v. Now Sc. and north. dial. Forms: see below. [Com. Teut.: OE. cýðan (ME. cüþen, kyþen, kiþen, keþen) = OFris. ketha, keda, OS. kûðian; MLG. kunden, MDu. conden, (Du. (ver)konden), f. *kundian = OHG. chundian, chunden (MHG. kunden, künden, G. künden), ON. kynna, Goth. *kunþjan (cf. gasvikunþjan):—OTeut. *kunþjan, f. kunþ-, known, COUTH.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
1. Pres. t. α. 1 cýðu, cýðe, 1–2 kýðe, kýþe, 3–5 kyþe, kiþe, 4–9 kythe, kithe, (4 kiþ, kyeth, 4–6 kith, 4–8 kyth, 5–6 kyith, 6 keyth, kaithe); 3rd pers. sing. 1 cyþ, 2–3 kyþ, 3 ciþ, kiþ. β. 2–4 cuþe, kuþe, cuiþe, 4–5 cuyþe, kuyþe, kuiþe, (4 couth); 3rd pers. sing. 3 cuþ. γ. 4 keþe, kethe, keth.
α. c. 825. Vesp. Psalter xlix. [l.] 7. Ic cyðu ðe ðætte god god ðin ic eam.
c. 1000. Ags. Gosp., Matt. xxviii. 10. Farað and cyðað minum ʓebroþrum.
c. 1160. Hatton Gosp. (ibid.). Fareð and kyðeð mine ȝebroðre.
c. 1200. Trin. Coll. Hom., 59. Þat he cið on alle wise. Ibid., 139. To kiðen cristes to cume.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 12164. Nathing wald yee to me kyth [v.rr. kiþe, kiþ]. Ibid., 22737. His come to kyeth.
c. 1385. Chaucer, L. G. W., 912, Thisbe. I schal a-non it kythe.
c. 1475. Rauf Coilȝear, 107. Kyith I am cummin hame.
1486. Bk. St. Albans, E vij b. That he wolde hym kith.
1530. Lyndesay, Test. Papyngo, 128. To keyth hir craftynes.
1573. Satir. Poems Reform., xli. 34. Thair ioukers durst not kyith thair cure.
1594. Battell Balrinness, in Scot. Poems 16th C., II. 349. Giue he into this countrie kaithe [rhyme blaithe].
β. c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 109. His leoman him cuþað þet he ne bið quic longe.
c. 1200. Trin. Coll. Hom., 181. Ðat child … cuð mid his wope.
a. 1240. Lofsong, in Cott. Hom., 215. Cuið in me hwat is milce.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 2963. Cuþeþ nouþe þat ȝe beþ men [v.rr. Kithe, Cuyþe].
c. 1320. Cast. Love, 590. Þat so muche loue hi kuiþe wolde.
1377. Langl., P. Pl., B. V. 181. I couth [v.r. kiþe] it in owre cloistre þat al owre couent wote it.
γ. c. 1315. Shoreham, 7. God þorwe miracles keþeþ hit. Ibid., 20. To keþen ous hiis ryche.
c. 1330. Arth. & Merl. 2131. Merlin … bad him orpedliche he schuld kethe [rhyme dethe].
c. 1375. Sc. Leg. Saints, vii. (Jacobus minor), 387. For-þi þi craite þu keth one me, And waryse myn Infyrmyte.
2. Pa. t. α. 1 cýðde, 1–2 cydde, 2, 4–5 kydde, 3–6 kidde, (3–4 kidd), 4–5 kydd(e, kyd, 4–6 kid, (5–6 kyde); 4 kiþed, -id, kyþed, (4–6 -it, -yt, -yd), 4– kythed, kithed. β. 2–4 cudde, 3–4 kudde, 4 kud. γ. 3–5 kedde, 4 Sc. kethit.
α. a. 900. Cynewulf, Crist, 65. [Hi] Cyðdon cristes ʓebyrd.
c. 1000. Ags. Gosp., Matt. viii. 33. Ða hyrdas … cyddon [c. 1120 Hatton Gosp. kydden] ealle þas þing.
a. 1175. Cott. Hom., 227. Se ængel … cydde hyre þat godes sune sceolde beon acenned of hire.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 1394. Rebecca … kidd it to hire broðer.
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 281. Þe werre bigan, and kid it so couth.
c. 1350. Will. Palerne, 5287. Þe … messangers … kiþed here arnd.
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), IV. 411. He turned to and kydde [v.r. kudde] al the myght of his wicche craft.
1535. Stewart, Cron. Scot., II. 100. The grit wonder and miraclis that tha kid.
1560. Rolland, Crt. Venus, II. 790. Sen ȝe on me befoir kyde sic kindnes.
1637–50. Row, Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.), 438. He kythed such great gifts.
β. c. 1200. Trin. Coll. Hom., 35. Þe engel cudde þe herdes … þat þe helende was … iboren.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 2379. Þere he kudde wat he was.
1387. Kudde [see α].
γ. c. 1200. Moral Ode, 193 (Trin. MS.). Muchel luue he us kedde.
c. 1330. Arth. & Merl., 3910. Thai kedden her noble might.
c. 1375. Sc. Leg. Saints, xii. (Mathias), 232. Þat kethit wele þat he was meke.
c. 1460. Launfal, 580. Gyfre kedde he was good at nede.
3. Pa. pple. α. 1 ʓe)cýþed, 4 i-kid, (kide, keid), 4–5 y-kyd, y-kidde, kyd, kydd(e, kidd(e, kid, 5 y-kydde, y-kid, kyde, (kyth, 6 kyith); 4–9 kythed, kithed, 5–6 -it, 6 -yd, kyithit. β. 3 ikudd, 3–5 kud, 4–5 icud, ikud, ykud. γ. 4 ked, 5 kedd(e.
α. c. 900. trans. Bæda’s Hist., V. xvii. [xix.] (1890), 460. Eallra heora dome wæs cyþed, þæt [etc.].
c. 1000. Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, IV. 348. Þæt heo næfre on hire life ʓecyðed wære.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 6609. It sal be kydd [v.r. kidd].
c. 1300. Havelok, 1060. It was loude kid.
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VII. 393. He hadde y-kyd [v.rr. kidde, ykud, kydde] his woodnesse.
c. 1460. Pol., Rel. & L. Poems, 254. Cowþe ykid in euery cost.
c. 1470. Harding, Chron. XXXIX. xii. Vnto no manne was it kyde [rhyme hid].
1528. Lyndesay, The Dreme, 1050. Dame Fortune … hes lairglie kyith on the hir cure.
a. 1529. Skelton, Poems agst. Garnesche, 8. What, have ye kythyd yow a knyght?
1567. Gude & Godlie Ball. (S.T.S.), 46. Christ hes vs kyithit greit conforting.
1640. R. Baillie, Canterb. Self-Convict., 33. Their is scarce any member great or small in this monster, whereto the faction hath not kythed too passionat a love.
β. a. 1225. Juliana, 24. Hit were sone iseid þe keiser ant ikudd to þe kinge.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 1328. He miȝte abbe … ikud me loue.
1387. Ykud [see α].
γ. c. 1430. Syr Tryam., 1386. But they be kedd.
B. Signification.
1. trans. To make known. † a. To make known in words; to announce, proclaim, declare, tell. (With simple obj. or obj. clause.) Obs.
c. 725. Corpus Gloss., 1150. Intimandum, to cyðenne.
c. 1000. Ags. Gosp., John xvii. 26. Ic him cyðde ðinne naman & ʓyt wylle cyþan.
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 117. Þat þu … mine speche heom cuðe.
c. 1200. Ormin, 632. He comm dun wiþþ Godess word, To kiþenn itt onn eorþe.
c. 1330. King of Tars, 341. Heore sorwe couthe no mon kithe.
c. 1450. Holland, Howlat, 235. Confess cleir can I nocht, nor kyth all the cass.
1530. Palsgr., 599/1. I kythe, I shewe or declare a thyng, as he kytheth from whence I am (Lydgate), je demonstre. This terme is nat vsed in comen spetche.
b. To make known by action, appearance, etc.; to manifest, show, prove, demonstrate, indicate. (With simple obj., obj. clause, or obj. and compl.) Also refl.
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 99. Elches monnes weorc cuðað [printed cuðan] hwilc gast hinc wissað.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 13983. Iesus … mani a-pert meracle did, Quar-wit to mankind he him kid.
c. 1385. Chaucer, L. G. W., Prol. 492. Sche kytheth what she is.
c. 1460. Towneley Myst., i. 45. Trees to florish & frute furth bryng, Thare kynde that it be kyd.
1515. Scot. Field, in Chetham Misc. (1856), II. Introd. p. xii. He kidde himselfe no coward.
1640–1. Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855), 156. They bothe … did kythe thameselffes enemeis to the gude caus.
a. 1734. Wodrow, Sel. Biogr. (1845), I. 100 (E. D. D.). He began to kyth his sickness the first of March.
1785. Burns, Halloween, iii. Their faces blythe, fu’ sweetly kythe Hearts leal, an’ warm, an’ kin.
[1822. Scott, Nigel, v. It would have kythed Cellini mad, had he never done ony thing else out of the gate.]
c. To make manifest to the sight, to show, exhibit, discover; refl. to show oneself, appear.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 5098. Wanne þe relikes of halwen yfounde were and ykud.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 13095. Hu lang siþe Sal he him hide and not kiþe.
c. 1330. Arth. & Merl., 3869. The other no might ben y-kidde Behinden hem thai werren y-hidde.
1508. Dunbar, Tua Mariit Wemen, 433. As the new mone … Kythis quhilis her cleir face, through cluddis of sable.
1594. Jas. VI., Let. Q. Eliz., 13 April, in Tytler, Hist. Scot. (1864), IV. 216. Ever plainliest kything himself where greatest confluence of people was.
1846. W. Drummond, Muckomachy, 68 (E.D.D.). When the moon begoud to keek From Thetis’ rim and kythe her disk.
2. intr. for refl. To show oneself or itself, come forth to sight; to manifest or display itself; to become known; to appear.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 4276 (Cott.). Luken luue at þe end wil kith. Ibid., 11416 (Gött.). Þe last þis stern it kid.
1535. Stewart, Cron. Scot., I. 18. The langer ay the better it did kyth.
1585. Papers Jas. Carmichael, in Wodrow Soc. Misc., 430. Our true humility shall appear, and the fruit of our forming to that work kythe.
c. 1635. W. Scot, Apol. Narrat. (Wodrow Soc.), 80. They were insisting with his Majesty to kythe in action against the forfaulted Earles.
1821. Galt, Ann. Parish, xii. (1895), 83. A kindly spirit, which would sometimes kythe in actions of charity.
1822. Blackw. Mag., XII. 309. In what colours other ladies intended to kithe before Majesty.
1829. Hogg, ibid. XXV. 750. The evening star kithed like a gem.
1862. in Hislop’s Prov. Scot., 108. If you loe me, let it kythe.
b. with compl. To show oneself or itself in some specified aspect; to appear, seem or prove to be.
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 240. With Leulyn gan he kith to be þe kynges traytour.
1513. Douglas, Æneis, I. vi. 167. Hir habeit fell down couering to hir feit, And … ane verray god did hir kith.
1565. Sc. Metr. Ps. xviii. 26. Pure to the pure, froward thou kythst Unto the froward wight.
1637–50. Row, Hist. Kirk (1842), 169. Such as hes kythed favourers of the forefeited rebells.
a. 1639. Spottiswood, Hist. Ch. Scot., II. (1677), 89. Nor did any kithe so foolish as the Priests.
[1818. Scott, Hrt. Midl., xii. It kythes bright to the ee, because all is dark around it.]
† 3. trans. To exhibit, display or manifest practically (a feeling, quality, capacity, etc.); hence, to exercise, practise, perform, do. Obs.
Beowulf, 2695. Andlongne eorl ellen cyðan.
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 153. Mildheortnesse God kudde monne.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 1297. Þer hii kudde hor prowesse.
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 132. Warre on him gan he kithe.
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), II. 341. He kydde his tyrauntyse on his gestes.
c. 1440. York Myst., xl. 149. I thanke youe of þis kyndinesse ȝe kydde me.
1500–20. Dunbar, Poems, xxviii. 37. In erd ȝe kyth sic mirakillis heir.
1613. W. Browne, Sheph. Pipe, i. (1869), 187. Your bountee on me kythe.
1641. R. Baillie, Parall. of Liturgy with Mass-bk., 77. None of all the reformed Churches have kythed more zeale against Images.
1724. in Ramsay, Tea-t. Misc. (1733), II. 164. Well can my Jocky kyth His love and courtesy.
† 4. To acknowledge, confess, own; to recognize. (With simple obj. or obj. and compl.) Obs.
c. 1000. Ags. Gosp., Matt. x. 32. Ælcne … þe me cyð beforan mannun, ic cyðe hyne beforan minum fæder [c. 1160 Hatton Gosp. kyð, ic kyðe].
13[?]. E. E. Allit. P., B. 1368. Vche duk … Schulde com to his court to kyþe hym for lege.
c. 1374. Chaucer, Anel. & Arc., 231. He … his trouthe me had iplyght, For everemore hys lady me to kythe.
c. 1425. Wyntoun, Cron., VI. vi. 16. Nane persayvyd hyr woman Bot all kythyd hyr as man.
1570. Levins, Manip., 152/3. Kythe, acknowledge, agnoscere.
1613. Jackson, Creed, I. viii. § 1. That the sons of Isaac and Ishmael … should kithe each other with as little scruple as if they were full cousin germans.
5. Pa. pple. kid, kyd, i-kyd, etc. Made known, declared; hence, Known, well known, famed, renowned; with compl. Well-known as…, acknowledged to be…. (See also KID ppl. a.)
a. 1225. Ancr. R., 64. Heo … wolde … sone beon mit te wise icud [v.rr. cuððet, icuððet] and icnowen.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 1929. Seint eleine ys moder þat wis was wide ikud [v.rr. ykud, kydde, kud].
c. 1350. Will. Palerne, 110. Komen was he of kun þat kud was ful nobul.
c. 1380. Sir Ferumb., 274. In many a lond my name ys kud aboute.
c. 1386. Chaucer, Merch. T., 699. That ye nat discouere me; For I am deed, if that this thyng be kyd.
c. 1450. Holland, Howlat, 504. Throwout Cristindome kid War the deidis that he did.
1486. Bk. St. Albans, E iv b. The Robucke as hit is weele kyde At holyrode day he gooth to Ryde.
