Forms: 1 stód, stood, 3 stude, 3–7 stode, 4–7 stod, 5 stoode, 5–6 studde, 5–7 Sc. stuid, 6 sstoode, stoude, stude, 7 stood, 7–8 studd, 7– stud. [OE. stód neut., corresponds (exc. in declension and gender) to MLG. stôt, stôd-, OHG. stuot fem. stud of horses (MHG. stuot stud, mare, mod.G, stute mare), ON. stóð neut. stud of mares (Da. stod stud of 12 horses; MSw. stôþ neut. stud of mares; mod.Sw. sto mare):—OTeut. *stōđo-m, *stōđō, f. root *stō-: *sta-: see STAND v. Cf. OSl. stado, Lith. stódas stud of horses. The change of OE. ó before d into (v) is paralleled in blood, flood.]
1. An establishment in which stallions and mares are kept for breeding. Also, the stallions and mares kept in such an establishment.
c. 1000. Ælfric, Gloss., in Wr.-Wülcker, 119/39. Equartium, stood.
c. 1000. Will of Ælfhelm, in Kemble, Cod. Dipl., IV. 300. Ic ʓean minum wife healfes ðæs stodes æt Trostingtune and minum ʓeferan healfes ðe me mid ridað.
c. 1250. Owl & Night., 495. Þe sulue stottes yne þe stode Beþ boþe wilde and marewode.
1390. Gower, Conf., III. 204. Unto his horsfulofte he yaf The men in stede of corn and chaf, So that the hors of thilke stod Devoureden the mennes blod.
1614. Sir R. Boyle, in Lismore Papers (1886), I. 51. Given Dick Dalton a young gelding of my stood.
1710. Lond. Gaz., No. 4709/4. Richard Marshall, Esq: Master of her Majesty’s Studd.
1725. Bradley’s Family Dict., Studd, a place where Stallions and Mares are kept to propagate their Kind; or else the Word signifies the Stallions and breeding Mares themselves.
1831. Sir J. Sinclair, Corr., II. 212. A respectable Danish gentleman, Sir Frederick Nielson, who was the master of his Danish Majesty’s Stud, came to Scotland, in 1824.
1851. ‘Cecil,’ Stud Farm, 43. It may sometimes occur with blood stock that cannot race,… that no occupation can be found for them, and thus they find their way into the stud.
1876. Voyle & Stevenson, Milit. Dict., 412/2. Stud, a place where horses are bred or kept. In England, the government does not, under this name, possess any such establishment.
1898. Seton-Karr, Ld. Cornwallis, v. 115. A third [order] establishes a Government Stud in the district of Tirhút.
† b. A collection of mares (also, rarely, of stallions) kept for breeding. Obs.
c. 1340. Nominale (Skeat), 770. Vn harasse de poleyns, A stode of coltes.
a. 1400. Sir Perc., 326. He sawe a fulle faire stode Offe coltes and of meres gude.
c. 1452. MS. Egerton, 1995, in Trans. Philol. Soc., 1907–10, III. 52. A Stoode of marys.
c. 1532. Du Wes, Introd. Fr., in Palsgr., 916. Stoude of stalons, haras destalons.
1537. Darcy, in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden), 158. The kynges hyenes is att greatt charge with his sstoodes off mares att Thornbery and other placys.
1547. Acts Privy Council (1890), II. 86. The wages of divers persons having custodie of a studde or race of mares.
1607. Markham, Caval., I. 29. I … would wish no … man … to preserue his Mares longer in his studd, then from three yeares old till ten.
† c. A breed, race (of horses); also transf. Obs.
c. 1308. Song on the Times, in Pol. Songs (1839), 201. Sei thou me, asse, wat hast i-do? Me thenchith thou cannist no gode…. Thou come of lither stode.
1536. Bellenden, Cron. Scot. (1821), I. p. cvi. (Proheme viii.) The awfull churle is of ane othir strind. Thoucht he be borne to vilest servitude, Thair may na gentrice sink into his mind…. The bludy wolf is of the samin stude: He feris gret beistis, and ragis on the small.
1557. Phaër, Æneid, VII. (1558), T ij b. Coursers … Engendryd of that race, whom Cyrces liuely did inuent To mixe with mortall studdes.
† 2. Used for: Horses. Obs.
c. 1305. Land Cokaygne, 35. Þer nis schepe no swine no gote … Nother harate [read harace], nother stode. Þe lond is ful of oþer gode.
c. 1325. Chron. Eng., 840, in Ritson, Metr. Rom., II. 305. For that tresoun that hy dude Hy were to-drawen wythe stude.
1422. Yonge, trans. Secreta Secret., 204. Alle the most Inly … tounes of leys, wyth moche of hare stode and har cornes,… he braunt and destruyet.
3. In early use: The horses bred by and belonging to one person. In later use: A number of horses (esp. race-horses or hunters) belonging to one owner.
a. 1661. Fuller, Worthies, Yorks. (1662), 187. Whereas a Stud of Horses bred in foggy fenny ground … have often a Fen in their feet, being soft and soon subject to be foundred.
1690. Lond. Gaz., No. 2588/4. The Stud or Breed of Horses, late belonging to Sutton Oglethorpe Esq;… are now to be disposed of there.
1740. Richardson, Pamela (1824), I. 104. After my master had dined, he took a turn into his stables to look at his stud of horses.
1814. Scott, Wav., xxv. Sir Everard’s letters … seldom concluded without some allusion to our hero’s stud.
1846. Ld. G. Bentinck, Lett., 18 Aug., in Daily Tel. (1883), 10 July, 5/3. Mr. Mostyn has purchased my stud.
1858. Ld. J. Russell, in Ld. E. Fitzmaurice, Life Ld. Granville (1905), I. 321. There are various speculations as to Derby’s selling his stud; the most natural and the probable one is that his horses are not very good.
1863. W. C. Baldwin, Afr. Hunting, viii. 308. My stud is now reduced to three…. All my Natal nags are dead.
1910. Goldw. Smith, Remin., ii. 22. He kept a hunting stud to the last, though he could ride no farther than the cover-side.
punningly. 1821. Lamb, Elia, Ser. I. Witches & Night-fears. I confess an occasional night-mare: but I do not, as in early youth, keep a stud of them.
b. transf. A collection of animals of a particular kind (esp. of dogs) belonging to one person; also sometimes jocularly applied to a staff or body of persons of some particular class or function. Also, in recent use, a number of motor-cars belonging to one person.
1798. J. Lawrence, Treat. Horse, II. 19. I am as fond of playing with my cat, as ever was … Crebillion, who kept so large a stud of them.
1804. Europ. Mag., XLV. 365/2. This Gentleman … has a stud of beauties the representatives of those of former times, Mary Queen of Scots, Ann Bulleyn, Fair Rosamond, [etc.].
1813. Sporting Mag., XLI. 172. A gentleman in Hampshire,… having a large stud of sows. Ibid. (1828), N.S. XXI. 187. The symmetry … exhibited by some of the studs of greyhounds.
1833. Nyren, Yng. Cricketer’s Tutor (1902), 75. These four were our tip-top men, and I think such another stud was not to be matched in the whole kingdom, either before or since.
1854. Poultry Chron., I. 527. I had last year, a good stud of Partridge Cochins, which produced good chickens.
1899. G. J. Larner, in 19th Cent., May, 816. Knowing the difficulties one meets with before one possesses a stud of reliable homers.
1907. Motoring Illustr., 16 March, 79/1. King Edward never goes on his travels unless accompanied by one or more of his numerous stud of motor-cars.
1908. Advt., Fine stud of motor-cars for hire.
4. † a. [Short for STUD-MARE: cf. G. stute, Sw. sto.] A mare kept for breeding. Sc. Obs. rare.
c. 1480. Henryson, Trial of Fox, xxix. Ga, mak ane message sone vnto that stuid. [Cf. ante xxviii. Thay said, ‘Nane, except ane stuid gray meir.’]
1570. Buchanan, Admonit., Wks. (1892), 3. Thay blamit opinlie the regent that reservit the quene … as yai said … to be ane stude to cast ma folis.
b. U.S. [Short for STUD-HORSE.] A stallion.
1803. M. Cutler, in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888), II. 142. The famous white stud, an Arabian horse, called the Dey of Algiers, on the ground.
1807. P. Gass, Jrnl., 201. Remained here all day and had a great deal of trouble with our horses, as they are all studs, and break almost every rope we can raise.
1892. C. Roberts, Adrift Amer., 183. He was a stud, and as fine a horse of his class as I ever saw.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) stud department, -farm, -keeper, -park; denoting animals kept for breeding, as stud-greyhound, -hound, -sheep, (sense 3) stud sale. Also stud-book, a book giving the pedigree of thoroughbred horses; also, in recent use, a similar book relating to dogs or occasionally to other animals valued for pedigree; stud-bred Anglo-Indian, a horse bred in the government stud; † stud-fold, an enclosure in which brood-mares are pastured; stud-groom, the head groom attached to a stud; † stud-herd, the servant in charge of a stud; stud-house, a building for the accommodation of a stud; also, in England, the name of the official residence of the Master of the Horse at Hampton Court; studman, a servant attached to the stud; stud-poker = stud-horse poker (see STUD-HORSE 2); studsman, a horse-breeder. Also STUD-HORSE, STUD-MARE.
1803. (title) The General *Stud Book, containing pedigrees of race horses, &c. &c. from the restoration to the present time.
1897. Encycl. Sport, I. 210. Stud Book, the official registry of running and breeding greyhounds.
1906. (title) The United States Register and Studbook for Cats.
1879. Mrs. A. E. James, Ind. Househ. Managem., 69. These *stud-breds were then in good demand.
1886. Kipling, Departm. Ditties, etc. (1899), 99. Ah! stud-bred of ill-omen.
1876. Voyle & Stevenson, Milit. Dict., 413/1. Officers of the army specially appointed, belonging to the *stud department.
1833. Q. Rev., XLIX. 423. His lordship has also at his *stud-farm, in Derbyshire, the renowned horses Priam and Zinganee.
c. 950. Boundaries of Baddanburh, in Kemble, Cod. Dipl., VI. 213. Of ðam wylle on ðone *stodfald.
1558. Exch. Rolls Scot., XIX. 62. [48s.] de firmis domus tecte tegulis et stodfaldis.
1868. Field, 4 July, 21/2. Advt., *Stud Greyhounds.
1737. J. Chamberlayne, St. Gt. Brit., II. (ed. 33), 241. At Hampton Court, 2 *Studd Grooms.
1833. Q. Rev., XLIX. 385. Mr. Place, stud-groom to Cromwell, was a conspicuous character of those days.
1884. Law Rep., 13 Q. B. Div. 621. No one would think of requiring a stud-groom to groom cart horses.
1853. R. S. Surtees, Sponge’s Sp. Tour, vi. (1893), 31. Leather … turned out in a very stud-groomish-looking, basket-buttoned, brown cut-away.
1458. Mem. Fountains (Surtees), 252. (Nomina famulorum) Rob. West, *studherd.
1826. J. Cook, Fox-hunting, 227. *Stud hounds.
1829. Sporting Mag., XXIV. 221. The great Ducal *stud-house at Florence is a fine and spacious building.
1911. Mrs. Stirling, in 19th Cent., Sept., 541. The King was dining with Lord and Lady Albemarle at the Stud House, Hampton Court.
1569. Ir. Act 11 Eliz., c. 7 (1621), 331. Nor shall as a Captaine … lake or exacte for the finding of him or them their Horsemen, Footemen … *Stodekeepers, Officers, or adherentes … any kinde of Exaction.
1545. in Lett. & Papers Hen. VIII. (1907), XX. II. 515. Matt. de Mantua, *studman, 4l. 11s. 3d.
1875. R. H. R., Rambles in Istria, 58. A *stud-park which the Emperor of Austria keeps in this part of his dominions.
1882. Poker; how to play it, 75. *Stud Poker … is played in this manner.
1854. Surtees, Handley Cr., lx. (1901), II. 145. Advertisements were inserted in all the papers,… headed ‘Great *Stud Sale.’
1908. Chamb. Jrnl., Nov., 704/1. Australian flock-owners are willing to pay enormous prices … for Tasmanian *stud-sheep.
1902. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, Thoroughbreds, 16. Few graziers and no *studsmen can recognise this dangerous fungus in their paddocks.
