tell.

1706.  Motteux, Vanbrugh’s Mistake, Epil. Nor…, With Glass drawn up, Drive about Covent-Garden.

1766.  G. Williams, Lett., in G. Selwyn (1843), II. 42. After he has pulled up his stockings.

1772.  Hutton, Bridges, 99. A large ram of iron … being lift up to the top of them.

1805.  Naval Chron., XIV. 154. The hatches had bursted up.

1827.  Faraday, Chem. Manip., iii. (1842), 77. The air … will immediately pass up by the hair or wire.

  transf.  1843.  Penny Cycl., XXVI. 419/1. Voices … capable of extending their compass by running up into a falsetto.

1890.  Good Words, Aug., 520/2. The barometer … is going up at a tremendous rate.

  b.  Towards or above the level of the shoulders or head.

Beowulf, 2575. Hond up abræd ʓeata dryhten, gryrefahne sloh.

a. 900.  O. E. Martyrol., 18 April, 58. Þonne he hof his hond upp to hiofonum, þonne hofon þa deor heora fotas upp.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Exod. viii. 17. Aaron ahefde up hys hand.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 3057. Moyses … helde up is hond.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 4767. Oft he liftud vp his hend To godd, þat he helpe þam wald send.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VIII. 11. He … haf up his handes and seide, ‘I praye [etc.].’

1455.  E. Clare, in Paston Lett., I. 315. Than he hild up his hands and thankid God.

1590.  Lodge, Euphues Gold. Leg. (1887), 21. Casting up his hand he felt hair on his face.

1639.  E. Spenser, in Lismore Papers, Ser. II. (1888), IV. 75. He heaved vp his sticke with an intent … to haue strooken me.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, I. (Globe), 256. I saw one of the Villains lift up his Arm with a great Cutlash … to strike one of the poor Men.

1853.  Public School Matches, 14. The wicket-keeper puts up his hands.

1887.  Mrs. J. H. Perks, From Heather Hills, I. vi. 114. Aunt Eliza’s hands went up in horror.

  c.  So as to raise into a more erect (or level) as well as elevated position.

c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., liv. 425. Ne hebbe ʓe to up eowre hornas. Ðonne ahebbað ða synfullan swiðe up hira hornas [etc.].

971.  Blickl. Hom., 187. ‘Rære up, þin heafod.’… Þa ahof Paulus up his heafod.

a. 1300–.  [see LIFT v. 5 c].

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 219. With that he pulleth up his hed, And made riht a glad visage.

1535.  Coverdale, Job x. 15. Yf I be rightuous, yet darre I not lift up my heade. Ibid., Ezek. viii. 17. Purposly to cast vp their noses vpon me.

1570.  Satir. Poems Reform., I. 90. Than did sum Lords lyft vp yair hornis on hie.

1607.  Markham, Cavel., II. 208. The horse … dare neyther tosse vp his heade, nor ducke it downe.

1678, 1756.  [see TOSS v. 11].

1875.  Whyte-Melville, Riding Recoll. (1878), 48. Up go their heads to avoid the pain.

  d.  So as to raise a thing from the place in which it is lying, placed, or fixed.

  For the specific sense ‘into a vehicle (boat, etc.),’ see TAKE v. 90 b c, PICK v. 20 e.

c. 900.  Baeda’s Hist., III. xv. (1890), 200. Þa scipmen þa oncras upp teon, & in þone sæ syndon.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. vii. 17. Ða wæteru … ahefdon up ðone arc. Ibid., Saints’ Lives, viii. 212. Hine ʓelæhte an hors … mid toðum and hefde him upp.

c. 1052.  O. E. Chron. (MS. C). Hiʓ brudon up ða sona heora ancran.

a. 1300–.  [see TAKE v. 90 a].

1382.  Wyclif, 2 Esdr. ii. 1. I heuede vp the win, and ȝaf to the king.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VII. 349. A whirlewynd … lefte up sixe rafters of þe cherche.

c. 1430.  Two Cookery Bks., 5. Þan take hem vp of þe water after þe fyrst boylyng.

1458.  in Parker, Dom. Archit., III. 41. Som oute of her sadels flette to the grounde…. Her kyn … caught hem uppe with care.

a. 1533.  Ld. Berners, Huon, lxi. 213. They weyed vp theyr ancres & lyft vp theyr saylles.

1535.  Coverdale, 2 Esdr. ii. 1. I toke vp the wyne, and gaue it vnto ye kynge.

1602–.  [see DIP v. 5].

1662–.  [see GET v. 72 j].

1694.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3023/1. As soon as they could get up their Anchors they sailed away.

a. 1704–.  [see PICK v. 20. b].

1725.  T. Lewis, Antiq. Hebr. Rep., III. 270. When she had lift it [sc. a shoe] up.

187[?].  B. Harte, High Water Mark, Wks. (1873), 70. She dipped up the water to cool her parched throat, and found that it was salt as her tears.

  e.  So as to invert the relative position of things or surfaces; so as to have a particular surface facing upwards.

a. 1300.  in E. E. P. (1862), 21. Turne him uppe, turne him down,… ouer al þou findist him blodi oþer wan.

c. 1340.  Hampole, Pr. Consc., 673. What es man in shap bot a tre Turned up þat es doun. Ibid., 1602. Þus es þis world turned up þat es doune.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxii. (Lawrence), 489. Þe rostit syd turne vpe & ete.

1611–.  [see TURN v. 80 c, g, h, i].

1853.  De Quincey, Autobiog. Sk., Wks. I. 189. ‘We tossed up,’ to settle the question…. ‘Heads’ came up.

1863.  ‘Cavendish,’ Whist (ed. 5), 37. In trumps, if king or queen is turned up.

  2.  Towards a point overhead, or away from the surface of the earth; into the air.

Beowulf, 1373. Þonon yðʓeblond up astiʓeð won to wolcnum.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., vii. § 3. Þonne ic up ʓefere … swa se earn ðonne he up ʓewit bufan ða wolcnu.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 143. Þa apostolas tuʓon hie up & hie ʓesetton on … neorxna wange.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xxvii. 100. Æfter ðysum wordum ʓewende se engel up.

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 64. Ðer-ouer he fleȝeð, and up he teð, til ðat he ðe heuene seð.

1382.  Wyclif, Acts i. 9. He was lift vp, and a cloud receyuede hym.

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (1531), 166. As a ball, which yf it be tossed and cast vp streyght, it falleth down [etc.].

1535.  Coverdale, Job xxxix. 27. Doth the Aegle mounte vp … at thy commaundement?

1591.  Raleigh, Last Fight Reuenge, B 4 b. Doubting least S. Richard would haue blowne them vp and himselfe.

1599–.  [see BLOW v. 24].

1647.  N. Bacon, Disc. Govt. Eng., I. lvii. 167. Like a vapour mounted up by the Clergy.

1833.  J. Holland, Manuf. Metal, II. vii. 189. The fresh coals … will throw up,… as usual, a body of thick smoke.

1853.  Public School Matches, 16. An appeal to the umpire, and up goes the ball.

  b.  With defining adv. or prep. phrase.

c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Hist., III. xvi. (1890), 202. Þa he þa se biscop ʓeseah … þone rec up ofer þære burʓe wallas ahefenne.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 123. Þes Hælend þe nu up on þysne heofon … astaʓ.

c. 1000.  in Wulfstan’s Hom. (1883), 100. He stah up to ðam stepele and of ðam stepele hof upp on lyfte.

c. 1200.  Ormin, Ded. 234. Þurrh þatt he [sc. Christ] stah forr ure god Upp inntill heffness blisse.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 163. [To] bloue hom here & þere vp in þe luft anhei.

c. 1340.  Hampole, Pr. Consc., 5027. Alle þat er gude … sal … up in-to þe ayre be ravyste.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, i. (Peter), 559. A day he sat þame till, vp in hewine quhen he suld fle.

1482.  Monk of Evesham (Arb.), 107. Now sche was lyfte vppe an hye.

1539.  Bible, 2 Sam. xviii. 9. He was lifte vp betwene heuen & erthe.

1593.  Shaks., Ven. & Ad., 853. Here the gentle larke … mounts vp on hie.

1617.  Moryson, Itin., I. 206. Vines growing up high upon the Elmes.

1680.  C. Nesse, Ch. Hist., 284. Him … whom he hop’d to help up upon the lofty gallows.

a. 1721.  Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.), Wks. (1753), I. 12. The sigh … Up tow’rds the heavens like a bright meteor soar’d.

1824.  Jas. Telfer, Border Ball., 42. They sprang upthrough the welkin high.

1904.  Spencer & Gillen, Northern Tribes Australia, xv. 487. Then he took him away up into the sky.

  c.  To some height above the ground or other surface; from or off the ground; spec. to a seat on horseback; to or towards the mast-head.

c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., 173. Ðonne hi hebbað … ða earce up.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 16705. All swa se Moysæs Hof upp þe neddre i wesste.

c. 1205.  Lay., 30607. Heo wunden up seiles to coppe.

c. 1290.  S. Eng. Leg., I. 41/232. Lupe þou up bi-hynde me. Ibid., 134/961. He … a-rerde op is baner.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. XVIII. 52. Poysoun on a pole þei put vp to his lippes.

1382.  Wyclif, John iii. 14. As Moyses reride vp a serpent in desert.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 10858. And pull vp a port, let hom passe furthe.

c. 1440.  Generydes, 2262. Generydes leppe vppe vppon his stede.

1450.  Bk. Hawkyng, in Rel. Ant., I. 297. Lete the spanyell flusch up the covey.

c. 1450.  Coventry Myst. (1922), 301. And he xal make hym to … gon up on a leddere.

1508.  Dunbar, Gold. Targe, 236. And swyth vp saile vnto the top thai stent.

1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, III. (Arb.), 87. Foorth we take oure passadge, oure sayles ful winged vp hoysting.

1606.  Shaks., Ant. & Cl., V. ii. 56. Shall they hoyst me vp, And shew me to the showting Varlotarie Of censuring Rome?

1629–.  [see PUT v. 53 b].

1697.  Dampier, Voy., 416. Having fine handsome weather, we got up our Yards again.

1738.  Voy. up Thames, 31. Having put up a Sail in one of the small Wherries.

1821.  Scott, Pirate, xl. Up goes the Jolly Hodge, the old black flag.

  d.  So as to be suspended aloft or on high; into a hanging position.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Joshua x. 26. Iosue hi ofsloh ða & siððan up aheng on fif wacum boʓum.

a. 1200.  Vices & Virtues, 49. He ðe weiȝþ upp mid his fingre heuene and ierðe.

1297–.  [see HANG v. 28 a, b, c].

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxxiii. (George), 780. Þane gert he men but mare hang hyre hey vpe be þe hare.

1430–40.  Lydg., Bochas, VIII. 1890. How he hymsilfe heng up bi the hals.

1536–.  [see TRUSS v. 7].

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 47, ¶ 3. The Dutch … hang up in several of their Streets what they call the Sign of the Gaper.

  3.  From beneath the horizon to the line of vision.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xxxix. § 13. Þonne hate we hine morʓensteorra, forþam he cymð eastan up.

c. 937.  Brunanburh, 13. Siðþan sunne up … glad ofer grundas.

a. 1000.  Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861), 30. Mid þy ða ærest se mona up eode.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Sqr.’s T., 365. Er þat the sonne gan vp glyde.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 755. Whan þe day vp droghe & the dym voidet. Ibid., 8455. When the sun vp set with his softe beames.

1508.  Dunbar, Gold. Targe, 4. Wp sprang the goldyn candill matutyne. Ibid., Tua Mariit Wemen, 512. Quhill that the day did vp daw.

1556–1632.  [see FETCH v. 19 h].

1655.  H. Vaughan, Silex Scint., I. 73. Yet, never sleep the Sun up; Prayer shou’d Dawn with the day.

1698.  [see TURN v. 80 q].

1744.  Thomson, Winter, 878. The welcome Sun, just verging up at first, By small Degrees extends the swelling Curve.

  fig.  1807.  J. Barlow, Columb., I. 204. The sun’s blue ray Topt unknown cliffs and call’d them up to day.

  b.  From below the level of the earth, water, etc., to the surface. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs, and freq. with the addition of a prepositional phrase (of the earth, etc.).

  With grow, etc., in reference to plants, passing into sense 4. For further examples with trans. verbs, see DELVE v.⁴, DIG v. 14, GRUB v. 3, TURN v. 80 r, WEIGH v. 6 b.

  (a)  Beowulf, 1619. Sone wæs [he] on sunde,… wæter up þurhdeaf.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xxxiv. § 6. Þæt wæter … cymð þonne up æt þæm æwelme. Ibid. (c. 893), Oros., I. i. § 9. Seo ea … up aspryngð neh þæm clife.

c. 975.  Rushw. Gosp., Matt. xiii. 5. Hræþe cuomun [hie] upp forþon þe hie næfdon heanisse eorðe.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. ii. 5. Ælcne telʓor on eorðan, ær ðan ðe he up asprunge…, & eall gærs … ær ðan ðe hi up asprytton.

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 579. Ðe sipes [= ships] sinken…, ne cumen he nummor up.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 165. Þe wind þere … Vp of þe erþe ofte comþ.

a. 1300–.  [see SPRING v.¹ 8 c].

1303.  R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 9767. Vpp of hys graue a fyre vpp smote.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., A. 35. So semly a sede moȝt fayly not, Þat springande spycez vp ne sponne.

1530.  Palsgr., 692/1. It is a plesaunt syght to se the water ryse up … out of a spring.

1535.  Coverdale, Job xiv. 2. He commeth vp, and falleth awaye like a floure.

1667.  Milton, P. L., VII. 456. Living Creatures … out of the ground up rose.

1835.  Marryat, J. Faithful, i. My father burst up from the cabin.

1844.  Dickens, in Story of his Life (1870), 156. I am here—just come up from underground.

1866.  Shuckard, Brit. Bees, 223. A thick and prodigious quantity of the common mustard plant shot up.

  (b)  c. 900.  Baeda’s Hist., III. vii. (1890), 163. Hadde biscop heht his lichoman up adon.

a. 1000.  Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861), 35. Hy … delfaþ gold up of eorþan.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. xxxvii. 28. Hi tuʓon hine up of þam pytte. Ibid., Saints’ Lives, xxi. 136. Eadgar cyning … wolde þæt se halʓa wer wurde up ʓedon.

a. 1122.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 963. He nam up Sancta Kyneburh & S. Kynesuið.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxxvi. (Baptist), 561. Sarazenis syne vpe can ta … his banis.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VII. 77. Hircanus took up þre þowsand talentes of kyng David his grave.

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 118. Delvyn vp owte of the erthe, effodio.

1494.  Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., I. 251. Sertane wrychtis … takand wpe the auld schype, that was sunkyne … in the watter.

1548.  Hall, Chron., Richard III., 27 b. Some saye that kynge Richard caused the priest to take them vp,… and to put them in a coffyne.

1563.  Fulke, Meteors (1571), 66 b. When they plowe the grounde [they] turne vp syluer, among the clottes.

1588.  Shaks., Tit. A., V. i. 135. Oft haue I dig’d vp dead men from their graues.

1632.  Milton, Penseroso, 109. That thy power Might … call up him that left half told The story of Cambuscan bold.

1660.  Sharrock, Vegetables, 100. This he onely did by casting up their nests.

1748.  Anson’s Voy., II. viii. 219. The taking up oysters from great depths … by Negro slaves.

1821.  Scott, Pirate, xxxvi. Go down below, my girls,… and send up the rare old man.

1851.  Mrs. Browning, Casa Guidi Wind., II. 325. Ye called up ghosts, believing they were slack To follow [etc.].

  c.  So as to detach from being fixed in the soil or other surface.

  See also GRUB v. 3, PLUCK v. 8 b, PULL v. 31 b. ROOT v.¹ 5.

a. 1100.  in Napier, O. E. Glosses, I. 2903. Euulsum, i. abscisum, ut alocene, up aliþode.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 9285. Illc an treo … Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 10264. Ech tre were vp mored þat it ne spronge namore þere.

1362.  Langl., P. Pl., A. VII. 104. Summe, to plese perkyn, pykeden vp þe weodes.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 499. Þis diuinour … ȝede … herbis to seche, Reft þam vp be þe rotis.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., VIII. 14. Er the Canyculer, the hounde, ascende Haue vp the fern and seggis to be brende.

c. 1550.  Cheke, Matt. xiii. 29. Leest in weeding ye darnel, ye pluck vp also ye corn.

1573.  Tusser, Husb. (1878), 37. A pike for to pike them [sc. vetches] vp handsom to drie.

1699.  Dampier, Voy., II. III. vi. 67. By tearing up the Trees by the Roots.

a. 1701.  Maundrell, Journ. Jerus. (1707), 144. In gathering their Corn,… they pluck’d it up by handfuls from the roots.

1738.  Voy. up Thames, 79. The Humour … of grubbing up every Tree in the Neighbourhood.

1841.  Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc., II. II. 229. The turnips were taken up and carted.

  d.  From the stomach into, or out at, the mouth; out of the sea on to the shore, etc.

c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., I. 74. Wiþ þon ðe men blod upp wealle þurh his muð.

c. 1315.  Shoreham, Poems, I. 778. He soffreþ wel to be kest op, And ȝet to be honoured.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., C. 340. Þe whal wendez at his wylle & a warþe fyndez, & þer he brakez vp be buyrne.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. V. 379. I glotoun girt it [sc. food] vp, er I hadde gone a myle.

1484–.  [see CAST v. 83 b, c].

1541.  Elyot, Image Gov., 23. He immediately wolde vomit vp colar.

1570.  Googe, Popish Kingd., IV. 53. And miserably they reele, till as their stomacke vp they lay.

1599, 1622.  [see FETCH v. 19 b].

1610, 1648.  [see BELCH v. 4. b].

1693–.  [see VOMIT v. 2 b].

1733–.  [see THROW v. 48 b].

1863.  Robson, Bards of Tyne, 433. Whey, she had bowk’t the sma’ beer up.

  fig.  c. 1205.  Lay., 3532. Þa alles vppe abræc, hit wes god þet heo spæc.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 426. Hwon his blowinge ne geineð nout, þeonne bringeð he up some luðer word.

1633.  T. Adams, Exp. 2 Peter ii. 22. 1094. Sinne, like Stibium, will tarry with no body: up it must.

  4.  So as to extend or rise to a higher point or level, esp. above the surface of the ground. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs.

  For the use with run, etc., in reference to plants, cf. sense 3 b. With build, make (see MAKE v. 96 a, b), etc., restoration is freq. implied (cf. sense 20 b).

  (a)  a. 900.  O. E. Martyrol., 21 Dec., 222. On þam wæron þa wealdleðer swa upʓetiʓed, swa swa hiʓ urnon to heofenum up.

c. 1000–.  [see sense 26 a].

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VI. 305. A piler of liȝt þat stood up from his body into hevene.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 173. As the Netle which up renneth The … Roses brenneth.

1530.  Tindale, Exod. ix. 32. The barly was shott vp [1611 in the eare] & the flaxe was boulled.

1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, IV. (Arb.), 107. If ye be delighted, too see new Carthage vp hoouering.

1610.  Holland, Camden’s Brit., I. 288. There riseth up an high mount.

1611.  Bible, Exod. ix. 32. The wheat and the rye … were not growen vp.

1699.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (ed. 9), 97. If Plants run up to Seed over-hastily.

1726.  Swift, Gulliver, III. iii. One … plate of adamant, shooting up to the height of about two hundred yards.

1731–.  [see RUN v. 81 a].

1840.  [see GROW v. 13 b].

1858.  Lytton, What will He do? I. iv. At the rear of the palace soars up the old Abbey.

1878.  Smiles, R. Dick, i. 3. It shoots up into a tall rocky point.

  (b)  971.  Blickl. Hom., 127. Þonne is þær … ʓeworht … up oþ mannes breost heah.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 9204. Nu sket shall illc an dale beon All heʓhedd upp & filledd.

c. 1205.  Lay., 8716. Þa þet work [sc. a castle] wes up iset, heom wes alles þa bet.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 3023. Þe king … let rere up chirchen.

1338.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 88. Whan he was at London, a haule he did vp wright.

1382.  Wyclif, 2 Esdr. ii. 17. Bilde we vp the wallis of Jerusalem. Ibid., iii. 1. Thei bilden vp the ȝatis of the floc.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 53. To him that Thebes ferst on hyh Up sette.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 1535. Priam … byld vp a bygge towne of þe bare vrthe.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., I. 435. When that is drie, vp walle hit euery side In lyke maner.

1479.  Nottingham Rec., II. 390. That the seid howse be fenysshit, reryd and made upp.

1509.  Hawes, Past. Pleas., XXXV. (Percy Soc.), 182. He stretched hym up and lyft his axe a lofte.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.), I. 173. Quhen he had bigit the wal wpe agane.

1687–.  [see RUN v. 81 j].

1730.  Thomson, Autumn, 137. On either hand … groves of masts Shot up their spires.

1788.  J. May, Jrnl. & Lett. (1873), 86. To-day finished laying up the house, and put on the roof.

1812.  L. Hunt, in Examiner, 12 Oct., 642/2. The carpenters that knock up our hustings.

1873.  H. Spencer, Stud. Sociol., xi. 287. Here are lighthouses we have put up to prevent shipwrecks.

  b.  With indication of a point of measurement.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 1548. The walle … of marbill was most fro þe myddes vp.

1473–4.  Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., I. 30. Brade clath for ij goonis and ij kirtillis … for the lyning or thaim fra the waist vpe.

1877.  Ruskin, St. Mark’s Rest, Suppl. i. 5. All the rest mere flat wall, wainscoted two-thirds up, eight feet or so.

  c.  So as to form a heap or pile, or become more prominent. (Also in fig. expressions.)

  See also CAST v. 83 e, EARTH v. 3, MAKE v. 96 b. PUFF v. 4, 5, RIDGE v. 2, RISE v. 10 c, SWELL v. 2, THROW v.¹ 48 d.

c. 1310.  Prov. Hendyng, 142 (MS. Harl. 2253). Bynd þine tonge wiþ bonene wal; Let hit don synke, þer hit up swal.

1523.  Fitzherb., Husb., § 13. In the begynnynge of Marche, rydge it vppe agayne.

1535.  Coverdale, Job xvi. 4. Then shulde I heape vp wordes agaynst you. Ibid., Zech. ix. 3. Tyrus shal … heape vp syluer as the sonde.

1576.  Fleming, Panopl. Epist., 372. Ignoraunce doth … pile them vp one vpon another.

1586.  A. Day, Eng. Secretorie, I. (1595), 140. You must needs heap vp no other but extremities vppon her.

1611.  Bible, Eccl. ii. 26. To the sinner hee giueth … to gather and to heape vp.

1664.  Evelyn, Sylva (1679), 10. Your plants beginning now to peep, should be earthed up.

1718.  Bp. Hutchinson, Witchcraft, i. 8. They can huff up their Bellies, that they may seem much swell’d.

1751.  Jortin, Serm. (1771), II. 37. Some heap up riches.

1776.  Semple, Building in Water, 109. To rise or bank up the Bed of the River.

1825.  Jamieson, Hot,… a small heap of any kind carelessly put up.

1837.  P. Keith, Bot. Lex., 37. The vessels become convoluted and swell up into a bunch.

1839.  Ure, Dict. Arts, 751. The sediment called smitham is taken out, and piled up in heaps.

  5.  So as to raise or rise from a horizontal, relaxed, or drooping posture to an upright or nearly upright position.

a. 900.  Genesis, 1675. [Hie] to heofnum up hlædræ rærdon.

a. 1240.  Wohunge, in O. E. Hom., I. 283. Nu raise þai up þe rode.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 22548 (Edinb.). þe tres forcastin sal þaim payn For to riht þaim op ogayn.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), V. 399. Þey arered up þe baner of þe cros.

1530.  Tindale, Gen. xxviii. 18. Iacob … toke the stone … and pitched it vp an ende.

1598.  Marston, Sco. Villanie, II. vi. (1599), 201. Capro reads,… Strokes vp his haire.

1608.  Topsell, Serpents, 117. The tayle is very long, at the end and turning vp like a Vipers tayle.

a. 1732.  T. Boston, Crook in Lot (1805), 152. God will … remove the weight … and let them get up their back long bowed.

1784.  J. Potter, Virtuous Villagers, I. 51. She now and then bridled herself up a little in the … style of an old maid.

1837.  Marryat, P. Keene, i. The honourable spinster bridled up with indignation.

1850.  Tait’s Mag., XVII. 342/2. The Doctor … drew himself up in offended dignity.

  b.  Upon one’s feet from a recumbent or reclining posture; spec. out of bed.

  Also from a recumbent to a sitting posture: see GET v. 72 a, SIT v. 25 a, c. With reference to the rising of the dead there may be an admixture of sense 3 b.

  (a)  c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Hist., V. xii. (1899), 613/2. On daʓunge he eft acwicode & sæmnunga upp [v.r. up heh] asæt.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 8363. He ras up & toc þe child,… & for till Israæless land.

c. 1205.  Lay., 6495. Þat deor up astod and ræsde o þene stede.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 731. Clerekes, munekes, & canunes … Ariseþ vp to middelnyhte.

c. 1325.  Spec. Gy Warw., 251. Vp he ros þe þridde day.

1382.  Wyclif, Matt. ii. 13. The aungel of the Lord apperide in sleep to Joseph, sayynge, Ryse vp,… and flee in to Egipt.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 5055. Sone as þe day-rawe rase he risis vp belyue.

c. 1400.  Laud Troy Bk., 5779. Menescen was feld, but op he ros.

1535.  Coverdale, 2 Esdr. ii. 12. I gat me vp in y^e night season.

a. 1550–.  [see GET v. 72 a].

1590–.  [see RISE v. 3. b].

1629.  Wadsworth, Pilgr., iii. 14. Euery morning the fift houre summons them vp.

1671.  Milton, P. R., II. 282. Lightly from his grassy Couch up rose Our Saviour.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 363. Being thus gotten up, he look’d out.

1803.  Med. Jrnl., 520. The patients … endeavoured to get up, and to remain out of bed.

1865.  L. Oliphant, Piccadilly (1870), 317. I went to bed, and did not get up till the lamps were being lighted in Piccadilly.

  (b)  971.  Blickl. Hom., 157. Þa ahof Drihten hie up & hie þa cyste.

c. 1290.  Beket, 85, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 109. For Ioye heo ful a-doun i-swowe…. Þe knaue hire op nam.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 25743. Penance … quen we fall vp mai vs lifte.

1470–85.  [see HEAVE v. 1].

1537.  Bible, 2 Sam. xii. 17. The elders … went to him to take him vp from the erth.

1590.  Spenser, F. Q., I. viii. 40. He found the meanes that Prisoner vp to reare.

1591–3.  [see REAR v.¹ 2 b, 2 c].

1663–.  [see KNOCK v. 16 f].

1749.  Fielding, Tom Jones, VII. xii. [They] had raised up the body of Jones, but … again let him fall.

1850.  Tennyson, In Mem., xxxi. Behold a man raised up by Christ!

  fig.  1642.  T. Case, Gods Rising (1644), 3. It is the duty of Gods people, to pray him up, when he seems to be down.

  c.  So as to rise from a sitting, stooping, or kneeling posture and assume an erect attitude. See also GET v. 72 a, p, HELP v. 6, LEAP v. 4, STAND v. 103 a. For up and—, see sense 31.

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., John viii. 7. Se hælend abeah nyþer;… þa aras he upp.

c. 1290.  Beket, 1371, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 145. Seint thomas wolde op arise: Men beden him sitte a-doun.

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. Wace (Rolls), 1803. Coryneus first vp he stirt, & wyþ a clov his body gyrt.

1340.  Ayenb., 240. Þo lhip op þe mayster and him keste.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 82. Artaxenses is … resyn vp with all his rewme to ride vs agayn. Ibid., 2074. Þan pullis him vp þe proude kyng.

1503.  Hawes, Examp. Virt., vii. 150. With that dame Iustyce vp arose.

1526.  Tindale, Luke xiii. 11. [The] woman … was bowed to gether, and coulde nott well lifte vp her silfe.

1535.  Coverdale, 1 Chron. xxiii. 16. Yet get the vp, and be doynge. Ibid., 2 Esdras ii. 20. We … are gotten vp, & are buyldinge.

1667.  Milton, P. L., VIII. 258. Up I sprung,… and upright Stood on my feet.

1795.  H. MacNeill, Scotland’s Skaith, V. vii. Up he bang’d; and … Sad and silent took the road.

1802.  Leyden, Cout of Keeldar, xiv. A wee man … Up started by a cairn.

1877.  Spurgeon, Serm., XXIII. 82. The rebel may stand up in bold defiance.

  fig.  1656.  Cowley, Chronicle, iii. Till up in Arms my Passions rose, And cast away her yoke.

  6.  So as to mount or rise by gradual ascent, in contact with a surface, to a higher level or altitude; sometimes spec. = up-stairs.

Beowulf, 2893. Heht ða þæt heaðoweorc to haʓan biodan, up ofer ecʓclif.

c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Hist., I. vii. (1890), 38. Þa astah se … Godes andettere mid þa menigeo on þa dune upp.

944.  Charter, in Sweet, A. S. Reader (1908), 57. Ðonne of ðam þornum up on ða lytlan dune middewearde.

991.  in Thorpe, Laws (1840), I. 286. Þeh … þa menn up ætberstan into þære byriʓ.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Num. xiv. 40. Sona on ærne merien [hy] astiʓon ʓewæpnode up to ðære dune.

a. 1066.  in Kemble, Cod. Dipl., IV. 221. Ðæt Urk min huskarl habbe his strand … upp of sæ and ut on sæ.

c. 1205.  Lay., 25807. Beduer … up a-stæh þene munt.

1382.  Wyclif, Matt. v. 1. Jhesus forsothe, seynge cumpanyes, wente vp in to an hill.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Sqr.’s T., 378. As rody and bright as dooth the yonge sonne That in the Ram is four degrees vp ronne.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 4978. Goand vp by degres þurgh mony gay Alys.

1487–8.  Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905), 136. To William paris for amendyng of the floores in the house vppon the steyer, and for beryng vp of ij⁰ sackes sonde.

1531.  Tindale, Exp. 1 John (1538), 76. Yf a rude fellowe shulde breake vp into the kynges priue chambre.

1565.  Cooper, Thesaurus, s.v. Accliuis, Trames accliuis, a way goyng vp against a hill.

1656.  M. Ben Israel, Vind. Jud., 15. He went up into a belcony in the palace.

1713.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 10 Feb. Sterne … has been often to see me, he says, but my man has not yet let him up.

1753.  World, 37. There is hardly a chambermaid that will bring me up a bottle of water into my room.

1777.  Sheridan, Sch. Scand., I. i. Show him up.—He generally calls about this time.

1798.  Coleridge, Anc. Mar., IV. x. The moving Moon went up the sky, And no where did abide: Softly she was going up.

1818.  Scott, Hrt. Midl., xx. Widow Butler’s bullseg, that I used to see spieling up on my bed.

1844.  Mrs. Browning, Lost Bower, ii. Summer-snow of apple blossoms running up from glade to glade.

1884.  Harper’s Mag., Jan., 211/2. You keep on plunging up and up until you are worn out.

  b.  To a higher point on or within a river, channel, etc., or a point further from the sea. Cf. UP prep.² 2.

847.  in O. E. Texts, 434. Ðonne up on broc oð heottes dic.

c. 900.  O. E. Chron. (Parker MS.), an. 893. On þa ea hi tuʓon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald.

935.  in Kemble, Cod. Dipl., V. 220. Upp andlang Ocerburnan to halelan mærscæ.

a. 1500.  Leland, Itin. (1711), II. 52. From Mineheved up along the Severne Shore to Stoke Gurcy.

1600.  Hakluyt, Voy., II. 194. The voyage … vp into the Bay of Saint Laurence … as farre as the Isle of Assumption.

1697.  Dampier, Voy., 5. We … might have gone up into the River, having a strong tyde of flood.

1764.  Pres. St. Navig. Thames, 33. The Price of Carriage thro’ … Locks, up even to Wallingford, might also be adjusted.

1790.  Bruce, Source of Nile, I. 48. They border upon another large tribe…, which extends from thence up into Nubia.

1857.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., 707. Up along, sailing from the mouth of the channel upwards.

1881.  J. Hatton, New Ceylon, v. 136. The voyage up, with the trade goods, is done in a canoe.

  † c.  On shore; from the sea; at land. Obs.

Beowulf, 224. Þanon up hraðe Wedera leode on wang stiʓon. Ibid., 1920. Het þa up beran æþelinga ʓestreon.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., IV. x. § 10. He … up comon æt Leptan þæm.

c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Hist., I. xxv. (1890), 58. On þyssum ealande com upp … Agustinus.

a. 1122.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1014. Cnut … com to Sandwic, & let þær up þa ʓislas þe his fæder ʓesealde wæron.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 87. Þa þe heo comen on midden þere se, þa wes þet godes folc up of þere se agan.

c. 1290.  Beket, 1796, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 158. At douere were kniȝes ȝare … Sone ase he come op þere al aredi him to quelle. Ibid., 1799.

c. 1350–1483.  [see RIVE v.²].

1400.  Destr. Troy, 2017. Þai … Past into port,… Lepyn vp to þe lond, leuyn þere ship.

  d.  In conventional uses, esp. in contrast to DOWN adv. 2. (See also 26 c.)

[1382.  Wyclif, Matt. xx. 18. Loo! we gon vp to Jerusalem.]

1475[?].  Stonor Papers (Camden), I. 156. I com hoppe [= to London] … and grette nede I hadde now of you.

1516–.  [see COME v. 69 a].

1518.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 129. The Inhabitauntes … sent vpp the seid John power … to make further Sute … for Redresse.

1537.  Lett. & Papers Hen. VIII., XII. I. 10. [They] marvel that … Sir George should ryde huppe at this time.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., II. vi. Shee’s come vp here, of purpose To learne the fashion.

1667–8.  Marvell, Corr., Wks. (Grosart), II. 240. Also they have sent for the Lieutenant Governor of Chester; he having writ up news that an apothecary of that town had [etc.].

1707.  Lond. Gaz., No. 2306/3. They came out of Ireland,… but met with a violent Storm that put them up as high as Lundy.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 514. The great … Gulph which goes up to Siam.

1783.  Ld. Percy, in G. Rose, Diaries (1860), I. 59. I shall be three days in going up [to London].

1794.  Bp. Hay, in Ushaw Mag., Dec. (1913), 284. He took the opportunity of my company to … go up with me. His business in London [etc.].

1820.  Examiner, No. 615. 57/2. Pope … resolved to go up to London.

1850.  Browning, Christmas Eve, iv. 64. The thump-thump … Of the train … up from Manchester.

1853.  Dickens, Bleak Ho., lvii. Four horses out there for the next stage up! Quick!

1857.  Hughes, Tom Brown, I. iv. Goes through it every day of my life [says the coach-guard]. Twenty minutes afore twelve down—ten o’clock up.

1861.  [see GO v. 94 a].

  e.  Naut. To windward.

1591.  Raleigh, Last Fight Reuenge, B 2. The ships that wer vnder his lee luffing vp, also laid him aborde.

1603.  Breton, Packet Mad Lett., xii. (1633), 6. My state being so downe the winde,… I know not how to set saile vp in the weather.

1605.  Shaks., Temp., III. ii. 2. Beare vp, & boord ’em.

1611.  Bible, Acts xxvii. 15. The ship … could not beare vp into the winde.

1633–.  [see COME v. 69 i].

1669.  Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., I. ii. 17. He cannot put up the Helmne.

1720–.  [see BEAT v. 19 b].

1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1780), s.v. Bearing, we say, up to windward and down to leeward.

1829.  Marryat, F. Mildmay, v. I … put the helm up. Ibid. (1830), King’s Own, xvi. This … brought the ship up in the wind.

1841.  R. H. Dana, Seaman’s Man., 78. Put the helm down and bring her up into the wind.

  7.  So as to direct the sight to a higher point or level. (Cf. 26 b.)

  See also CAST v. 83 d, HEAVE v. 1, LIFT v. 5, LOOK v. 45 a.

c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Eccl. Hist., IV. ix. (1890), 290. [He] locade up in heofon.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 123. Þa hy þa up on þone heofon … locodan.

a. 1000.  Gl., in Wr.-Wülcker, 79. Ne erigas [oculos tuos], ne ðu up ne arer [ðine eaʓan].

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., John xi. 41. Se hælend ahof upp his eaʓan.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 21393. Constantin … lok up, and in þat sight He sagh þar cristis cros ful bright.

1388.  Wyclif, John xi. 41. And Jhesus lifte vp hise iȝen, and seide [etc.].

c. 1420.  Anturs of Arth., 356. He gliffed vp with his eighen, þat grey were and grete.

c. 1450.  Mankind, 31 (Brandl). Be-holde not þe erthe, but lyfte yowur ey wppe.

1535.  Coverdale, Ps. xl. 12. My synnes haue taken soch holde vpon me, that I am not able to loke vp.

1621.  G. Sandys, Ovid’s Met., V. (1626), 92. His turn’d-vp eyes.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 363. He could only look up, and see that it was a clear Starlight Night.

1820.  Keats, Isabella, xxv. Looking up, he saw her features bright.

1854.  Mrs. Jameson, Bk. of Th. (1877), 13. It is good for us to look up, morally and mentally.

1859.  Sala, Tw. round Clock, 39. His eyes … cast up to count the peaches on the wall.

  b.  So as to cause sound to ascend, increase, or swell. (Cf. 11 b.)

  See also GIVE v. 64. f, PIPE v.¹ 9, RAISE v. 13, 21, SET v. 154 c, SPEAK v. 20 b.

Beowulf, 128. Þa wæs æfter wiste wop up ahafen, micel morʓensweʓ.

c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., xv. 91. Hefe up ðine stefne sua ðes bime.

c. 1205.  Lay., 11280. Scottes huuwen up muchelne ræm.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Merch. T., 1120. Vp he yaf a roryng and a cry.

a. 1400.  Northern Passion, 257. Ilkone kest vppe a grete cry.

1413–.  [see LIFT v. 5 e].

c. 1500.  Melusine, xxxvi. 283. He made hys trompettes to blow vp, that euery man shuld be armed.

a. 1548.  Hall, Chron., Hen. VIII., 76 b. Then vp blewe the trumpettes … on bothe sides.

1581.  Sidney, Apol. Poetrie (Arb.), 46. Who sometimes rayseth vp his voice to the height of the heauens.

1595.  Locrine, II. vi. 28. Sound drummes & trumpets, sound vp cheerfully.

1611.  Bible, Job iii. 8. Let them curse it…, who are ready to raise up their mourning.

1617.  Sir W. Mure, Misc. Poems, xxi. 5. Raise vp thy voice and … proclaime A greater subject.

1869, 1890.  [see GO v. 94 c].

  II.  In figurative and transferred applications.

  Under the following heads are placed only those figurative uses that admit of being classified under some general concept. Further illustration will usually be found under the verbs most commonly occurring in the various phrases, together with many special uses which are confined to one or other of those verbs (see e.g., BRING v. 27, CAST v. 83, COME v. 69, DRAW v. 89, etc.). Some uncertainty attaches to the origin and development of many of these uses, the variety of which is so great that the adverb comes to present a number of highly divergent and even directly opposite senses, e.g., to bind up (sense 19) in contrast with to break up (sense 21 b).

  8.  From a lower to a higher status in respect of position, rank, or affluence. (Cf. SET v. 154 j.)

c. 825.  Vesp. Psalter, xxxvi. 34. Dryhten … hefeð up ðe þæt ðu ineardie eorðan.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xxxix. § 11. Þy læs hi for longum ʓesælðum hi to up ahæbben.

c. 1000.  Ags. Ps. (Thorpe), xlviii., heading. Þæt hy hy upp ne ahofen for heora welum.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 10881. Whase shall i Crisstenndom Beon hofenn upp & hadedd Till bisscopp orr till underrpreost.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Monk’s T., 683. From humble bed to roial magestee Vp roos he, Iulius the Conquerour.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VI. 355. He suffrede no man to stye up to … [that] manere dignitee…, but he were wel i-lettred.

c. 1440–.  [see LIFT v. 2 b].

1477.  Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 142. Yf he see that fortune raise and bring up som other of lower degre.

1530.  Tindale, Practice of Prelates, B vi b. When y^e bishopes office began … to be honorable, then the deacons … clam vp therunto.

1530–61.  [see COME v. 69 f].

1605.  Camden, Rem., 223. This one steppe will not bring you vppe a steppe higher.

1658.  Trad. Mem. K. Jas., G ij. By what steps the Puritans got up, and the old Clergy degenerated.

1685.  W. Cleland, Poems (1697), 127. Now down with the confounded Whiggs,… For Hey Boies up go Wee.

1832.  Ht. Martineau, Life in Wilds, vii. 99. We are getting up in the world.

  b.  Into (greater) repute, credit, or estimation.

1593–.  [see CRY v. 22].

1641.  J. Jackson, True Evang. T., I. 65. Oh how doth it cry up Christ, in the world, that he hath such servants.

1712.  G. Hickes, Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847), I. 291. Instead of writing up the other Protestant Churches to the Church of England.

1741.  trans. D’Argens, Chinese Lett., xx. 137. Men, who preach up nothing but Patience, Humility, Obedience.

1863.  Gladstone, in Morley, Life, II. 99. [Queen Victoria] spoke … of Roundell Palmer; I had a good opportunity of speaking him up.

1871.  Lowell, Study Wind. (1886), 146. A preacher-up of Nature.

  9.  a. To a higher spiritual or moral level or object.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xli. § 6. Se mann ana gæþ uprihte; þat tacnað þæt he sceal ma þencan up þonne nyðer.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 2749. Swa þatt hiss herrte iss hofenn upp To follʓhenn Godess wille. Ibid., 2754.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 9342. Holdeþ vp to god … ȝoure þoȝt.

a. 1340.  Hampole, Psalter, xxii. 6. Þou bas purged my hert, and liftid vp to haf þe ioy of contemplacioun.

a. 1375.  Lay Folks Mass Bk., App. iv. 552. Hef vp ȝor hertes in-to heuen.

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (1531), 290. It heueth and lyfteth vp the spiryt to god.

1535–.  [see LIFT v. 5 d].

1589.  R. Bruce, Serm. (1843), 166. To have … our minds lifted vp to the heavens.

a. 1708.  Beveridge, Thes. Theol. (1711), III. 410. It is a good while before we can get up our hearts from earth to heaven.

  b.  To a state of greater cheerfulness, confidence, resolution, etc.

  See also CLEAR v. 27, for various senses of clear up.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 9336. Ȝoure herten hebbeþ vp…. Hopieþ al on god.

13[?]–.[see PLUCK v. 8 a].

c. 1430–.  [see PULL v. 31. c].

c. 1450.  Mirk’s Festial, 65. Heue vp þyn hert, and make mery.

1572.  trans. Lauaterus’ Ghostes (1596), 108. Gabriel with comfortable wordes did lift up the blessed Virgin.

1590–.  [see HEARTEN v. 2 b].

1597–.  [see CHEER v. 10].

c. 1600.  W. Fowler, Wks. (S.T.S.), I. 191. O thow … that rayses vp my courage and abaites.

1732, 1875.  [see BRIGHTEN v. 2 b].

1894.  Baring-Gould, Kitty Alone, II. 126. I really could not pluck up courage to do so.

  c.  Into a state of activity, commotion, excitement, or ferment.

1340–.  [see STIR v. 16].

1535.  Coverdale, Luke viii. 24. Then wente they vnto him [sc. Christ], and waked him vp.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.), I. 76. Sa gret appetite and wil of beiring rule did fyre wpe, and inflame baith the peples.

1689.  Stillingfl., Serm. (1698), III. iii. 120. To work up a heated … Imagination to the Fancy of Raptures.

1720.  Ozell, Vertot’s Rom. Rep., I. II. 118. Finding the People were blown up again to their former Animosity.

1798–1824.  [see FIRE v.¹ 5].

1822.  Shelley, Chas. I., I. 123. Their sounds … Rouse up the astonished air.

1869.  Phillips, Vesuv., iii. 59. The mountain, as usual, fired up.

1901.  Scribner’s Mag., April, 407/2. Work the crowds up,… but don’t get caught yourselves.

  d.  To or at a greater or higher speed, rate, amount, etc.

  See also COME v. 69 k, GET v. 72 d, RUN v. 81 g (d).

1538.  Elyot, Equus citatus, a horse taken vp.

1565.  Cooper, Thesaurus, s.v. Equus, To fetch vp with the spurre.

1607.  Markham, Cavel., II. (1617), 126. Whose sharpnes and torment … will so quicken your horse up … that [etc.].

1664.  H. More, Myst. Iniq., 474. They gore and spurre up the Ass.

1677.  Essex Papers (Camden), II. 130. Upon the late new letting it [sc. the Excise], they had … bid up very high upon the present farms.

1839.  Alex. Somerville, Hist. Brit. Leg., xi. 236. Flogging the men up, to prevent their falling into the hands of the wandering guerillas.

1883, 1892.  [see GO v. 94 e].

1900.  Elinor Glyn, Visits Elizabeth (1906), 105. Carry had better hurry up and get that house in Park Street.

  10.  To or towards mature age, or proficiency in some art, etc.

a. 900.  O. E. Martyrol., 21 Oct., 192. [Hilarion] wæs up cymen in Palestina.

c. 1420.  Chron. Vilod., 1625. He was norysshut vp in þat place.

c. 1450.  Merlin, vii. 112. And so he … put his owe sone … to be norisshed vp with a-nother woman.

1483–.  [see BRING v. 27 b].

1530.  Ld. Berners, Arth. Lyt. Bryt., 505. It semeth wel this people dyd never nourysh you up.

1534.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 207. To take apon hym the Craftes of Bakyng and bruyng where in he was neuer brought vp.

1535–.  [see GROW v. 13 a].

1597.  Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees, 1835), 172. My mynde is that he shalbe brought up in learnynge.

1611.  Bible, Prov. xxii. 6. Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe.

1730.  Thomson, Autumn, 836. Nurse of a people, in misfortune’s school Train’d up to hardy deeds.

1796.  H. Hunter, trans. St.-Pierre’s Stud. Nat. (1799), II. 554. We are brought up to sense of fear only, and not of gratitude.

1839.  Fr. A. Kemble, Resid. Georgia (1863), 11. As soon as they begin to grow up and pass from infancy to youth.

1879.  Miss Yonge, Magnum Bonum, I. 290. She ’ll be governessed up, and kept to lessons all day.

1894.  Hall Caine, Manxman, 3. He had been brought up to no profession.

  11.  Into existence, prominence, vogue, or currency; so as to appear or prevail.

  See also BLAZE v.¹ 3. (quot. 1878), GET v. 72 r, RISE v. 19.

  (a)  a. 900.  Andreas, 1236 (Gr.). Storm upp aras æfter ceasterhofum.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xxx. 61. Ic eom hælende crist þe … ʓedyde þæt leoht up asprang.

c. 1055.  Byrhtferth’s Handboc, in Anglia, VIII. 306. Of þissum syx tidum aspringð up bissextus.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 286. Amidde þe redunge … þeonne cumeð up a deuociun.

c. 1410.  Lanterne of Liȝt, 28. Liȝt is vp spronngen to þe riȝtwise.

c. 1449–.  [see COME v. 69 e].

1535.  Coverdale, Wisdom vi. 22. As for wyszdome, what she is, and how she came vp, I wil tell you.

1556.  in W. H. Turner, Select. Rec. Oxford (1880), 246. The fire got up.

1556–.  [see START v. 13 c].

a. 1572.  Knox, Hist. Ref., Wks. 1846, I. 77. Upoun what uther trifeling questionis … the war brak up, we omitt to wryte.

1591.  Shaks., 1 Hen. VI., I. iv. 102. A holy Prophetesse, new risen vp.

a. 1679.  J. Ward, Diary (1839), 297. Round knitt capps were the auncient mode before hatts came upp.

1704.  Swift, T. Tub, ii. Before they were a month in town, great shoulder-knots came up.

1704–.  [see TURN v. 80 v].

1833.  A. Crichton, Hist. Arabia, I. 216. Sabellians, Valentinians, and a host of obscurer sects, all rose up.

1844–.  [see CROP v. 10 b].

1882.  A. Griffiths, Chron. Newgate (1884), I. 13. As usual the difficulty of providing funds cropped up.

1902.  T. W. Webber, Forests Upper India, xiii. 156. Dinner ready…. Smyth, however, had not turned up.

  (b)  c. 1200.  Ormin, 16840. Þeȝȝ … hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp … Settnessess, hu mann birrde … Godess laȝhe follȝhenn.

1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. I. 37. Somme murthes to make,… And fynde vp foule fantesyes.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 829*. Nicholas … Had rasyd vp a rode hoste.

1443.  Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 86/2. To the quhilkis we … gert chese upe ane assise of the barony.

1535–.  [see RAISE v. 1 b].

1560.  Daus, trans. Sleidane’s Comm., 28 b. Suche as eyther Reyse up new customes, or extorte that is forboden.

1568, 1611.  [see RAISE v. 11].

1637.  Heywood, Royall King, II. iv. Cannot all this stirre his impatience up?

1645.  Ussher, Body Div., 362. That God … would raise up faithfull and painfull Ministers.

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 47, ¶ 5. Stirrers up of Laughter among Men of a gross Taste.

1729.  Gay, Polly, I. ix. When Kings by their huffing Have blown up a squabble.

1832.  Ht. Martineau, Demevara, i. 10. A few … sluggards who had not put up their appearance at the proper hour.

1843.  Blackw. Mag., LIV. 737. Why couldn’t we get up a play?

1867.  H. Spencer, First Princ., I. (ed. 2), 413. The meteorologic processes eventually set up in the Earth’s atmosphere.

1870.  H. Kingsley, Hillyars & Burtons, lxxvi. It is your grandfather’s will. I … drew it up.

  b.  So as to be heard. (Cf. 7 b.)

a. 1723.  [see SPEAK v. 20 b].

1748.  Thomson, Cast. Indol., I. lxiv. As when … a burnish’d fly … Tunes up amid these airy halls his song.

1802.  Leyden, Lord Soulis, lii. Then up bespake him, true Thomas.

1853.  Public School Matches, 10. The bell from the Pavilion strikes up.

  12.  To the notice or consideration of a person or body of persons (spec. of one in authority).

  See also CALL v. 35 b, d, SHOW v. 4 e.

a. 1122.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1052. Þær bær Godwine eorl up his mal.

1362–.  [see PUT v. 53 h].

1414.  Rolls of Parlt., IV. 22. Or the Petitions biforesaid yeven up yn writing. Ibid. (1439), V. 9. In a Petition putte up to the Kyng.

1483–.  [see BRING v. 27 c].

1529.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 34. The byll of compleynt … put vppe to the Kynges highnes.

1559–.  [see GIVE v. 64 e].

1585.  in Eng. Hist. Rev., Jan. (1914), 111. Th’ acte … being then sent up by the comens to the lords.

1602.  Marston, Antonio’s Rev., III. ii. I have a prayer or two to offer up.

1604–.  [see CAST v. 83 i].

c. 1633.  in 3rd Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., 400/2. Ane paper which they send wpe to ȝour Majestie.

1641.  [see PUT v. 53 h (b)].

1709.  T. Robinson, Vind. Mosaick Syst., Introd. 5. It would be Folly for Men to send up Prayers to a God that is not present to hear them.

1820.  Byron, Mar. Fal., I. ii. 12. The sentence will be sent up to the Doge.

1844.  Fraser’s Mag., XXX. 504. The writ went up to the Lords.

1884.  Bright, in Times, 5 Aug., 10/4. When a Bill leaves the House of Commons it has gone up to the House of Lords.

  b.  Before a judge, magistrate, etc.

c. 1440.  York Myst., xxxvii. 113. Calle vppe Astrotte and A To giffe þer counsaille in þis case.

1440–.  [see PUT v. 53 i].

1749–.  [see HAVE v. 16 b].

1753.  World, No. 35. I was unfortunately called up to give evidence against him.

1821.  Scott, Pirate, xlii. Cleveland and Altamont … were brought up the first of the pirate crew.

1825–.  [see PULL v. 31 d].

1865–.  [see HAUL v. 1 d].

  c.  So as to divulge, reveal, disclose, or let out.

1593.  in Maitl. Cl. Misc. (1840), I. 59. That [the names of] all excommunicatis … be gevin wp this daye viij dayes.

a. 1625–.  [see GIVE v. 64 h].

1826–.  [see SHOW v. 27 b].

1880–.  [see OWN v. 5 c].

1884.  Gilmour, Mongols, xxiii. 285. If his two companions in accusation would not own up.

  d.  As a charge or accusation. (Cf. UPBRAID v.)

1604–.  [see CAST v. 83 i].

1611.  Bible, Numb. xiv. 36. Bringing vp a slander vpon the land.

1889.  N. W. Linc. Gloss. (ed. 2), 74. Bring up against [a person],… to accuse, to charge with.

1890.  [see THROW v. 48 h].

  13.  Into the hands or possession of another.

  See also DELIVER v. 7, GIVE v. 64 a, b, RESIGN v. 1, YIELD v. 10 a, 14 b, 16.

1132.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.). [The king] dide him ʓyuen up ðet abbotrice of Burch.

a. 1225.  Leg. Kath., 134. Al … cweðen hire þe mieistrie & te menske al up.

13[?].  Cursor M., 10220 (Gött.). All þair giftes þai ȝeld vp þar [Trin. Offerede vp her ȝiftes]. Ibid. (c. 1375), 15879 (Fairf.). He deliuered his maister vp.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 758. Oþire recouyre me þi rewme or reche vp þe girdill.

c. 1400.  Brut, cl. 162. Here y resyngn op þe crone … of Engeland into þe Popis Hande.

c. 1440.  Jacob’s Well, 302. And so, as tretourys, þei ȝeuyn vp þe castel of god.

1568.  Grafton, Chron., II. 46. After the geuyng vp of the sayd Citie.

1588–9.  Act 31 Eliz., c. 6 § 2. For the levinge or resignyng upp of the same.

1604–.  [see GIVE v. 64 d].

1613.  Shaks., Hen. VIII., II. i. 97. To th’ water side I must conduct your Grace: Then giue my Charge vp to Sir Nicholas Vaux.

a. 1690.  Bp. Hopkins, Exp. Lord’s Prayer (1692), 47. That his Mediatory Kingdom being fulfilled, it might be delivered up unto the Father.

1713.  Atterbury, Serm. (1734), II. 48. Those … who do not surrender themselves up to the Methods it prescribes.

1802.  Mar. Edgeworth, Moral T., Prussian Vase. He … yielded himself up a prisoner.

1839.  Thirlwall, Hist. Greece, VI. 281. They were assured that no harm should befal them if they gave up Bessus.

1890.  Spectator, 30 Aug. That rich yield-up of the land that speaks of such abundant future provision.

  b.  So as to relinquish, abandon, or forsake.

c. 1290–.  [see YIELD v. 14. c].

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), V. 413. Þanne he awook and ȝalde up þe goost.

1388.  Wyclif, Matt. xxvii. 50. Jhesus eftsoone … ȝaf vp the goost.

c. 1400.  Laud Troy Bk., 13252. For thi wyff this werre be-gan, We ȝeue it vp here euery a man.

1457.  Hardyng, Chron., in Eng. Hist. Rev., Oct. (1912), 747. Whan enmyse gafe vp pese … As lyon fell he putte hym forth in prese.

1510–.  [see GHOST sb. 1].

1530–.  [see CAST v. 83 h].

1558–.  [see GIVE v. 64 b, c, h].

1596.  in Spalding Club Misc., I. 88. James Low … said, in his last wordis, befoir he gef wp his braitht [etc.].

1621–42.  [see TURN v. 80 p].

1653.  H. More, Antid. agst. Ath., III. ii. (1712), 89. For his unserviceableness he was … turned up loose in the pasture.

1678–.  [see THROW v. 48 g].

1885–93.  [see THROW v. 80 p].

  14.  Into a receptacle or place of storage, as for security, convenience, or use when required.

  See also STORE v. 4 b, and for special senses, KNOCK v. 16 g, LAY v.¹ 60 c–g, PUT v. 53, SET v. 154 oo.

c. 1290.  St. Kenelm, 262, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 352. Þis writ was wel nobleliche i-wust and up i-do.

13[?].  Coer de L.,. 6770. He … stablede up hys destrers.

1340.  Ayenb., 232. Þeruore ssel þet tresor by … well y-do op, þet hit ne by uorlore.

a. 1366[?].  Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 184. Gret tresouris vp to leyne.

a. 1368–.  [see PUT v. 53 n, o, p].

c. 1470.  Golagros & Gaw., 1123. Thai … Put up thair brandis sa braid, burly and bair.

1539.  Cranmer, Matt. vi. 19. Laye not vp for your selues treasure vpon earth.

1567.  Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.), 93. Thy gudnes and beningnitie…; Thow lay thame vp with me in stoir.

1604.  Shaks., Oth., I. ii. 59. Keepe vp your bright Swords, for the dew will rust them.

1629.  Parkinson, Parad., 470. The flowers of Marigolds,… pickled vp against winter.

1631.  Gouge, God’s Arrows, II. § 12. 148. God doth sometimes treasure up the sinnes of predecessours.

1692.  E. Walker, Epictetus’ Mor., Praise of Ep. iv. Riches,… Which Knaves hoard up.

1706.  Phillips (ed. Kersey), Rusca Butyri, a Tub, or Barrel of Butter salted up.

1721.  Bradley, Philos. Acc. Wks. Nat., 50. Then they are reckon’d in a right State for Barrelling up for the Markets.

1800–.  [see PUT v. 53 n (d)].

1867.  H. Spencer, First Princ. (ed. 2), I. 301. Those highly-compounded nitrogenous molecules in which so much motion is locked up.

1879.  H. George, Progr. & Pov., I. ii. 36. The heat of the sun is stored up in coal.

  ellipt.  1760–72.  H. Brooke, Fool of Qual. (1809), III. 138. May we not order your horses up [= to be stabled]? You must not think of going.

  15.  Into one’s possession, charge, custody, etc.

  See also GET v. 72 o, PICK v. 20 c, TAKE v. 90 d, l.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander, 760. Þan set þai þam … a day…, And þar-to tuke vp þaire trouthis.

1479.  Cely Papers (Camden), 15. I am avysyd to take oppe at London as meche as I schall nede. Ibid. (1482), 122. To lette hym [= a horse] ron in a parke tyll Hallowtyd and then take hym wpe.

1659.  W. Guthrie, Chr. Gt. Interest, viii. (1724), 88. A Nan may take up his gracious State by his Faith, and the Acting thereof on Christ.

1674.  Pennsylv. Archives, I. 33. Permission is hereby granted … for to take vp a certaine peice of land for himself and his heires.

1697.  Prior, Ep. to Sheppard, 21. Now, as you took me up when little, Gave me my Learning, and my Vittle.

1710.  Steele, Tatler, No. 204, ¶ 6. He has taken up a Resolution.

1711.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 27 Feb. To get up his debts abroad.

1751.  Jortin, Serm. (1771), I. iii. 45. His servants … being employed in gathering up the Tares.

1752–3.  A. Murphy, Gray’s Inn Jrnl., No. 21. After having gleaned up all I could … at School.

1802.  Mar. Edgeworth, Moral T., Forester, xv. One of his boys was taken up amongst the rioters.

1844, 1876.  [see GET v. 72 t].

  16.  Into the position or state of being open. Originally implying the raising of a gate, barrier, etc. For the fig. use of open up, see OPEN v. 24.

c. 1205.  Lay., 1704. Vp heo duden heora castles ȝaten.

c. 1300.  K. Horn, 1115 (Laud MS.). Horn gan to þe yate turne, And þe wyket op spurne.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, XVII. 778. He … gert all wyde set vp the ȝet.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Miller’s T., 615. And vp the wyndowe dide he hastily.

a. 1400–50.  Alexander (Dublin), 783*. Þe wy … Brades vppe þe brade ȝate.

c. 1400.  Gamelyn, 311. Gamelyn ȝede to þe ȝate & lete it vp wide.

c. 1450.  Le Morte Arth., 1839. The chamber dore he sette vp ryght.

1513.  Douglas, Æneid, VII. xi. 32. He that … Thyr ȝettis suld vp oppin and warp wyd.

1523–.  [see BREAK v. 55 j].

c. 1600.  W. Fowler, Wks. (S.T.S.), I. 183. Blist be that houer … that opned vp the wyndowes to disdayne.

1639.  Sir E. Verney, in V. Papers (1853), 233. I have broaken upp my packett againe to insert this letter.

1792.  A. Wilson, Watty of Meg, xix. Up the door flew—like a fury In came Watty’s scawling wife.

1825.  Jamieson, Suppl., s.v., Set up the door.

  17.  Into an open or loose condition of surface.

  See also BREAK v. 56 f, g, CUT v. 59 e, DIG v. 14 c, PLOUGH v. 9 e, RIP v.¹ 3, TURN v. 80 f.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. VI. 109. Dikeres & delueres digged vp þe balkes.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., II. 74. The lond vnclene al doluen up mot be.

1577.  Tusser, Husb. (1878), 83. In January, husband … will break vp his laie.

1588.  Shaks., Tit. A., IV. ii. 87. Sooner this sword shall plough thy bowels vp.

1721.  Strype, Eccl. Mem., I. xxviii. 197. To endure the more pain when they should be cut down and ripped up.

1799.  J. Robertson, Agric. Perth, 247. He directs the moss to be delved or dug up with spades.

1801.  Farmer’s Mag., Nov., 484. An Essay … upon the question of breaking up Grass Land.

1894.  Times, 21 May, 4/4. A gang of men was sent … to pick up and relay the part. Ibid. (1895), 5 Feb., 8/2. That would mean taking up all the streets in South London.

  b.  So as to sever or separate, esp. into many parts, fragments, or pieces.

  See also BREAK v. 2 b, 56 a, CHOP v.¹ 3, CUT v. 59 b. In OE. a similar use occurs in upp forlǽtan, to divide (a river).

14[?].  Voc., in Wr.-Wülcker, 563. Anatene, up cuttynge.

1530.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 50. To breke vppe or caste downe eny dyche or hedge.

1573.  Baret, Alv., s.v. Cut, Cut vp, or winne these partriges.

1611.  Shaks., Wint. T., III. ii. 132. Breake vp the Seales, and read.

1827.  Faraday, Chem. Manip., ii. (1842), 47. The tube itself being broken up and disregarded.

1849.  D. Campbell, Inorg. Chem., 295. Hydrosulphide of ammonium … dissolves it up.

1857.  Hugues, Tom Brown, I. vii. Engaged in tearing up old newspapers … into small pieces.

  18.  To or towards a state of completion or finality. (Frequently serving merely to emphasize the import of the verb.)

  a.  With verbs denoting consuming or destroying.

  See also BURN v. 8 b, EAT v. 18, KILL v. 2 b, SLAY v. 5 b, SPEND v. 13, STIFLE v. 1 (quot. 1582).

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 6634. Slas vp yon caitefs al bidene!

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, V. 1470. She made vp frete here corn.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 81. Thei … brenden up the remenant.

c. 1400.  Sowdone Bab., 414. Destroye vp bothe man and place.

1481.  Cely Papers (Camden), 80. Schepe dys [= dies] wpe in Englelonde.

1546.  Bale, Eng. Votaries, I. (1560), 7. The murthering vp of them whiche hathe done it.

a. 1555.  Philpot, Apology, etc. (1555), B 4 b. Lyke humbledories, eating vp the hony of the bees.

1594.  Nashe, Unfort. Trav., C ij b. I heard where they dyde vp all in one Familie, and not a mothers childe escapde.

1609–10.  Act 7 Jas. I., c 20. The Sea hath … surrounded and drowned up much hard groundes.

1636.  Winthrop, Hist. New Eng. (1825), I. 388. The Indians killed up all their swine, so as Capt. Lovell had none.

1647.  Vicars, England’s Worthies (1845), 63. The Royalists resolving… to gird up Gloucester … on all sides to tire and starve it up if it might be.

1793.  Pellew, in Osler, Life (1835), 89. We dished her up in fifty minutes, boarded, and struck her colours.

1803–.  [see DO v. 52 d, e].

1872.  Spurgeon, Treas. Dav., Ps. lxxix. 7. The oppressor would quite eat up the saints if he could.

1894.  Hall Caine, Manxman, 419. The spendthrift had … sold up the remainder of his furniture.

  b.  With other verbs, denoting progress to or towards an end.

1307.  York Memo. Bk. (Surtees), I. 181. Oute taken girdels that er fully wroght upp.

c. 1400.  Laud Troy Bk., 14614. Thei … heled him vp with medycyns.

c. 1407.  Lydg., Reson & Sens., 2681. She shal performe vp of ryght Al that euer I haue behight.

c. 1440.  Jacob’s Well, 207. Tyl þou haue vp full þi cost & þin expensis.

1480.  Cely Papers (Camden), 48. Y understond Lombardys has bowght ytt [sc. the wool] up yn Ynglond.

c. 1540.  in J. R. Boyle, Hedon (1875), App. 67. Yf any … offycers die … then the common of burgesis to choise other to occupye upe that yeare.

1560.  Daus, trans. Sleidane’s Comm., 298. He will commaunde the fathers … to finish up their work begon.

1601.  R. Johnson, Kingd. & Commw. (1603), 114. By husbandry … they dry vp and drain fenny and vnholsome places.

1639.  T. de Gray, Compl. Horsem., 322. Therefore heale him up with sweet butter.

1682.  Dryden, Medal, Ep. Whigs, ¶ 3. Whatever the Verses are, buy ’em up I beseech you.

1726.  Berkeley, Lett., Wks. 1871, IV. 120. It is an infinite shame that the debts are not cleared up and paid.

1771.  Mrs. Haywood, New Present for Maid, 153. Beat up the yolks of three eggs.

1791.  Smeaton, Edystone L., 121. Lime wetted up in large heaps for use.

1809.  Malkin, Gil Blas, III. ix. ¶ 1. The establishment was paid up and discharged.

1821.  Byron, Juan, III. lxiii. Cloves … were boil’d Up with the coffee.

1873.  Punch, 18 Jan., 21/1. They liquor up despondently.

1882.  Miss Braddon, Mount Royal, III. 195. Could there not be some kind of institution … to force parents to cash up.

1896.  Pall Mall G., 19 Aug., 5/1. Prices have subsequently firmed up in many instances.

  c.  With vbs. denoting cleaning, putting in order, or fixing in place.

  See also CLEAN v. 3, CLEAR v. 27 c, DECK v. 2 b. DO v. 52 b, DRESS v. 7 d, FIT v.¹ 6, GET v. 72 l, m, MAKE v. 96 i, POLISH v. 3, REDD v.² 6 a, RIG v.² 1 b, TACKLE v. 1, 3, TRIM v. 7.

1419–20.  York Memo. Bk. (Surtees), I. 199. Pro purgacione (anglice clensyng uppe) unius centene [arcuum].

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., I. 406. Polish al vp thy werk in goodly tyme.

1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, xliii. 28. Ȝour ladeis grathit vp gay.

1605.  Chapman, All Fools, I. i. 73. Spung’d up, adorn’d, and painted.

1706.  Pope, Lett. (1735), 26. To paint your Shop, and … to brush You up like your Neighbours.

1766.  Goldsm., Vicar, xi. They can do up small cloaths.

1768.  Sterne, Sent. Journ. (1778), II. 199. The beds … were fixed up … near the fire.

1827.  Southey, Hist. Penins. War, II. 762. The rear-guard of cavalry … remained bridled up all night.

1878.  W. S. Gilbert, H. M. S. Pinafore, 1. I polished up the handle of the big front door.

1900.  Daily News, 4 June, 2/4. We have cleaned up for the month of May,… 760 tons.

  19.  By way of summation or enumeration.

  See also CAST v. 83 j, COUNT v. 1 c, MAKE v.¹ 96 j, RECKON v. 1 b, 2 e, RUN v. 81 j (b), SUM v. 1 (b), TOTAL v. 2.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., B. 2. Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende, & rekken vp alle þe resounz þat ho by riȝt askez.

c. 1450.  Bk. Curtasye, 540, in Babees Bk. Tyl countes also þer-on ben cast, And somet vp holy at þo last.

1621.  Stat. Reg. (Arber), IV. 23. Compendious tables for the speedy casting vp of anie some.

1686.  trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 252. Relicks … among which they number up the Veronique.

1727.  Thomson, To Mem. Newton, 132. But who can number up his labours?

1802.  Mar. Edgeworth, Moral T., Forester, xlii. Hours … spent in casting up and verifying accounts.

1871.  R. H. Hutton, Ess. (1877), I. 4. If … you numbered up the acts of trust.

1875.  Jowett, Plato (ed. 2), I. 130. All my years when added up are many.

  b.  To a final or total sum or amount.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 11310. Seofenn siþe sexe gan, Ȝiff þatt tu willt hemm sammnenn, Upp inntill fowwerrtiȝ & twa.

1482.  Monk of Evesham (Arb.), 49. Y addyd … as mony dayes … as wold make vppe the noumbre of the dayes of lente.

1583.  Stubbes, Anat. Abus., II. (1882), 32. Promising them … that they shall pay no more rent yeerelie, till the same be runne vp.

1601.  Shaks., Jul. C., IV. iii. 208. The Enemy, marching along by them, By them shall make a fuller number vp.

1629.  J. Cole, Of Death, 195. His deceased children were alive still in heaven; and the ten more given him here, make them up twenty.

a. 1700.  [see RUN v. 81 g].

1719.  [see MAKE v. 96 c b].

1741.  in C. F. Jenkins, Tortola (1923), 86. Next Week we purpose a Monthly Meeting, here being three little Meetings to make it up.

1837–.  [see KNOCK v. 16 e].

1895.  Westm. Gaz., 9 May, 5/3. Hearne … had hit up 8 runs when he lost Wright.

  20.  Into a close or compact form or condition; so as to be confined or secured.

  See also BIND v. 6, 11 b, BUNDLE v. 1, 2, COIL v.² 3 c, DOUBLE v. 8 (quot. 1893), FOLD v. 1 (quots. 1621, 1712), GATHER v. 16 b, ROLL v.² 8 b, SHUT v. 19 f, TIE v. 11 a, TRUSS v. 1, 6.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, III. 517. There as … al þis heigh matere Towchyng here loue were at þe fulle vp bounde. Ibid. (c. 1386), Prol., 681. But hood … wered he noon, For it was trussed vp in his walet.

c. 1475.  Golagros & Gaw., 224. Thai turssit vp tentis and turnit of toun.

1490.  Caxton, Eneydos, li. 144. He made hys thye to be dressed and bounden vp.

1535.  Coverdale, Song Sol. vii. 5. The hayre of thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates.

1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., III. i. 206. Tye vp my louers tongue, bring him silently. Ibid. (c. 1600), Sonn., xii. Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues.

1639.  T. de Grey, Compl. Horsem. (1656), 373. Rope up all his legges to the body, not suffering him to lie down.

1693.  Humours Town, 44. He is fairly trust up according to his deserts.

1802.  Mar. Edgeworth, Moral T., Forester, viii. Forester … tied up a small bundle of linen.

1825.  Lamb, Elia, II. Wedding. Visitors huddled up in corners.

1861.  O. W. Holmes, Elsie V., xxviii. Old Sophy … bound up her long hair for her sleep.

1876.  Gross, Dis. Bladder, etc. (ed. 3), 21. The limbs are drawn up as in acute enteritis.

  b.  Into a closed or enclosed state; so as to be shut or restrained.

  See also CLOSE v. 21 a, DAM v.¹ 1, 2, 2 b, PEN v.¹ 2, PEND v.³, PENT ppl. a. 1 b, TIE v. 11. b, d.

c. 1489–.  [see SHUT v. 19 c].

1528.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 20. Mulso … hath vnlawfully enclosyd vppe ageyn the sayd comon grownde.

1565–.  [see LAY v. 60 d].

1568.  Grafton, Chron., II. 528. The Englishmen that were shut up in the Castel.

1615.  W. Lawson, Country Housew. Gard. (1626), 12. Take heede of a doore or window…: yea, The damyng up of the said watter.

1642.  Action before Cyrencester, 4. The streets were barricadoed up with chaines, harrowes and waggons.

1727.  Thomson, Britannia, 244 Her merchants scatter’d wide; Her hollow shops shut up.

1769.  Mrs. Raffald, Eng. Housekpr. (1778), 323. Mix them all exceedingly well in your cask, close it well up.

  c.  So as to cover or envelop. Also in fig. context.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., A. 434. Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face.

1577.  Harrison, England, III. i. (1877), II. 11. Ech peece [of the boar] is wrapped vp … with bulrushes.

1589.  [? Lyly], Pap w. Hatchet, B 4 b. Hee woulde not smoother vp sinne.

1593–.  [see FOLD v. 8].

1602–.  [see ROLL v.² 9 b].

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, I. (Globe), 56. I … wrapt it up Parcel by Parcel in Pieces of the Sails.

1792.  Munchhausen’s Trav., x. 34. The sentinels were wrapped up in the arms of Morpheus.

1837.  P. Keith, Bot. Lex., 151. If the wound is covered closely up.

1872–.  [see COVER v. 20].

  21.  Into a state of union, conjunction, or combination; so as to bring together.

  See also GET v. 72 o, MAKE v. 96 f e.

c. 1450.  Lovelich, Merlin, 6117. Thus thanne was knyt vpe the pes.

1553–.  [see GATHER v. 16 b, c, d].

1577.  Holinshed, Chron., I. Descr. Irel., 7/2. How sagely Ireneus claspeth vp all the whole controuersie.

1599.  Shaks., Hen. V., IV. Prol. 13. With busie Hammers closing Riuets vp.

1627.  Earl of Manchester, in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), I. 267. Therefore the remain [of the loan] must needs be got up, which is not past 50,000 l.

1638.  R. Baker, trans. Balzac’s Lett. (vol. II.), 19. If yours were not bound up in one volume with them.

1693.  Humours Town, 16. Those wretched Compounds which make up all your Lives.

1724.  Watts, Logic, II. ii. § 6. A Compound Proposition is made up of two or more Subjects.

1759.  Sterne, Tr. Shandy, I. x. That he could draw up … a hole in his breeches.

1820.  Byron, Mar. Fal., III. i. 43. Your fame, your name, all mingled up in mine.

1846.  Carpenter, Man. Phys., 8. These substances … being made up of three or four elements.

1869.  Mrs. Whitney, We Girls, v. (1874), 101. She could only stitch up a straight slant.

  b.  So as to supply deficiencies, defects, etc.

a. 1568–.  [see MAKE v. 96 c a].

1586–.  [see PIECE v. 8].

1589.  Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, II. xii. (Arb.), 128. A sillable ouerplus to annexe to the word precedent to helpe peece vp another foote.

1596–.  [see FILL v. 17].

1605.  B. Jonson, Volpone, III. vi. My dwarf shall dance, My eunuch sing, my fool make up the antic.

1755.  Johnson, To Supply, to fill up as any deficiencies happen.

1774–.  [see PATCH v. 1].

  22.  To or towards a person or place; so as to approach or arrive.

1362–.  [see COME v. 69 b].

c. 1420.  Anturs of Arth., 345. Ho raykes vp … bifor þe rialle, And halsed sir Arthur.

1599.  Hakluyt, Voy., II. 287. Vp comes toward them the other frigat.

1607.  Shaks., Cor., I. ii. 29. If they set downe before ’s: for the remoue Bring vp your Army.

1659–.  [see GET v. 72 c].

1669.  in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), I. 429. He rid up to meet him.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, I. (Globe), 298. We all mended our Pace, and rid up as fast as the Way … would give us leave.

1730.  Thomson, Autumn, 439. Hot-steaming, up behind him comes again Th’ inhuman rout.

1780.  Mirror, No. 108. The train of Sir Edward brought up their master in the condition I have described.

1797.  Coleridge, Christabel, I. 22. The Spring comes slowly up this way.

1841.  Dickens, Barn. Rudge, lix. She thought … how he would have rode boldly up, and dashed in among these villains.

1878.  T. Hardy, Ret. Native, IV. iii. Leave me before they come up.

  b.  To or towards a particular point or line.

1513.  Douglas, Æneid, XI. xvi. 58. [She] hir hornit bow has bent, Quharin onon the takyll vp is stent; Syne halis vp in ire and felloun haist.

1605–.  [see DRAW v. 89 f].

1864–.  [see LINE v. 8 b].

1865.  Bushnell, Vicar. Sacr., Introd. 16. As if He [sc. Christ] were engaged to even up the score of penalty.

1901.  Munsey’s Mag., XXV. 371/1. To even up my account with his people.

  c.  To or into later life.

1535.  Coverdale, Luke xviii. 21. All these haue I kepte fro my youth vp.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.), I. 235. Frome his barneheid vpp, he was brocht vpp be S. Columba.

c. 1800.  Wordsw., Excurs., I. 53. We were tried Friends: I from my Childhood up Had known him.

1890.  Review of Rev., II. 427/2. It has been so from his youth up.

  d.  So as to find, come upon, overtake, or keep on the track of. (Cf. LOOK v. 45 g–j.)

a. 1622–.  [see FETCH v. 19 g].

1657–.  [see RUN v. 81 h].

1791.  W. Bartram, Carolina, 488. They enter … with a view of … hunting up the sturdy bear.

1794–.  [see FOLLOW v. 21].

1817.  J. Bradbury, Trav., 265. It sometimes happens that he is two days in ‘hunting them [sc. stray hogs] up.’

1868.  Field, 18 July, 49/1. Failing to get quite up, [he] was beaten cleverly by three parts of a length.

1879.  F. Pollok, Sport Brit. Burmah, II. 204. I … hit off the tracks of a large herd of bison and followed them up.

  23.  To a stop or halt.

  See also BRING v. 27 f, g, DRAW v. 89 e, FETCH v. 19 i, PULL v. 31 d, f.

1623.  in Birch, Crt. & Times Jas. I. (1848), II. 392. A man, thinking nothing, pulled up his coach, and so made the horse start a little.

1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1780), To Bring-up, a provincial phrase peculiar to the seamen in the coal-trade, signifying to anchor, &c.

1857.  Ld. Dufferin, Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3), 14. At Kylakin we were obliged to bring up for the night.

1891.  C. Roberts, Adrift Amer., 214. When the river is foggy, the boats have to bring up at night.

1902.  Westm. Gaz., 26 May, 7/3. If all goes well it should fetch up at Sheerness … to-morrow morning.

  III.  With a preposition following.

  24.  Up against —. To knock or run up against, to come across, to fall in with.

1886.  Pall Mall G., 4 Aug., 3/1. Our extradition treaty with the United States has run up against its first snag.

1886.  [see RUN v. 61 b]

1887–.  [see KNOCK v. 16 a].

  25.  Up till —. Up to (in various senses).

c. 1200.  Ormin, 1281. Ȝiff þatt tu forrlangedd arrt To cumenn upp till Criste. Ibid., 11318.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 1606. Iacob … slep and saȝ, fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, A leddre stonden.

1599.  Shaks., Pass. Pil., 382. She, poor bird, as all forlorn, Lean’d her breast up-till a thorn.

1845.  R. Buchanan, in Howie, Scots Worthies, p. xix. Up till that time they had still continued to attend public worship.

1886.  Manch. Exam., 13 Jan., 4/7. Up till now Greece has altogether disregarded the … admonitions.

  26.  Up to —. a. (a) As high or as far as (a specified height or altitude) by ascent or extension.

944.  Charter, in Sweet, A. S. Reader (1908), 58. Andlang dic to ðam weʓe þe scytt up to ðam hricgge.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xxvi. 183. Heofonlic leoht ofer pæt ʓeteld astreht stod up to heofonum.

c. 1122.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1070. Hi … clumben upp to þe stepel.

c. 1200.  Vices & Virtues, 119. He … bar up to heuene ure loac.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 22569 (Edinb.). Op to þe lift ris sal þe se.

13[?].  Coer de L., 4171. The pytte … was feld and fordytte, Up to the bank maad al playn.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 137. A tree … Whos heihte straghte up to the hevene. Ibid., 273. He styh up to his fader.

c. 1430.  Hoccleve, New Ploughman’s T., 114. Shee vp to heuene ascendid up and sty.

c. 1450.  Merlin, i. 15. So it was cristened Merlyn, and was delyuered to the women vpe to the wyndowe to the moder.

1526.  Tindale, John iii. 13. Noo man hath ascended vppe to heven, butt he that cam doune from heven.

a. 1586.  Sidney, De Mornay, i. ¶ 5. Like as from the Earth wee have styed up too the Ayre.

1623.  Gouge, Serm. God’s Provid., § 15. A partition … which reached up to the floore of the garret.

1667.  Milton, P. L., V. 198. Ye Birds, That singing up to Heaven Gate ascend.

1684.  Bunyan, Pilgr., II. (1900), 173. Let the most blessed be my guide … Up to his Holy Hill.

1799.  G. S. Carey, Balnea (ed. 2), 178. Whatever way you approach Ludlow, you find an ascent up to the market-place.

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 491. When the cuttings get up to the glass,… the outer pot can be changed.

1850.  Rossetti, Blessed Damozel, vii. The souls, mounting up to God.

  (b)  As high or as far as (a certain part of the body, containing vessel, penetrating weapon, etc.).

  For the figurative import of the phrases up to the ears, etc., see the sbs. Other figurative phrases denoting completeness or fullness are illustrated under HUB¹ 2, KNOCKER 2 c, NINE sb. 6 b, NOTCH sb. 1 b.

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., John ii. 7. ʓefyldon ða ilca uið to briorde up.

c. 1175.  Lambeth Hom., 47. Ieremie þe prophete stod … in þe uenne up to his muðe.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 96. Hi fuleþ hit vp to þe chynne.

c. 1305.  Land Cokayne, 181. He mot wade … up to þe chynne So he schal þe londe winne.

13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 1594. For þe mon … Hit hym vp to þe hult.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Knt.’s T., 802. Vp to the Anclee foghte they in hir blood.

1388.  Wyclif, John ii. 7. Fille ȝe the pottis with watir. And thei filliden hem, vp to the mouth.

c. 1450.  St. Cuthbert, 1641. With in þe se Vp to þe nek naked stode he.

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, I. xvii. 61. Her horses went in blood vp to the fytlokys.

a. 1553.  [see EAR sb.¹ 1 c].

1590.  W. Webbe, Trav. (Arb.), 32. She might haue gone vp to the mid leg in … mire.

1599.  [see HILT sb. 1 b].

1601.  Shaks., Jul. C., III. i. 107. Let vs bathe our hands in Cæsars blood Vp to the Elbowes.

1607.  Dekker & Marston, Northw. Hoe, IV. ii. Weele draw all our arrowes of reuenge vp to the head.

1616.  [see CHIN sb. 1 d].

1648.  Hexham, II. Tot den Hecht toe, up to the Haft.

1662.  J. Davies, trans. Mandelslo’s Trav., 64. They go bare-breasted, and bare-arm’d up to the Elbows.

1687–.  [see HILT sb. 3].

1790.  Bruce, Source of Nile, I. v. The girls … stand up to their knees in the water for a considerable time.

1808.  Andrew Scott, Poems (ed. 2), 101. Up to the haft at ilka stroke Some clash their hooks.

1825.  Cobbett, Rur. Rides (1830), I. 67. With white aprons and bibs … going from the apron up to the bosom.

1883.  A. Robson, Dead Letter, II. v. Up to our Elbows making Damson Jam.

1884–9.  [see EYE sb.¹ 2 e].

  (c)  Raised or short so as to leave uncovered.

1835.  Lady Dufferin, Charming Woman, 22. Her shoulders are rather too bare, And her gown’s nearly up to her knees.

1868.  Louisa M. Alcott, Little Women, iv. Sometimes she is so bad, her frock is up to ber knees.

  b.  Up towards; aloft in the direction of.

c. 900.  trans. Baeda’s Hist., I. vii. (1890), 38. Albanus … his eaʓan ahof upp to heofonum.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 227. He … mid his eaʓum up to heofenum locade.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. iv. 10. Þines broðor blod clypað up to me of eorðan.

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 187. Deme ðe noȝt wurdi, ðat tu dure loken up to ðe heueneward.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 9342. Ȝoure riȝt honden holdeþ vp to god.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, v. (John), 566. Hevand his handis vpe to þe hevyn.

a. 1425.  Cursor M., 19468 (Trin.). Vp to heuen he helde his honde.

a. 1626–.  [see LOOK v. 45 d].

1719.  Watts, Ps. cxxi. 1. Up to the hills I lift mine eyes.

1845.  Bailey, Festus (ed. 2), 171. Oh! my heart was lift to thee Like a glass up to a star.

1852.  Mrs. Stowe, Uncle Tom’s C., xxvii. But oh, if mas’r could only look up…—up to the dear Lord Jesus!

  c.  So as to reach or arrive at (a particular place or person).

  The precise force of up varies in accordance with sense 6.

  (a)  1516.  in E. Lodge, Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791), I. 15. If I shulde com up to London the next terme.

1518.  in Leadam, Star Chamber Cases (Selden), II. 150. Oder evill disposed persones … ben commyn vp to hym to maynteyn hym.

1592.  Arden of Feversham, I. i. 531. Ile vp to London straight.

1695.  Woodward, Nat. Hist. Earth, I. (1723), 41. When I first brought my Collection of these Things up to London.

1774.  Abigail Adams, in Fam. Lett. (1876), 48. Mr. Hill’s father had some thoughts of removing up to Braintree.

1810.  in Milner, Suppl. Mem. Eng. Cath. (1820), 153. To wait … until Bishop Gibson should come up to town.

1821.  J. H. Newman, Lett. (1891), I. 56. Coming up to Oxford to study.

1889.  ‘J. S. Winter,’ Mrs. Bob, xxvi. In time to catch the next train up to Town.

  (b)  1555.  R. Tomson, in Hakluyt’s Voy. (1600), III. 448. Wee did vnbarke our selues and went on lande vp to the citie or head towne.

1599.  Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, D j. The three riuers that vagary vp to her.

1659–.  [see GET v. 72 c].

1684.  Bunyan, Pilgr., II. (1900), 173. When Christina came up to the Slough of Dispond.

1694.  Lond. Gaz., No. 3023/1. He … could not get up again to the Fleet.

1709.  Tatler, No. 114, ¶ 1. When he came up to me, he took me by the Hand.

1726.  Swift, Gulliver, I. viii. I was forced to swim till I got up to it [sc. the boat].

1806.  A. Duncan, Nelson, 46. He could not get the bomb vessels up to the point of attack.

1823.  Southey, Hist. Penins. War, I. 171. A carriage with six mules drew up to the guard-house.

1888.  F. Hume, Mme. Midas, I. xii. They will never catch up to that horse.

  (b)  As far as (a specified point).

1832.  L. Hunt, Poems, 193. With green up to the door.

1865.  Earle, Sax. Chron., p. xiii. Back into the mists of high mythology,… and so up to Adam.

1875.  Encycl. Brit., III. 637/1. Up to the book of Joshua all three [narratives] run side by side.

1881.  Phil. Trans., CLXXIII. 483. The rostrum is very uniform up to near the front end.

  (c)  Till, until (a specified time).

  In frequent use from c. 1835. Cf. UP-TO-DATE.

1803.  M. Vanzee, Fate, 187. Up to the present time.

1834–6.  Encycl. Metrop. (1845), VIII. 415/2. Up to 1750, he had made about two hundred tons [of zinc].

1849.  Rock, Ch. of Fathers, I. ii. 125. Up to the present day is still kept … this very rubric.

1864.  Lewins, H. M. Mails, 311. Government letters … may be posted, without extra fee, up to the latest moment.

1891.  Meredith, One of our Conq., xxvi. A comprehensible pride … keeps the forsaken man silent up to death.

  ellipt.  1851.  Mrs. Browning, Casa Guidi Wind., I. 993. By councils,—from Nicaea up to Trent.

  (d)  colloq. Before (one’s face).

1862.  Trollope, Orley F., II. 111. She told me so, up to my face.

  (e)  As a task or responsibility upon (a person). Cf. UP adv.² 17 d.

1908.  Julia Frankau (‘Frank Danby’), Heart of Child, xviii. 291. ‘Leave it to his people,’ she said; ‘we’ll let them know what is going on, and put it up to them to take action.’

  d.  So as to reach or attain (a specified point or stage) by action directed to an end.

  See also ACT v. 9 e, COME v. 69 h, KEEP v. 57 i, LIVE v.¹ 4 f.

1611.  Shaks., Wint. T., IV. iv. 544. Your discontenting Father striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking.

1629.  Earle, Microcosm. (Arb.), 81. A verse or some such worke he may sometimes get vp to, but seldome aboue the stature of an Epigram.

1688.  Dryden, trans. Life Xavier, I. 10. To Exhort them to live up to the Rules of Christianity.

1748.  Biog. Brit., II. 1305. He was not unacquainted with the antient rules of Poetry, nor was he incapable of writing up to them.

1751.  F. Coventry, Pompey the Little, II. v. 166. A Country Gentleman, who had lived, as it is called, up to his Income.

1827.  Faraday, Chem. Manip., iv. (1842), 128. Boiling at different temperatures will, of course, communicate heat up to their boiling points.

1834.  J. H. Newman, Par. Serm. (1837), I. xx. 313. Such men do not practise up to their knowledge.

1855.  Poultry Chron., II. 538/2. Without it amateurs scarcely know what points to breed up to.

1908.  Animal Managem., 69. Where horses are called on to work up to their rations.

  (b)  So as to reach by progression or gradual rise.

17[?].  Ramsay, Birth of Drumlanrig, vii. Your Prince, who late Up to the state of manhood run.

1772.  Regul. H.M. Service at Sea, 5. The youngest Officer shall vote first, proceeding in Order up to the President.

1793.  T. Jefferson, Writ. (1830), IV. 482. Money being so flush, the six per cents run up to twenty-one and twenty-two shillings.

  (c)  As many or as much as; including all below (a specified number, etc.).

1892.  Photogr. Ann., II. p. ci. The sizes … up to and including 9 inches focus.

1910.  T. A. Joyce, Handbk. Ethnogr. Coll. Brit. Mus., 259. Good canoes … carrying up to thirty-six men.

  27.  Up with —. (Cf. 30.) a. So as to overtake.

1659.  Nicholas Papers (Camden), IV. 95. 3 Spanish men of warre … who … came vp with vs and fired at vs.

1678–.  [see COME v. 69 c].

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, I. (Globe), 17. Finding the Pirate … would certainly come up with us in a few Hours, we prepar’d to fight.

1761.  Ann. Reg., Chron., 156/2. At five A.M. we got almost up with the chace.

1795.  Nelson, in Nicolas, Disp. (1845), II. 13. As he drew up with the Enemy.

1795.  Ann. Reg., I. 15. The Russians … came up with his rear.

  b.  To put up with: see PUT v.¹ 53 p (b).

  c.  To draw or take up with: see DRAW v. 89 i, TAKE v. 90 z.

  IV.  In elliptic uses.

  28.  a. Used imperatively (with ellipse of verb), as a command or exhortation to action, activity, rising from bed, movement, etc. Cf. UP v. 4.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 2819. Vp loth,… þat ȝee ne be tint wit þis cite.

1535.  Coverdale, Judges iv. 4. Debbora sayde vnto Barak: Vp, this is the daie wherin [etc.].

1579.  Spenser, Sheph. Cal., Nov., 47. Then vp I say,… Let not my small demaund be so contempt.

1595.  Shaks., John, II. i. 295. Vp higher to the plaine, where we’l set forth In best appointment all our Regiments.

1612.  Drayton, Poly-olb., iii. 1. Up with the jocund lark (too long we take our rest).

1617.  Hieron, Wks., II. 315. Dauid … was the first which said, ‘Vp, let vs flie!’

1625.  Sanderson, Serm., I. 131. Up then with the zeal of Phinehas, up for the love of God and of His people.

1669.  Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., I. ii. 18. Up alaft [sic] to the Top-mast-head, and look abroad.

1733.  W. Ellis, Chiltern & Vale Farm., 5. These with the Thistles, and many others when they get the Dominion, is, up Weed and down Corn.

1798.  Wordsw., Tables Turned, 3. Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;… Up! up!

1816.  Scott, Paul’s Lett., 181. ‘Up, Guards, and at them,’ cried the Duke of Wellington.

1827.  Keble, Chr. Y., Advent Sunday, ii. Awake!… Up from your beds of sloth for shame.

  b.  With auxiliary or other verbs: To go or come up; to rise. Also rarely without verb.

  An OE. instance occurs in Genesis, 497.

1535.  Coverdale, Ps. xi[i]. 6. I wil vp (sayeth the Lorde).

1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., IV. i. 114. We will … vp to the Mountaines top.

c. 1630.  Sanderson, Serm., II. 280. He would up therefore to a higher … Judge; and that was the Lord.

1637.  R. Ashley, trans. Malvezzi’s David Persecuted, 205. The great favorites of Princes … fall headlong, they are gone, they cannot up againe.

1647.  N. Bacon, Disc. Govt. Eng., I. lix. 184. Perceiving that the Kings spirit would up againe.

1678.  Luttrell, Brief Rel. (1857), I. 2. On the 9th the king came … and sent for the house of commons up.

1727.  Swift, Imit. Hor., Wks. 1755, III. II. 48. Lewis, the dean will be of use; Send for him up, take no excuse.

1816.  Muir, Minstrelsy, 27 (E.D.D.). Up they till’t like twa game cocks.

  29.  Followed by a noun in objective relationship to a verb omitted (e.g., hold, raise, pull, etc.). Orig. only with imperative force; now freq. in other uses and tending to assume the function of a verb. (Cf. UP v. 3–4.)

c. 1384.  Chaucer, H. Fame, II. 1021. Now vp the hede for alle ys wele.

1628.  Rutherford, Lett. (1664), 425. Courage, up your heart.

a. 1751.  in A. Whitelaw, Bk. Sc. Song (1866), 29. She rants up some fule-sang, like, Up your heart, Charlie!

1823.  Scott, Quentin D., xxii. Up heart, master, or we are but gone men.

1828.  Col. Hawker, Diary (1893), I. 343. I ‘up gun’ and down came a bird.

1853.  Kane, Grinnell Exped., xxx. (1856), 264. When the weather is very cold, I up hood.

1854.  F. W. Mant, Midshipman, 88. So that I am free to up stick and away.

1891.  Kipling, Light that Failed, viii. He wants to up-stakes and move out.

  Naut.  1829.  Marryat, F. Mildmay, xxiii. We agreed to up helm. Ibid. (1832), N. Forster, x. As soon as the jolly-boat comes on board we’ll up anchor. Ibid. (1834), P. Simple, III. 286. She up courses and took in her topgallant sails.

1840, 1859.  [see HELM sb.¹ 1 c].

1859.  Bartlett, Dict. Amer. (ed. 2), To up jib, to be off. A sailor’s phrase.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., 707–8. Up anchor…. Up boats!… Up courses!… Up screw!

1893.  McCarthy, in Westm. Gaz., 9 March, 5/1. That moment he and his companions would up steam and make for the shores of Gloria.

  30.  Up with (also † mid) —. (Cf. 27.) a. Denoting the raising of a weapon, the hand, etc., esp. so as to strike. (Cf. UP v. 7 b.)

c. 1275.  Lay., 23931. Arthur vp mid his spere … and pungde vppen Frolle.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), IV. 355. Judas … up wiþ a stoon and smoot Ruben on þe hede.

c. 1400.  Gamelyn, 535. Gamelyn vp with his staff … And girt him in þe nek.

c. 1450.  Knt. de la Tour, xix. 27. Her husbonde up with his fust, and gaue her .ij. or .iij. gret strokes.

1584.  in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ., V. 82. The Earle … up with his fiste and gave the poore man a great blow upon the face.

1610.  Healey, St. Aug. Citie of God, XVIII. xiv. 688. Hercules … one time vp with his harpe and knockt out his maisters braynes.

1689.  Hickeringill, Ceremony-Monger, Concl. iii. He up with his foot, and kick’t it off from the King’s Head.

1704.  Swift, T. Tub, xi. He would down with his knees, up with his eyes, and fall to prayers.

1885.  Stevenson, Pr. Otto, I. ii. Otto … up with his whip and thrashed him.

1893.  Daily Tel., 17 July, 6/4. She ‘up with her fist.’

  b.  Denoting erecting, raising, drawing or pulling up, etc. Chiefly in imperative use. Also Up with you! = rise, get up.

c. 1377.  in Minor Poems Vernon MS., 718/99. I ou rede … Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And mayntene him boþe heiȝe and lowe.

c. 1460.  Towneley Myst. xxiii. 215. Vp with the tymbre [= cross].

1594.  Shaks., Rich. III., V. iii. 7. Vp with my Tent, heere wil I lye to night!

a. 1596.  Sir T. More, II. iii. 24. Vpp with the drawbridge, gather som forces To Cornhill.

1645.  J. Fary, God’s Severity, 26. Can it … be endured that a tree should stand, yeelding no increase?… No, the good husband-man will up with it.

1816.  Byron, Siege of Cor., xxii. Alla Hu! Up to the skies with that wild halloo!

1857.  Hughes, Tom Brown, I. vi. ‘Let’s toss two of them together.’… ‘Up with another one.’

1863.  A. Young, Naut. Dict. (ed. 2), 432. Up with the helm.

  (b)  1809.  Malkin, Gil Blas, VI. i. ¶ 9. Up with you! up with you! was the alarum of … Ambrose.

1846.  Mrs. A. Marsh, Father Darcy, II. iii. 81. Up, up, with you, my master, and it please you.

  c.  To drink off, consume.

1542.  Udall, Erasm. Apoph., 30. He demaunded, how that medeicine was to be taken?… The seruaunte had aunswered, that he must vp with it all at a draught.

  d.  To ‘come out’ with, to utter or sing (something).

1594.  Nashe, Unfort. Trav., A 3 b. He bad me declare my minde…. I vp with a long circumstaunce … and discourst vnto him what [etc.].

1688.  R. L’Estrange, Erasm. Colloq., 190. Then Fawn up with his story, and tells him [etc.].

1766.  Goldsm., Vicar, xvii. ‘He has taught that song to our Dick.’… ‘Then let us have it:… let him up with it boldly.’

  e.  Denoting support or advocacy of a person or thing. † To be up with, to commend, praise, laud, extol. Obs.

1592.  Nashe, P. Pennilesse, D i. They … run their words at random,… and are vppe with this man and that man. Ibid. (1599), Lenten Stuffe, D 4 b. One is vp with the excellence of the browne bill and the long bowe: another [etc.].

1643.  Trapp, Comm. Gen. xxxi. 44. Laban likewise talks a great deal here; and is up with the more, and down with the less, (as they say).

a. 1792.  in Statist. Acc. Scotl., II. 436. That song, ‘Up with the souters of Selkirk, and down with the Earl of Hume.’

1815.  Scott, Guy M., vi. After some clubs had drunk Up with this statesman, and others Down with him.

  Comb.  1902.  G. K. Menzies, Prov. Sk., 105. A ‘down-with-the-Lords’ young man, An up-with-myself young man.

  31.  Up and —, denoting the act of rising or starting up, accompanied by subsequent action.

13[?].  Sir Orfeo, 96 (A.). Ac euer sche held in o cri, And wold vp and owy.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, III. 548. Pandare vp and … straught a morwe vn-to his nece wente.

1542.  Udall, Erasm. Apoph., 180 b. Achilles … vp and gaue hym suche a cuff on the eare, that he slewe hym.

1682.  Bunyan, Holy War, 240. At the sound of their feet he would up and run, and meet them half way.

1838.  Dickens, O. Twist, xxxi. Why didn’t you up, and collar him?

1894.  Astley, 50 Years Life, II. 258. Refreshed, I up and plod on again.

  b.  With verbs of speaking or saying, implying a sudden or open declaration.

1548.  Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 13–24. Thei … vp & declare at large vnto Jesus the summe of al y^e wholle matier.

1562.  T. Wilson, Rhet. (ed. 2), 79. The Italian vp and tolde him all.

1611.  Middleton & Dekker, Roaring Girle, I 1. He forswore all, I vp and opened all.

a. 1639.  W. Whateley, Prototypes, II. xxxi. (1640), 111. For the man … up and told them all that had fallen out.

1702.  W. J., trans. Bruyn’s Voy. Levant, xlvi. 181. Whereupon she up and told him all that had passed between them.

1836–7.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Mr. W. Tottle, ii. He seed her several times, and then he up and said he’d keep company with her.

1880.  Mrs. R. O’Reilly, Sussex Stories, I. 239. She’ll up and speak to the gentry themselves.

1891.  ‘R. Boldrewood,’ Sydney-side Sax., Introd. I wonder what he would say if I up and asked him for Miss Cissie.