With prep. (adv., conj.)

Forms: 1–3 wið, 1–5 wiþ, 3–5 wyþ, wit, wid, 4–5 wyt, 4–6 wyth(t, withe, (3 wyd, wiz, wih’, Orm. wiþþ, 3–5 wiht, 4 witt, wiȝt(h, wyht, wyȝt, whiþ, Sc. vith, 4–5 whit, 5 wyt(t)he, whyt(h, whith, witȝ, weþ, Sc. wygh(e, wyghte, wycht, 6 wight, witht, Sc. vitht, quhit, wutht, 7–9 n. dial. wud, 8–9 Sc. and n. dial. wi’, 9 dial. wiv, way), 2– with; abbreviated 4–7 w^t, 5–7 w^th (6 wth). [OE. wið OFris. with, OS. wið, ON. við (Sw. vid, Da. ved): app. a shortening (peculiar to the Anglo-Frisian and Scandinavian areas) of the Com. Teut. *wider- (see s.v. WITHER a. and adv. and WITHER-¹), perh. taking place orig. in compounds (cf. WITH- and the parallelism of OE. wiþcéosan and wiþercéosan to reject, wiþstandan and wiþerstandan to withstand, etc.).

  As an adv., with occurs as the second element in composition with other advs. denoting direction, motion or extension: FORWITH (FOROUTH, FORROW), FORTHWITH, INWITH, OUTWITH (UTOUTH), DOWNWITH, UPWITH.]

  The prevailing senses of this prep. in the earliest periods are those of opposition (‘against’) and of motion or rest in proximity (‘towards,’ ‘alongside’), which are now current only in certain traditional collocations or specific applications. These notions readily pass into fig. uses denoting various kinds of relations, among which those implying reciprocity are at first prominent. The most remarkable development in the signification of with consists in its having taken over in the ME. period the chief senses belonging properly to OE. mid MID prep.¹ (cognate with Gr. μετά with). These senses are mainly those denoting association, combination or union, instrumentality or means, and attendant circumstance. These are all important senses of ON. við, to which fact their currency and ultimate predominance in the English word are partly due. The last important stage was the extension of with from the instrument to the agent, in which use it was current for different periods along with of and through, and later with by, which finally superseded the other three. The range of meanings in general has no doubt been enlarged by association with L. cum. The interaction of senses and sense-groups has been such that the position of a particular sense in the order of development is often difficult to determine.

  In common with other preps. with can be postponed to the end of an interrogative or relative clause introduced by its regimen; but in ME. it was freq. placed immediately after the verb in relative clauses, e.g., þes rentis þat þe fend haþ dowed wiþ clerkis = these revenues with which the Devil has endowed clerics. In postposition it was for a long period extensively replaced by WITHAL (q.v. B).

  I.  Denoting opposition and derived notions (separation; motion towards).

  † 1.  In a position opposite to; over against: = AGAINST 1. Chiefly in advb. phrases with repeated sb., as face with face, where to is now used.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., I. i. § 31. Be norðan is se sæ, þe æʓþer is ʓe nearo ʓe hreoh, wið Italia þam lande.

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., Mark xii. 41. Sætt se hælend wið … ðæs dores.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 61. Cristes wille bo us bitwon neb wið neb for him to son.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 105. His wise wordes þe he wið hem spec muð wið muðe.

c. 1205.  Lay., 1874. Breoste wið breoste banes þer crakeden.

a. 1300.  [see FACE sb. 2 d].

  b.  In exchange, return, or payment for: = AGAINST 14, FOR 6. Obs. exc. dial.

  The related senses ‘in compensation for,’ ‘in comparison with’ are only OE.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., IV. xiii. § 1. Hit Scipia nolde him aliefan wið nanum oþrum þinge butan hie in ealle hiera wæpeno aʓeafen.

993.  Battle of Maldon, 35. We willað wið þam golde grið fæstnian.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Exod. xxi. 24. Eaʓe wið eaʓan, toþ wiþ teð.

1442.  in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 1444, 64/1. The landis of … Pettendrech, the quhilkis war changeit with the landis of Dunottir.

a. 1568.  Ascham, Scholem., I. (Arb.), 27. If the childe misse, either in forgetting a worde, or in chaunging a good with a worse.

1570.  in Shropsh. Par. Doc. (1903), 63. Rec. at the chaunge of the cupp wth the challeis vii^s. ii^d.

1637.  Rutherford, Lett., to M. Mowat, 7 Sept. (1671), 165. We might barter or niffer our lazie ease with a profitable cross.

  2.  Of conflict, antagonism, dispute, injury, reproof, competition, rivalry, and the like: In opposition to, adversely to: AGAINST 12, 12 b, 12 d.

  Still the normal prep. with such words as battle, chide, compete, conflict, contend, dispute, fight, quarrel, strive, struggle, vie, war, and phrases like go to law, at odds, but now associated with or merged in 8, 13 b, or 20.

Beowulf, 152. Grendel wan hwile wið Hroþgar.

a. 900.  Cynewulf, Elene, 836. Hie wið Godes bearne nið ahofun.

900–30.  O. E. Chron., an. 853 (Parker MS.). Ealhere mid Cantwarum, & Huda mid Suþriʓium ʓefuhton on Tenet wiþ hæþnum heriʓe.

a. 1000.  Gnomic Verses, II. 187. Weriʓ scealc wiþ winde roweþ.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 19. Þet he ne misdude wið oderne. Ibid., 129. Of þan icompe þe ure drihten hefde wið þene feond.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 16981. Ȝiff þa mihhtenn witenn itt þatt haffdenn niþ wiþþ Criste.

1338.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 57. He praied him for his nauy to help him with summ.

c. 1440.  Alphabet of Tales, 124. Þis knight askid hym if he kend oght with hym selfe.

1590.  [see CONFLICT sb. 1].

1596.  Edw. III., II. ii. Poore shipskin, how it braules with him that beateth it!

1611.  Shaks., Wint. T., I. ii. 355. One, Who in Rebellion with himselfe, will haue All that are his, so too.

1668.  Walton, Angler, iv. (ed. 4), 66. He [sc. the trout] may justly contend with all fresh-water Fish, as the Mullet may with all Sea-Fish.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 357. Let us go and have t’other Brush with them.

1736.  Gentl. Mag., VI. 334/1. Let the Boys be set a running, as it were, with one another, in getting without Book.

1851.  Newman, Pres. Pos. Cath., vi. § 7. Invention cannot run with prejudice. Prejudice wins.

1909.  Dublin Rev., Jan., 128. Amazons at handgrips with a long-suffering police.

  † 3.  Of resistance, defence, protection, warning, caution: = AGAINST 13, 13 b. Obs.

Beowulf, 540. Wit unc wið hronfixas werian þohton.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 171. Þa woldan hie on ecnesse hæle & trume wið deofla niþum & helle witum.

c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., II. 130. Wiþ bryne ʓenim finules niþeweardes.

c. 1040.  Bidding Prayer, in Lay Folks Mass Bk., 62. Þæt hy us ʓehealdan & ʓescyldan wið ealra feonda costnunga.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 53. Þe feder and þe sune and þe halie gast iscilde us … wið alle sunnen.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 224. Hu ȝe schulen witen ou wið þes deofles wieles.

c. 1320.  Cast. Love, 826. Þe seue berbicans abouten,… witeþ þis Castel so wel Wiþ arwe and wiþ qwarel.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xi. (Symon & Iudas), 203. For þat þu suld mar vnwar be Vith þi fais.

  † 4.  Of separation or deliverance: FROM 6, 6 b. Obs. (See also 19 c.)

Beowulf, 2423. Sundur ʓedælan lif wið lice.

a. 1000.  Cædmon’s Gen., 127. Þa ʓesundrode siʓora waldend … leoht wið þeostrum, sceade wið sciman.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 610. Me is lof to cristes huse To clansi hit wiþ fule muse.

  5.  † a. Towards, in the direction of: = AGAINST 5. (Only OE.) Obs.

Beowulf, 213. Streamas wundon sund wið sande. Ibid., 1880. Ac him on hreþre hyʓebendum fæst æfter deorum men dyrne langað beorn wið blode.

900–30.  O. E. Chron., an. 894 (Parker MS.). Þa wende he hine west wið Exanceastres.

a. 1000.  Riddles, iv. 42. Þonne scearp cymeð sceo wiþ oþrum, ecg wið ecge.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xxvi. 204. Sum weʓfarende man ferde wið þone feld.

  b.  Near or close to, against, alongside. Now only Naut. with words denoting proximity and consequently belonging more properly to 18.

Beowulf, 326. Setton … rondas reʓnhearde wið þæs recedes weal. Ibid., 2566. Stiðmod ʓestod wið steapne rond winia bealdor.

900–30.  O. E. Chron., an. 878 (Parker MS.). Æt Alre, & þæt is wiþ Æþelingga eiʓe.

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., Luke viii. 5. Þa he þæt seow sum feoll wið þæne weʓ.

c. 1050.  Voc., in Wr.-Wülcker, 447/25. Murotenus, wið ðone weall.

13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 113. Bischop Bawdewyn abof bi-ginez þe table, & Ywan, Vryn son, ette wit hymseluen.

14[?].  Sailing Directions (Hakl. Soc.), 12. Than go your cours with the horse shoo south southwest. Ibid., 13. Fro Seint Margret steyers and ye will go with Dengenes, your best way is south south west.

1579–80.  North, Plutarch, Theseus (1595), 10. By force of weather driven with the coast of Sicile.

1591.  Raleigh, Last Fight Rev. (Arb.), 24. A fourth ranne her selfe with the shore to saue her men.

1625.  Purchas, Pilgrims, II. 1133. An houre after Sunne rising, we were with a very long and faire point.

1708–.  [see IN adv. 9 b].

1748.  Anson’s Voy., II. vii. 212. One of our prizes was ordered to stand close in with it [sc. the land].

1788.  J. White, Jrnl. Voy. N. S. Wales (1790), 108. As we run in with the land,… we were surprised to see … some small patches of snow.

1849.  O’Byrne, Naval Biogr. Dict., 661/2. At the cutting out, close in with the enemy’s batteries of La Guépe privateer.

1860.  Dickens, Uncomm. Trav., ii. A man … saw … some dark troubled object close in with the land.

  c.  Into the presence or immediate proximity of (and in derived fig. uses): following such verbs as encounter, fall in, meet, etc., q.v. (Now associated with 19.)

  † 6.  Governing a demonstrative pronoun, forming conjunctive phrases: with than (the, that), with that, with thi (that), wiþi, wyþy, rarely with this (that) [see THAN dem. pron., THAT conj. 1 c, THY adv.]: a. On condition that, provided that, if.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xii. 118. Nolde he syllan ealle his æhta þeah þe he weliʓ wære, wið þan þe he libban moste.

a. 1200.  Moral Ode, 152, in O. E. Hom., I. 169. Eure he walde her inne wawe and ine wene wunien Wið þet he mihte helle pine bi-flien.

c. 1205.  Lay., 8253. Al þine wille he wule don, wið þon þe þu him ȝeue grið.

a. 1300.  Siriz, 192. Ich wile ȝeve the riche mede With that hit be so.

a. 1300.  St. Thomas, 184, in Horstm., Altengl. Leg. (1881), 22. Grete bewtes to him he bed … Withi he wold dwell with him still.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 532. I shal maken þe fre,… With-þan þu wilt þis childe take.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, I. 493. With-thi ȝe giff me all the land, That ȝe haiff now in-till ȝour hand.

c. 1400.  Beryn, 3972. To-morow I woll be redy his hest to fulfill, With this I have save condit.

1473.  Paston Lett., III. 100. I wolde he had it for vij. yeer, with thys that my moodre be agreable to the same.

1497.  in Somerset Med. Wills (1901), 353. I will that Isabell my doughter, shal haue all suche stuffe [etc.] whit that she marie by thaduyce of my executours.

c. 1500.  Lancelot, 960. I grant yow leif, withthy Your name to me that ȝe wil specify.

c. 1500.  Crow & Pie, v. in Child, Ballads, II. 478. Haue ye thys, my dere swetyng, With that ye wylbe lemman myn.

  † b.  With the intention that, in order that, to the end that. Obs.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., xxxiii. § 2. He … forlæt mæniʓne weoruldlust wið þæm þe he þone welan beʓete & ʓehealde. Ibid., xl. § 5. Me wære leofre þæt ic onette wið þæs þæt ic þe moste ʓelæstan þæt ic þe ær ʓehet.

a. 1225.  Juliana, 3. Þe liflade of a meiden þat is of latin iturnd to englische leode, wið þon þat teos hali leafdi in heouene luuie us þe mare.

  II.  Denoting personal relation, agreement, association, connection, union, addition.

  * Senses denoting primarily activity towards or influence upon a person or thing.

  7.  After words denoting speech or other verbal communication between persons (with the person as obj.); properly of mutual communication, but formerly sometimes merely = to, as in quot. 1480.

Beowulf, 365. Hy benan synt þæt hie … wið þe moton wordum wrixlan.

a. 1000.  Riddles, xl. 12. Ne hafað hio fot ne folm,… ne muð hafaþ ne wiþ monnum spræc.

c. 1205.  Lay., 14069. He wolde wið þan kinge holden runinge.

c. 1300.  Harrow. Hell, 123. Y shal speke þe wyht Ant do þe to holde gryht.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Melib., ¶ 755. I prey yow lat me speke with youre Aduersaries in priuee place.

c. 1420.  Prose Life Alex., 14. He went … for to consaile wit a godd þat þay called Amon.

1470–1760.  [see QUESTION v. 2].

c. 1480.  Henryson, Bludy Serk, 106. Scho said nay, With men þat wald hir wed.

1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, xiii. 15. Sum with his fallow rownis.

1555–.  [see CONFERENCE 4].

1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., V. ii. 230. White handed Mistris, one sweet word with thee.

1670.  in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. V. 16. Give me leave to be ingennuous with your Honour, that mannifacture grows worse daylie.

a. 1700.  Evelyn, Diary, 9 Feb. 1665. I had much discourse with his Lordship.

1753–4.  Richardson, Grandison, III. viii. 109. But, unseasonably, as the event shewed, Father Marescotti, being talked with, was earnest to be allowed to visit her.

1884.  ‘H. Conway,’ Bound Together, I. 180ץ1. For many years Mrs. Blatchford had held little communication with her family.

  b.  Followed by refl. pron., in reference to soliloquy, consideration, determination, etc. arch.

1530.  Palsgr., 514/2. Whan I determyne with my selfe to do a thyng.

1553.  [see WEIGH v.¹ 12 c].

1564.  Harding, Answ. Jewel, 180. Saye this with thy selfe.

1580.  Lyly, Euphues (Arb.), 443. Bicause you are braue, disdaine not those that are base, thinke with your selues that russet coates haue their Christendome.

a. 1592.  Greene, Alphonsus, IV. iii. Remember with your selues.

1707.  Curios. in Husb. & Gard., 201. I imagin’d with my self … that … we might multiply … the very same curious Plants.

1741.  Watts, Improv. Mind, I. i. § 1 (1786), 5. Think seriously with yourselves how many follies and sorrows you had escaped.

  † c.  After communicate, impart (information), orig. = ‘share’ (cf. 20). Obs. (now replaced by to).

1559, 1704.  [see COMMUNICATE v. 2].

1571.  [see IMPART v. 2].

1612.  Brinsley, Lud. Lit., 4. More readie … to impart your experiments with me.

1623.  Bingham, Xenophon, 65. He … communicated his dream with him.

  8.  a. After words expressing transaction or dealing between persons (with the person as obj.).

Beowulf, 155. Grendel … sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone mæʓenes Deniʓa.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., III. v. Æfter þæm þe Perse frið ʓenaman wið Romanum.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 5848 (Gött.). Wid þe eldest folk of israel, Wid pharao þai went to dele.

c. 1360[?].  Alexius, 123 (MS. Ashmol. 42), in Horstm., Altengl. Leg. (1881), 177. He … chaungid … his riche wede Wiþ a beggar.

a. 1400–50–.  [see COVENANT sb. 1 γ].

c. 1450–.  [see TREATY sb. 2, 3].

1481.  Cely Papers (Camden), 72. Ye schall receyve … a lytyll fardell of felles that ys alowyd for iij felles with the costomer.

1591.  Shaks., Two Gent., III. i. 3. What’s your will with me?

1637.  Rutherford, Lett., to A. Colvill, 19 Feb. (1671), 194. I will neither borrow nor lend with it [sc. this world].

1659.  in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1920), April, 254. I will keepe my dayes with you as long as I am able.

1661.  in Extr. St. Papers rel. Friends, Ser. II. (1911), 139. Such of his Ma^ties freindes as euer had occasion with me.

1780.  Mirror, No. 110, ¶ 1. To do justice to those with whom they have had dealings.

1838.  Thirlwall, Hist. Greece, xl. V. 115. To give audience to all who had business to transact with him.

1861.  M. Pattison, Ess. (1889), I. 41. During Edward’s wars our commerce with France was wholly broken off.

  b.  After words expressing conduct or feeling towards (a person, etc.).

  In some cases now replaced by other prepositions, e.g., envious of. In expressions of hostile action or feeling, this coincides with 2.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., vii. § 3. Hwi murcnast ðu wið min?

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. xii. 18. Hwi dydest ðu swa wið me?

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 27. Ȝif þu ert swiðe for-gult wið þine eorðliche lauerd.

a. 1200.  Moral Ode, 216, in O. E. Hom., I. 173. Ac helle king is are-les with þa þe he mei binden.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 62. Ich wot þat þu art unmilde Wiþ hom þat ne muȝe from þe schilde.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 2705. Godrich, wat is þe Þat þou fare þus with me?

c. 1400.  Brut, I. 18. Corneil his eldest douȝter … was so annoyed wiþ him and wiþ his peple.

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, X. xxvii. 457. Thenne was kyng Arthur wroth with kynge Marke.

1526.  Tindale, Matt. xviii. 29. Have pacience with me, and I will paye the all.

1577–.  in love with [see LOVE sb. 7 d].

1599.  B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum., II. vi. I am come to haue you play the Alchymist with me.

1601.  Shaks., Twel. N., II. v. 162. Be opposite with a kinsman, surly with seruants. Ibid. (1601), Jul. C., III. i. 255. O pardon me … That I am meeke and gentle with these Butchers.

1636.  Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism. To … be in charity with all men.

1677.  Earl Essex, in Essex Papers (Camden), II. 108. Ye soldier being very rough with ye Corporall, and refusing to pay.

1709.  Addison, Tatler, No. 108, ¶ 3. Out of Humour with [see HUMOUR sb. 8 a].

1736–.  vexed with [see VEX v. 4 b].

1889.  J. K. Jerome, Three Men in Boat, 172. I … lost my temper with him.

  9.  Expressing a general relation to a person or thing, usually as affected in some way by the action, etc., spoken of: In the matter of, in regard to, towards, to, at, upon, about, concerning; in regard to the condition or fortune of.

  Sometimes approaching the instrumental use, 37; or (with personal obj.) 8 b.

c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., xxix. 200. Ðæm ðeowan is to cyðonne ðæt he wiete ðæt he nis freoh wið his hlaford.

c. 1205.  Lay., 19057. Þe king hire wende to … & hæfde him to done wið leofuest wimmonne.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 901. Þan men haueden holpen him doun With þe birþene of his croun.

c. 1394.  P. Pl. Crede, 742. Y miȝt tymen þo troiflardes to toilen wiþ þe erþe.

c. 1400.  26 Pol. Poems, iv. 8. How it is wiþ hym, y kan not say.

14[?].  Tundale’s Vis., 2366 (MS. A.). How þei schuld be with don as Godus wyll wold.

1502.  Plumpton Corr. (Camden), 164. There was a servant of yours … was myschevously made away with.

1595.  Shaks., John, V. vii. 111. Let vs pay the time but needfull woe, Since it hath beene before hand with our greefes.

1595–.  [see BEFOREHAND 1 c].

1596–.  [see BEHIND adv. 5 b].

1603.  Shaks., Meas. for M., I. i. 33. Heauen doth with vs, as we, with Torches doe.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., I. iii. You shall deale much with mineralls.

1624.  Capt. J. Smith, Virginia, I. 16. We tooke more Cod then we knew what to doe with.

1660.  South, Serm., Matt. xiii. 52 (1727), IV. 27. When the Rooters and Through-Reformers made clean Work with the Church.

a. 1715.  Burnet, Own Time (1724), I. 557. He told me, it was not decent to be merry with such a matter.

1715–.  [see MATTER sb.¹ 25 b].

1753–4.  Richardson, Grandison, II. xv. 116. Things,… that we have no business with.

1755.  Connoisseur, No. 100, ¶ 5. All these indignities I very patiently put up with.

1799.  G. S. Carey, Balnea (ed. 2), 159. The walks … have been taken a great deal of pains with.

1802.  Maria Edgeworth, Moral T., Prussian Vase (1816), I. 211. What do you want with me?

1814.  Wordsw., Excurs., VII. 194. The … Master’s hand Was busier with his task.

1816.  Lady Granville, Lett. (1894), I. 101. His manner is brusque and short, and I got on but little with him.

1818.  Scott, Hrt. Midl., xxxviii. He knows how to manage with her.

1823.  Scoresby, Jrnl., 391. This anxiety with myself.

1841.  Browning, Pippa Passes, I. 228. God’s in his heaven—All’s right with the world!

1865.  Kingsley, Herew., viii. He surpassed Ptolemy with the astrolabe.

1873.  H. E. Roscoe, in Owens Coll. Ess. & Addr. (1874), 56. Experiments on the properties of vanadium … made with much larger quantities than it fell to the lot of the Swedish chemist to work with.

1887.  ‘Lewis Carroll,’ Game of Logic, iv. 95. She is perhaps a little overdoing it, in the way of lessons, with her children.

1923.  Times Lit. Suppl., 18 Jan., 34/3. Getting through with work as quickly as possible.

  (b)  1809.  Malkin, Gil Blas, I. vi. ¶ 4. Get along with you, and go to bed.

1897.  go along with you [see GO v. 72 a].

  b.  After an adv. or phr. with ellipsis of or equivalent to a verb, usually imperative: e.g., away with it = ‘take it away,’ down with it = ‘put or throw it down,’ etc.

c. 1377.  in Minor Poems Vernon MS., 718/99. I ou Rede … þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And Mayntene him boþe heiȝe and lowe.

c. 1388.  in Wyclif’s Sel. Wks., III. 472. His proude clerkis schal downe wiþ þer pride.

1477.  Sir J. Paston, in P. Lett., III. 199. My charges be gretter than I maye a weye with.

1528.  Impeachm. Wolsey, in Furniv., Ballads from MSS., I. 360. Down with thy tayle, and of with thy goldyn shone.

1535–.  [see DOWN adv. 25 b].

1598.  Shaks., Merry W., IV. ii. 239. Come, to the Forge with it. Ibid. (1603), Meas. for M., V. i. 121. To prison with her. Ibid., 313. To th’ racke with him.

1708.  [see IN adv. 1 c].

1843.  Blackw. Mag., LIV. 75/2. To the foul fiend with Rosley Castle, girl!

  † c.  In case of, in the event of. Obs. rare.

1625.  Purchas, Pilgrims, II. 1140. A good Hauen with all weathers.

1751.  R. Paltock, P. Wilkins (1884), II. 209. I don’t know what we should do with fires; we see the dread of them sufficiently.

  d.  In phr. with reference, regard, respect to: see REFERENCE sb. 3 b, REGARD sb. 13, RESPECT sb. 7. So † with (now in) comparison to.

1669.  Hist. Pope’s Nephews (1673), I. 38. When once he had put on the habit of a Priest, he could hardly … know himself with comparison to what he was before.

  10.  In the opinion, view or estimation of; ‘in the sight of.’

a. 1000.  Cædmon’s Gen., 507. Nu þu … hæfst þe wið drihten dyrne ʓeworhtne.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Saints’ Lives, xxvii. 171. Scyldiʓ wið god.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 9521. He had an anlepe son, Þat wit his fader was sa wele Þat [he] wist his wisdom ilk dele.

c. 1430.  Life St. Kath. (1884), 92. He was so gret wyth þe Emperour.

1474.  Stonor Papers (Camden), I. 149. Remembryng how grettely in consette ye stonde … with a gentylwoman.

1572.  Treat. of Treasons agst. Q. Eliz., 61 b. To discredite those Noble persons with the people.

1598.  Hakluyt, Voy., I. 56. To slay men, to inuade the dominions of other people, and to rifle their goods … are with them no offences at all.

1608–.  go down with [see GO v. 78 g].

1611.  Bible, 1 Pet. ii. 20. This is acceptable with God.

1634.  Sir T. Herbert, Trav., Table Gg 3/2. Cycala-Bassa … is out of credit with the Grand Signior.

c. 1646.  Milton, New Forcers Consc., 10. Men whose Life, Learning, Faith and pure intent Would have been held in high esteem with Paul.

1681.  Dryden, Abs. & Achit., I. 558. Every man with him was God or Devil.

1709.  Pope, Ess. Crit., 338. Most by Numbers judge a Poet’s song; And smooth or rough, with them is right or wrong.

1823.  Byron, Juan, XIII. xxiv. Juan stood well both with Ins and Outs.

1841.  Browning, Pippa Passes, ad fin. All service is the same with God.

  11.  In the practice or experience of, in the life or conduct of, in (one’s) case; sometimes spec. in the language or statement of, according to. (With pl. obj. = AMONG A. 6.)

a. 1310.  in Wright, Lyric P., v. 25. He is coral y-cud with cayser ant knyht.

a. 1352.  Minot, Poems (ed. Hall), iii. 69. Þan with þam was none oþer gle.

1478[?].  Stonor Papers (Camden), II. 35. Schepe was neuer so der with vs.

1526.  Tindale, Matt. xix. 26. With men this is vnpossyble, but with God all thinges are possyble.

1605.  Shaks., Macb., V. i. 32. It is an accustom’d action with her, to seeme thus washing her hands.

1615.  T. Maxfield, in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. (1906), III. 51. Julie the 16, w^th y^u 26.

1676.  Dryden, Aurengz., III. i. ’Tis not with me as with a private Man.

1678.  Cudworth, Intell. Syst., I. iv. § 32. 516. This notion was so familiar with these Pagans.

1796–7.  Jane Austen, Pride & Prej., xliii. ‘And this is always the way with him,’ she added.

1841.  Fitzgerald, Lett. (1889), I. 77. These fits of exaltation are not very common with me.

1864.  Mrs. H. Wood, Trevlyn Hold, xli. ‘Were the ricks insured?’ ‘No. There’s the smart with Chattaway.’

1881.  Russell, Haigs, xiv. 426. With the rough-riding men on both sides of the frontier to meet was to fight.

1909.  I. Bywater, Aristotle on Art of Poetry, 172. Πολιτική is with him the practical wisdom of the statesman.

1910.  Bolland, Eyre of Kent (Selden Soc.), I. Introd. p. xcv. These omissions would be impossible with a copyist who read over what he had copied.

  b.  After words expressing influence or the like: sometimes replaceable by over or upon.

1573–80.  Baret, Alv., P 696. With whom when she could nothing preuaile.

1631.  Weever, Anc. Funeral Mon., 512. His all-potencie with the King.

1712.  P. Metcalfe, Life S. Winefride (1917), 16. He had great Power and Authority with them.

1814.  Jane Austen, Mansf. Park, xiii. She has no influence with … my sisters that could be of any use.

1865.  Ruskin, Sesame, i. § 4. Most honest men … would … acknowledge its leading power with them as a motive.

  ** Senses relating to agreement (or disagreement) in some respect.

  Senses 16 and 18 are closely allied to those under ***, involving the idea of proximity or accompaniment in space or time.

  12.  Following words expressing comparison, likeness, equality or identity.

  In some cases varying with or now replaced by to, e.g., after compare, comparison, equal, resemblance; after same, as is more usual; but with is still regular after some derived sbs., as equality, sameness, and also after even adj., identical, identity, level adj., one adj., rank vb., etc. See the various words.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., xvi. § 2. Hu micle mare is ðonne þæs monnes lichoma to metenne wið þæt mod þonne seo mus wið ðone mon.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 3090. Þatt wass inoh all an wiþþ þatt þatt Godess enngell seȝȝde. Ibid., 7931. Þeȝȝre sang iss lic wiþþ wop.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), II. 259. Of þe same age wiþ þe kyngdom of Assiries.

c. 1450.  Merlin, xx. 317. Thei ben so fewe that thei may not compare with hem.

1513.  More, Rich. III., Wks. 47/1. Waye [= weigh] the good that they dooe, with the hurte that commeth of them.

1526.  Tindale, Phil. ii. 6. Which beynge in the shape off god, and thought it not robbery to be equall with god.

1677–.  [see IDENTICAL 2].

1710.  Hearne, Collect., 24 Feb. (O.H.S.), II. 348. A sniveling Gentleman of not half the sense with the late poor spirited Dick Cromwell.

1836.  Macaulay, Life & Lett. (1883), I. 456. His style affects me in something the same way with that of Gibbon.

1879.  Whitney, Sanskrit Gram., 337. Some of the apparent roots … with sibilant final are akin with the desideratives.

1885.  Act 48 & 49. Vict., c. 58 § 1. This Act shall be read as one with the Telegraph Acts, 1863 to 1878.

  13.  Following words expressing agreement, conformity, sympathy, and the like.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., IV. viii. For þon hie on symbel wið Romanum sibbe heoldon.

a. 1000.  Guthlac, 382. Þæt frið wið hy ʓefreoþad wære.

1123.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1120. Se arceb[iscop] Turstein … wearð þurh þone papan wið þone cyng acordad.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 105. Hie ben þenne sahtnede wið þe heuenliche fader.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 6. At his commandement, With whom myn herte is of accord.

1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., XVI. xliv. (1495), L ij/2. Yren hath agrement with the stone Adamas.

c. 1430.  Hymns Virgin (1867), 13. God wiþ man is maade at oone.

1535.  Joye, Apol. Tindale (Arb.), 11. Henrichus Bullyngerus … consenteth with me in the significacion of this worde.

1605.  B. Jonson, Volpone, III. iv. There was but one sole man … With whom I ere could sympathise.

1611.  Shaks., Cymb., III. iii. 31. Hap’ly this life is best … Well corresponding With your stiffe Age.

1642–.  fall in with [see FALL v. 90 b–e].

1662–.  [see SYMPATHY 3 b].

1761.  Mrs. F. Sheridan, Sidney Bidulph, II. 310. How ill does the vanity of pomp suit with a house of mourning 1

1796.  Ann. Reg. Hist., 115. Spain was … on friendly terms with France.

1821.  Shelley, Hellas, 537. The tiger leagues not with the stag at bay Against the hunter.

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. I. 107. He declared his determination to govern in harmony with the Commons.

1913.  W. M. Ramsay, Teaching of Paul, 158. His heart became only more open to suffer with other, and more intensely sympathetic with their trials, as he progressed in life.

  b.  By extension, after words expressing disagreement.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., I. viii. 30. It containeth impossibilities and things inconsistent with truth.

1735–8.  Bolingbroke, On Parties, 81. They [sc. the Tories] had only differ’d with the Whigs about the Degree of Oppression.

1791–1823.  D’Israeli, Cur. Lit. (1866), 208. Every edition varies with the preceding ones.

1868.  Gladstone, Juv. Mundi, i. (1870), 16. Testimony … in no case discordant with that of the Iliad.

  14.  On the side or party of; in favor of; on behalf of; ‘for’: opp. to AGAINST 12 (See also 22 c.)

c. 1200.  Ormin, 4675. Swa forrwerrpesst tu þin Godd, & haldesst wiþþ þatt ahhte.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 2308. He swore, Þat he sholde with him halde Boþe ageynes stille and bolde.

1382.  Wyclif, Matt. xii. 30. He that is nat with me, is aȝeinus me.

c. 1420.  Lydg., Assembly of Gods, 1058. Vertu was full heuy, when he sy Frewyll Take part with Vyce.

1478.  Acta Audit. (1839), 66/2. Ilk baroun and freehaldare þat … geve voce with þe said dome.

c. 1489.  Caxton, Sonnes of Aymon, ix. 238. Nevertheles he came, and helde syde wyth his broder.

1509.  Fisher, Serm., Wks. (1876), 277. What sentence he shal gyue wheder with me or ayenst me.

1534.  Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc.), II. 317. They were at issue and by a substancyall Jury … Founde with the seid mulsho.

1582.  N. T. (Rhem.), Acts xiv. 4. Certaine of them … were with the Jewes, but certaine with the Apostles.

1600.  Holland, Livy, XXIX. vi. 713. The citie of Locri … had sided also with the Carthaginians.

1633.  Earl Manch., Al Mondo (1636), 171. When a man comes to be judged; his life … shal give the evidence with, or against him.

1653.  Cromwell, Sp., 4 July, in Carlyle. He hath appeared with them.

1697.  Dryden, Æneis, XII. 827. Jove is with us.

1709.  Strype, Ann. Ref., I. xlix. 492. There being with the bill 60, against it 75.

1842.  Dickens, Amer. Notes, xv. The soldiers rather laughed at this blade than with him.

1845.  Browning, Lost Leader, 14. Shakespeare was of us, Milton was for us, Burns, Shelley, were with us.

1886.  Manch. Exam., 9 Jan., 5/3. M. Granet, Minister of Posts and Telegraphs, has usually voted with M. Clemenceau.

  b.  In reference to wind, tide, etc.: Favorable to, in a favorable direction for.

1647.  Sanderson, Serm. (1674), II. 218. As a Boat that (having wind and tide with it) runneth glib and merrily down the stream.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, II. (Globe), 378. They had … the Flood-Tide with them.

  15.  In the same way as; as — does or did, is or was, etc.; like. (Cf. 17.)

c. 1340.  Medit., in Hampole’s Wks. (1895), I. 94. So þat þoru þi merci and grace we moun repente of oure … mys-dedis with seint Petir.

1361.  Langl., P. Pl., A. VIII. 71. He is Fals with þe Fend.

c. 1400.  Rule St. Benet (prose), 11. Of mekenes spekis sain benet … & sais with hali scripture: ‘Omnis qui se exaltat &c.’

1433.  Lydg., S. Edmund Fremund, 1034–6, in Horstm., Altengl. Leg. (1881), 395. He … Hadde with Nestor manly auysynesse;… With Tideus he hadde eek hardynesse.

1589.  Nashe, Returne Pasquill, Wks. (Grosart), I. 121. A crooked generation, that loues to swym side-long with the Crabbe. Ibid. (1600), Summer’s Last Will, Prol. 73. Euery man cannot, with Archimedes, make a heauen of brasse.

1634.  Rainbow, Labour (1635), 35. With stomackefull children we bawle for Rattles.

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 22, ¶ 5. I must cry out with Dido … ‘Ah! cruel Heaven, that made no Cure for Love!’

1809.  Byron, Bards & Rev., 102. Better to err with Pope, than shine with Pye.

1861.  Paley, Æschylus (ed. 2), 7 agst. Thebes, 759, note. Hermann gives ἀλκὰν with one of the most recent MSS.

1905.  G. K. Chesterton, Heretics, 37. Whether we should love everybody with Tolstoy, or spare nobody with Nietzsche.

  b.  Followed by the and a superlative used absol.: As well or thoroughly as; (as) one of, ‘among,’ ‘of’: forming adverbial (or † predicative) phrases denoting ‘to the full or fullest extent,’ (nearly) as — as any or as possible,’ ‘very —,’ ‘highly —’: e.g., with the best = among the best, as well as any, very well; with the first, as one of the first, very early, chiefly, especially (see FIRST 6 c); with the least = at the lowest estimate; † with the most inclined = highly inclined. Obs. or arch.

a. 1300.  K. Horn, 1119 (Harl.). Þou shen[c]h vs wiþ þe vurste.

13[?].  Seuyn Sag. (W.), 1656. The king … kep the leuedi with the best.

1445.  in Anglia, XXVIII. 281. Why is not he redde with the worthiest?

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, X. lxviii. 531. Soo that nyghte they were lodged with the best.

1477.  Paston Lett., III. 183. I wold have hym [sc. a horse] sumwhat large, not with the largest.

a. 1533.  Ld. Berners, Huon, clxii. 634. Thyne armure is good and thy sworde is with the best.

1553.  Grimalde, Cicero’s Offices, I. (1556), 41 b. If ther be anie somewhat with the moste enclined to pleasures.

1573–80.  Tusser, Husb. (1878), 57. Who pescods delighteth to haue with the furst, If now he do sowe them, I thinke it not wurst.

1577.  Googe, trans. Heresbach’s Husb., 45. Not to mowe your Grasse with the latest, but before the seede be ripe.

a. 1592.  Greene, Jas. IV., I. ii. A young stripling … that can sleep with the soundest, eate with the hungriest.

1629.  Gaule, Pract. Theories, 376. Of all the difficulties of Truth and Faith, the Article of Christs Resurrection is with the formost.

1671.  H. M., trans. Erasm. Colloq., 494. There was no year, wherein he did not gain a thousand Duckats, to speak with the least.

1826.  Priestley’s Rudim., 55. The preposition with is … sometimes used in conversation, to express a degree … something less than the greatest; as ‘They are with the widest.’

1859.  Tennyson, Grandm., 20. At your age, Annie, I could have wept with the best.

  16.  Expressing simultaneous occurrence and association (cf. 25), often also implying causal connection (cf. 39). a. At the same time as; at the time or instant of; on the occurrence of (often with implication ‘and because of’); at, on, upon.

  (a)  Followed by a sb. (often qualified).

  Before occasion, opportunity, now replaced by on or (less usually) at.

13[?].  Cursor M., 10462 (Gött.). Vtayne wid þis word gan tene.

1456.  Sir G. Haye, Law Arms (S.T.S.), 145. The payment cessis with the impossibilitee of the service.

1592.  Shaks., Ven. & Ad., 900. Bids them leave quaking, bids them feare no more; And with that word she spide the hunted boare.

1655.  Theophania, 89. With a resolution to hire a ship,… and with the first occasion to follow her into Sicily.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 273. Nor ends their Work, but with declining Day.

1719.  Philipps, trans. Thirty-four Conferences, 338. He hath promised to send you a Copy with the first Opportunity.

1748.  Thomson, Cast. Indol., II. x. Sometimes with early morn, he mounted gay The hunter-steed.

1822.  T. L. Peacock, Maid Marian, x. John … was determining to take possession with the first light of morning.

1870.  Lowell, Study Wind. (1871), 257. Browning … draws nearer to the all-for-point fashion of the concettisti, with every poem he writes.

1926.  Times, 15 March. With his death, his younger brother … becomes heir to the barony.

  (b)  Followed by a demonstrative pron.: with that († than), when (and, often, because) that occurred, thereupon; † at that instant, just then (obs.); saying or having just said that; with this, hereupon. Cf. HEREWITH 2, THEREWITH 2 c, WHEREWITH 4 b.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 1409. Laban and his moder wið-ðan Faȝneden wel ðis sondere man.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 1203. Wit þis [Trin. Here aftir] was born an hali child, Seth þat meke was and mild. Ibid., 3368. And þof sco scamful was, i-wiss, Sco tint na contenance wit þis.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, XV. 168. Syne … [The] myddis of the toune he tais, With that neir cummand war his fais.

c. 1425.  Wyntoun, Cron., I. v. 203. A child, said, he saw a dere. Wiþ þat be takill wp he drew.

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, XVI. xvi. 687. With that Bors lyfte vp his hand & wold haue smyten his broder.

1592.  Shaks., Ven. & Ad., 25. With this she ceazeth on his sweating palme.

1603.  in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. (1906), II. 218. And with this I byd you most hartely farewell.

1681.  Dryden, Abs. & Achit., I. 717. ‘Take then my tears’ (with that he wiped his Eyes).

1779.  Mirror, No. 35, ¶ 11. ‘Who shall decide when doctors disagree?’ And, with that, he made one of the finest bows in the world.

1847.  Tennyson, Princess, II. 290. ‘Our mother, is she well?’ With that she kiss’d His forehead.

  b.  Followed by a sb. or pron., forming a phrase equivalent to a clause with when, in which the sb. or pron. is the subj. (or obj.), and the vb. is identical with that in the principal clause; e.g., our hopes died with him, i.e., when (and because) he died; to rise with the lark, i.e., when the lark rises (= early in the morning): see LARK sb.¹ 1 b.

  † Formerly also with vbs. of durative meaning: = contemporaneously with.

1432–50.  trans. Higden (Rolls), VIII. 497. But mony abusions comme from Boemia into Englonde with this qwene.

1592.  Shaks., Ven. & Ad., 1019. For he being dead, with him is beautie slaine, And beautie dead, blacke chaos comes againe.

1614.  Raleigh, Hist. World, III. v. § 8. 57. Where the Persians, so many of them as lost not their wits with their courage [etc.].

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 673. His Griefs with Day begun.

1742.  Middleton, Cicero (ed. 3), II. vi. 31. Lentulus and Metellus, whose consulship expired with the year.

1796.  Boswell, Johnson, 10 April, an. 1775. What was said by Johnson, or other eminent persons who lived with him.

1812.  Crabbe, Tales, xi. 376. With virtue, prudence fled.

1891.  Farrar, Darkn. & Dawn, xliii. I hear rumours that another large vessel … foundered at sea. I expect that some of the accusers of Paulus perished with her.

  c.  In the course or duration of, in process of, ‘in’ (time, etc.); often with admixture of the instrumental sense: By, or in consequence of, the passage or lapse of (cf. 37, 39).

c. 1440.  Alphabet of Tales, 329. With a few yeris þai war passand riche men.

1560.  Whitehorne, trans. Macchiavelli’s Arte of Warre, 87. All other thyng … maie with tyme be ouercome, this onely with tyme ouercometh thee.

1610.  Shaks., Temp., IV. i. 164. Come with a thought.

1611.  Fenton, Usurie, II. xiii. 95. Mans labours and skill wil faile with yeeres.

1627.  W. D., trans. Andiguier’s Lisander, 15. To render you more signal offices, which, with time, I hope to performe.

1784.  in B. Ward, Dawn Cath. Revival (1909), I. iv. 81. [Prejudices] will die away with time.

1855.  Tennyson, Will, ii. Bettering not with time.

1875.  M. Arnold, God & Bible, p. xxviii. Christianity’s admixture of popular legend and illusion was sure to be cleared away with time.

1884.  W. C. Smith, Kildrostan, 74. Unripe fruit … mellows with the months.

  d.  After words denoting change or variation: At the same rate as; at a rate, or in a manner, corresponding to that of; in proportion to, according to.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 322. His stout Stomach with his Food will grow.

1701.  Swift, Contests Nobles & Comm., iii. Their Insolence and Power encreased with their Number.

1712.  Arbuthnot, John Bull, I. v. His Spirits rose and fell with the Weather-glass.

1838.  De Morgan, Ess. Probab., 140. The probability of an error diminishes with its magnitude.

1839–47.  Todd’s Cycl. Anat., III. 516/2. The diameter of the capillaries of muscle varies … with the size of the blood-particles of the animal.

1857.  Buckle, Civiliz., I. ii. 58. The rate of wages fluctuates with the population.

1919.  H. A. Dallas, Mors Farua Vitæ? 16–7. Her conviction as to the importance of the script naturally increased with the evidence for its veridical character.

  17.  Expressing agreement or accordance, esp. in opinion or statement. To be with, to be of the same opinion as, to agree with. (See also 15.)

1456.  Sir G. Haye, Gov. Princes (S.T.S.), 99. Thai speke quhilum with the and othir quhilis aganis the.

1565.  Allen, Def. Purg., xi. 104. I am not afrade to vse the word Satisfaction, with Cyprian, Origen, Ambrose, Augustin.

1611.  Tourneur, Ath. Trag., IV. iv. I 4 b. Enter the Watch. Belfo. The Watch? Met with my wish.

1625–.  run with [see RUN v. 71 b].

1648.  Hexham, Ick ben Met u, I am With you, or, I am of your opinion.

1796.  Earl Balcarres, in Bryan Edwards, Proc. Maroon Negroes, 20. I am perfectly with you, that the pin ought not to receive another screw; but also clear that it ought not to be relaxed.

1883.  Stevenson, Treas. Isl., xxix. Ah, it’s a fine dance—I’m with you there.

1886.  W. S. Blunt, Diary, 22 April, in Land War Irel. (1912), ii. 79. Morris is with me about Ireland, though he says socialism and nationalism have nothing in common.

1916.  J. R. Mozley, Div. Aspect Hist., I. ix. 235. It was heart beating with heart.

  18.  In the same direction as; along the course of: opp. to AGAINST 9: esp. in such phrases as with the grain, with the hair, with the stream, with the tide, with the wind.

c. 1489–.  [see STREAM sb. 2 f].

1577–.  [see WIND sb.¹ 29].

1597.  Bacon, Coulers Good & Euill, Ess. (Arb.), 154. If it be with the streame or with the hill.

1651.  H. More, Enthus. Tri. (1712), 37. With thankfulnesse and reverence he doth receive whatever Divine Providence brings upon him, be it sweet or sour, with the hair, or against it.

1678.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc., iv. 66. As well upon the Traverse … as with the Grain of the wood.

1688.  [see METAL sb. 7].

c. 1710.  Celia Fiennes, Diary (1888), 75. The Gardens runns down a great way, you descend with them by severall stepps.

1712.  with the tide [see SWIM v. 1 c].

a. 1774.  Goldsm., Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776), II. 386. A field of corn, viewed with the wind, is of a different shade from the same field viewed against the wind.

1786, 1876.  [see STROKE v.¹ 1 d].

1810.  Crabbe, Borough, xviii. 183. The black footway winding with the wall.

1840.  with the tide [see DROP v. 8].

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., With the sun, ropes coiled from the left hand towards the right; but where the sun passes the meridian north of the observer, it is of course the reverse.

1891.  with the tide [see GO v. 85 f].

  *** Senses expressing accompaniment or addition.

  19.  Following words expressing such meanings as are indicated above, as accompany (see note s.v.), ally, alternate, associate, blend, combine, confront, connect, couple, entangle, incorporate, join, link, marry, mix, partake, share, unite, wed (etc.) vbs. (and derived sbs., as association, connection, etc.); communion, company, contact, intercourse (etc.) sbs.; together adv.: see the various words. See also ALONG adv. 3.

Beowulf, 1088. Þæt hie healfre ʓeweald wið Eotena bearn aʓan moston.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., xxxvi. § 8. Se yfla willa næfð nænne ʓeferscipe wið þa ʓesælða.

a. 900.  Cynewulf, Elene, 307. Swa ʓe modblinde mengan ongunnon liʓe wið soðe.

a. 1240.  Ureisun, in O. E. Hom., I. 201. Hwoa so euer wule habben lot wið þe of þine blisse, he mot delen wið þe of þine pine on eorðe.

13[?].  Cursor M., 18019 (Gott.). Aisel haue i blend wid gall.

c. 1400.  Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 201. Þei ben maad fast wiþ þe botme of þe stomac.

1557.  Dunfermline Reg. (Bann. Club), 400. To pay … Twelf caponis to giddir wutht hariage careage and due serwice.

1665.  Walton, Hooker, Introd. About forty years past … I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer.

1671.  Milton, P. R., IV. 412. Fierce rain with lightning mixt, water with fire In ruine reconcil’d.

1759.  Goldsm., Bee, No. 4, ¶ 6. I was once determined to throw off all connexions with taste.

1785.  Reid, Intell. Powers, II. xiv. 214. A kind of feeling, or immediate perception of things present, and in contact with the percipient.

1836.  Thirlwall, Greece, xvi. (1838), II. 345. The Lacedæmonians, whose force, together with the Tegeans and forty thousand light troops, amounted to upwards of fifty thousand men.

1889.  Swinburne, Study B. Jonson, 87. The collocation of such names … as those of Æglamour and Earine with such others as March and Maudlin.

  b.  Following words expressing acquaintance or familiarity. (After accustome(d, known, now replaced by to.)

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 113. His muð is ȝet wel unkuð wið pater noster and crede.

a. 1225.  Juliana, 14. Ne ich neuer þat ich wite nes wið him icnawen.

1338.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 225. Þan went þis Ottobone þorghout þe cuntre, & quaynted him with ilkone.

c. 1369.  Chaucer, Dethe of Blaunche, 532. I … gan me aqueynt With hym. Ibid. (c. 1386), Prol., 216. Famulier was he With frankeleyns ouer al in his contree.

1535.  Coverdale, Ecclus. xxiii. 9. Let not thy mouth be accustomed with swearinge.

1611.  Bible, Isa. liii. 3. He is … a man of sorrows, and acquainted with griefe.

1719.  in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. I. 197. They could not … undergoe the fatigue that the natives were accustomed with.

1880.  L. Stephen, Pope, iii. 61. Pope was not disinclined to pride himself upon his familiarity with the great.

  c.  By extension, following words expressing separation: e.g., to break with = to break off connection with (BREAK v. 34); to part with = to cease to be with or to have with one (PART v. 6 c). (After take leave now replaced by of.)

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 17022. Kynd na saul suffers ar to part wit man o-liue.

c. 1485.  Digby Myst. (1883), III. 102. O ye good fathyr of grete degre, thus to departe with your ryches.

1486.  Bk. St. Albans, E iij b. In iij. degrees he hem berith or he with hem twyn.

1607.  Shaks., Cor., IV. vi. 48. It cannot be The Volces dare breake with vs.

a. 1629.  Hinde, J. Bruen, lxvii. (1641), 224. My wife … and my selfe, came to take leave with him.

1808.  Southey, Lett. (1856), II. 110. For more than a year, Scott has cut with the Edinburgh Review.

1885.  Manch. Exam., 28 March, 5/5. The imminence of a rupture with Russia.

  20.  Expressing association or participation in some act, proceeding or experience; spec. = acting on the same side as (another lawyer) in an action at law.

c. 1290–.  [see SIN v. 1 c].

a. 1300–.  [see PLAY v. 10].

c. 1440.  Jacob’s Well, 201. Ȝif þou be partenere in dede of thefte,… or of ony oþer wronges, þat is for to seyne, in folowynge wyth suche doers.

1526.  Tindale, Rom. xii. 15. Be mery with them that are mery, wepe with them that wepe.

1533.  [see ADULTERY 1].

1596.  Shaks., Merch. V., I. iii. 36. I will buy with you, seil with you, talke with you, walke with you, and so following: but I will not eate with you, drinke with you, nor pray with you.

1711.  Steele, Spect., No. 53, ¶ 7. I will … for the future be merry with the Vulgar.

1816.  Scott, Old Mort., xxxviii. My lot is cast with Evandale, and with him I am resolved to bear it.

1837.  Dickens, Pickw., xxxiv. ‘I am for the plaintiff, my Lord,’ said Mr. Serjeant Buzfuz. ‘Who is with you, brother Buzfuz?’ said the judge. Ibid. (1848), Dombey, xxxviii. Rob … ran sniggering off to get change, and tossed it away with a pieman.

1883.  Manchester Exam., 7 Nov., 5/2. A new weekly mail service with Australia.

  21.  a. (with such vbs. as bring, take, come, go) Followed by a sb. or (most commonly), pron. denoting the person (vessel, etc.) that leads, conveys, or carries a person or thing, thus having it in charge (cf. 23, of which this use is the converse).

  Also fig. alter take: see TAKE v. 59 b, c.

c. 1290.  St. Matthew, 9, in S. Eng. Leg., 77. He bi-lefde þo is weork, and wiz ore louerd eode.

c. 1290.  Beket, 1213, ibid., 141. With him a-morewe he nam his oste.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 5297. To mi lauerd yee com wit me, I sal yow do a-quentid be.

1432–50.  trans. Higden (Rolls), I. 133. [Nilus] makethe the londe plentuous thro slycche that hit drawethe with hit.

c. 1475.  Rauf Coilȝear, 6. Thay past vnto Paris … With mony Prelatis and Princis.

1591.  Shaks., Two Gent., IV. i. 74. Come, goe with vs, we’ll bring thee to our Crewes.

a. 1596.  Sir T. More, I. ii. 28. Ten poundes … To carie in your pursse about with ye.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 534. The Shepherd last appears, And with him all his Patrimony bears.

1776.  Trial of Nundocomar, 68/1. My uncle used frequently to go to Maha Rajah’s: when I was little I used to go with him.

1812.  T. Jefferson, Writ. (1830), IV. 178. The truth is that we brought with us the rights of men.

1869.  Freeman, Norm. Conq., III. xi. 61. They took with them no force capable of controlling … the country.

  b.  In the possession, keeping, care, or charge of (a person); in the hands of. (lit. and fig.)

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 4403. His mantel es bi-left wit me.

1340–70.  Alex. & Dind., 32. Whan no wordliche wele is wiþ us founde.

1528.  in Pocock, Rec. Ref. (1870), I. 81. Leaving with the master of the Rolls such things as might … instruct him.

1649.  Bp. Hall, Cases Consc., III. ix. 341. That … commissionary authority, which is by Christ entrusted with them.

c. 1710.  W. Hamilton, Descr. Lanark & Renfrew (Maitl. Club, 1831), 64. Douglass parish … continued with the Earles of Douglass untill their fatall forfeiture.

1776.  Trial of Nundocomar, 68/1. You have for a long time had my money; it shall remain no longer with you.

1825.  Jefferson, Autobiog., Wks. 1859, I. 6. The committee … left it in charge with their chairman to forward them by express.

1828.  Whately, Rhet. (1850), I. iii. § 2. The ‘burden of proof’ lies with the accusers.

1896.  Conan Doyle, Exploits Gerard, iii. 121. The deal lay with him.

1911.  Act 1 & 2 Geo. V., c. 46 § 17. The ownership of an author’s manuscript after his death … shall be primâ facie proof of the copyright being with the owner of the manuscript.

  6.  In the nature or character of; as a quality or attribute of. Now chiefly after way: see WAY sb.¹ 22 d. (The converse of 31.)

14[?].  Tundale’s Vis., 31. With hym was no charyte.

1553.  Douglas’ Æneis, IX. Prol. marg. Vertue … has euer this rewill with hyr: do as thou wald be done to.

1650.  Trapp, Comm. Gen. xxv. 30. This hunter hath no ho with him.

1678.  Dryden, Kind Keeper, I. i. She has a notable Smack with her!

1711.  R. Martin, in E. H. Burton, Life Bp. Challoner (1909), I. iii. 33. He had such an honest way with him.

1848.  J. H. Newman, Loss & Gain, II. xx. (1904), 254. What a way those fellows have with them!

  22.  In the company, society or presence of.

  Face to face with: see FACE sb. 2 d. With God, in heaven: see GOD 5 c. With oneself (dial.): by oneself.

a. 1300.  K. Horn, 363 (Camb.). He schal wiþ me bileue Til hit beo nir eue.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 5706. Þai fot moyses ful skete, And wit þe preist raguel he ete.

13[?].  Gosp. Nicod. (S.), 1579. Withe me þis ilk day be þou sall, With me in heuenryke.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. V. 234. Ones I was herberwed … with an hep of chapmen.

a. 1400–50.  Wars Alex., 1613. Þan Wer þair common whit hym kyngez.

c. 1450.  Mirk’s Festial, 61. Then sate scho done all othyr wyth.

1526.  Tindale, John xii. 8. The poore all wayes shall ye have with you, butt me shall ye nott all wayes have.

1553.  Dioc. Reg. Glasgow (1875), I. 209. The said contrak … subscrivit wyth Schir Jhone Alaine, notair publik.

1709.  Steele, Tatler, No. 26, ¶ 11. This Gentleman who has arrived with you is a fool of his own making.

1791.  Boswell, Johnson, June 1763 (1904), I. 267. I begged I might be allowed to pass an evening with him there soon.

a. 1814.  Sailors’ Ret., I. i. in New Brit. Theatre, II. 313. This whipper-snapper of mine … sets off with himself, and no one knows where.

1820.  Keats, St. Agnes, xvi. Alone with her good angels, far apart From wicked men like thee.

1857.  M. Arnold, Rugby Chapel, 25. I … think Of bygone autumns with thee.

1891.  Farrar, Darkn. & Dawn, lviii. He found Nero sitting with Poppæa and Tigellinus.

1914.  ‘Ian Hay,’ Knt. on Wheels, xvii. I don’t go very often…. Perhaps it is because I have no one to go with.

  b.  spec. At the house of, or in the same house or meeting-place as; in the household, retinue, or service of, attending upon; on a visit to, being the guest of (hence be with sometimes = ‘visit,’ ‘call upon’).

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 466. Sella wuneð oc lamech wið.

c. 1275.  Lay., 6. He wonede at Ernleie wid þan gode cniþte.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Prol., 65. This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also Somtyme with the lord of Palatye Agayn another hethen in Turkye.

a. 1400.  in Halliwell, Early Hist. Freemasonry (1840), 20. He most love … his mayster also, that he ys wyth.

c. 1440.  Alphabet of Tales, 171. When sho had ligen þus many day sho dyed, & no body with hur.

c. 1440.  Jacob’s Well, 286. Þei … weryn harberwyd wyth a ryȝt good man.

c. 1465.  Stonor Papers (Camden), I. 71. Squier for þe body with Kynge H.

1482.  Cely Papers (Camden), 121. I thank yow of the grette cher that ye dydde me at my laste beyng wytthe yow.

1551.  Robinson, trans. More’s Utopia, II. viii. (1895), 253. For them, whomewyth they be in wayges, they fyghte hardelye.

1583.  in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ., V. 38. Somtyme Apprentice with oon M^r Bannester of Preston.

1651.  Cromwell, Lett., 12 April, in Carlyle. If Dick Cromwell and his Wife be with you, my dear love to them.

1711–2.  Swift, Jrnl. to Stella, 22 Jan. He was glad to find I was not with James Broad.

1715.  C’tess Cowper, Diary (1864), 44. This Day Madame Selnave was with me to thank me for her Affair being ended.

a. 1752.  in Jrnl. Friends’ Hist. Soc. (1918), 21. I went most of the year 1732 to Yealand Scool … to learn Wrighting and Arithmatick with Michael Jenkinson.

1803.  T. Jefferson, Lett., Writ. 1854, IV. 470. He will be with you in Philadelphia in two or three weeks.

1878.  Hardy, Ret. Native, V. vi. Have you heard that Eustacia is not with me now?

  c.  fig. in reference to an abstract thing: to be with, to accompany, ‘attend.’ Also in reference to God, combining the ideas of presence or companionship and favor, assistance, or the like (cf. 14).

  Cf. God be with you, GOOD-BYE.

13[?].  Gosp. Nicod. (G.), 1020. Goddes bliscing be all his puple with.

1382.  Wyclif, Judges vi. 12. The Lord with thee, moost stroong of men.

c. 1400.  Maundev. (Roxb.), iii. 10. Godd be with þe, for Godd es with vs.

1526.  Tindale, Eph. vi. 24. Grace be with all them which love oure lorde Jesus Christ.

1634.  Sir T. Herbert, Trav., 7. This calme and immoderate heate continued with vs seuen dayes.

1788.  Burns, ‘Of a’ the Airts,’ i. Day and night my fancy’s flight Is ever wi’ my Jean.

1825.  Brockett, N. C. Gloss., s.v. Wud, ‘God be wud her’—God rest her soul.

1896.  A. E. Housman, Shropshire Lad, xxxvii. Luck, my lads, be with you still.

1897.  Kipling, Recess., i. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet.

  d.  The phrase to be with, used in menace, etc. = to be avenged on, chastise, be even with (cf. 12), perh. belongs here (cf. VISIT v. 3), but has affinities with other senses.

1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., III. ii. 403. I will be with thee straight. Ibid. (1592), Rom. & Jul., II. iv. 78. Was I with you there for the Goose? Ibid. (1596), Tam. Shr., IV. i. 170. What, do you grumble? Ile be with you straight.

1825.  Jamieson, s.v. With, ‘I’ll be wi’ him for that yet,’ Roxb.

  23.  Having in one’s hold, keeping or charge; having within its compass, limits, area, etc.; leading, bringing, conveying, carrying, wearing, containing, etc.

  With bag and baggage: see BAG sb. 19. (Found or taken) with the mainour (manner): see MAINOUR 1.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 52. Þanne micthe chapmen fare Þuruth englond wit here ware.

a. 1400.  Pist. Susan, 5. His Innes and his orchardus were with a dep dich.

c. 1400.  Ywaine & Gaw., 759. A pot with riche wine.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 5564. Palomydon … presit into hauyn,… With xxx^ti shippes full shene, shot full of pepull.

c. 1430.  Chev. Assigne, 23. A pore womman … Withe two chylderen her by-fore.

1488.  Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot., I. 80. A poik of canwes with demyis contenand aucht hundreth ane les.

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. ccxxvi. 123 b/1. The erle … toke hym a flagon with wyne, wherof he had dronke.

1539.  Bible (Great), 2 Sam. xviii. 27. He is a good man, and commeth with good tydinges.

1596.  Shaks., Merch. V., II. ii. (stage-direction) Enter old Gobbo with a Basket.

1722.  Lond. Gaz., No. 6054/2. A tall … Man,… with Ruffles and a light bag Wig.

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., v. I. 609. He ordered Grey to lead the way with the cavalry.

1888.  Barrie, Auld Licht Idylls, iv. 105. The crowd … was back in a moment with a handful of small change.

  b.  In phr. with child, with young, etc., said of a pregnant woman or animal (also in fig. phr. from these).

  See CHILD sb. 17, EGG sb. 4, FOAL sb. 1 b, WHELP sb. 1 b, YOUNG B. 2 c; also BIG a. 4, 5, GREAT a. 3, PREGNANT a.² 1, 2 b, 4, 5 (where the sense approaches 39); BEGET v. 2 c, CONCEIVE v. 3, GET v. 27 c, GO v. 7.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 2455. Þu best wiþþ childe off Haliȝ Gast.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 10572. Anna wit child was of a mai.

c. 1450.  St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 391. Þe childe mett a cowe with calfe.

1491.  Acta Audit. (1839), 148/1. xxxij ȝowis with lamb.

1504.  Lincoln Wills (1914), I. 21. If my wyfe be wyth a sonne.

1556[?].  Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees, 1835), I. 152. ix whies calved and w^t calve.

1575.  Turberv., Faulconrie, 269. When hawkes fall to laying egges, and to be with egge in the mewe.

1585.  Knaresb. Wills (Surtees), I. 149. The childe my wief is now conceyvid with.

1633.  G. Herbert, Temple, Ch. Porch, vi. He that is drunken, may his mother kill Bigge with his sister.

a. 1756.  Eliza Haywood, New Present (1771), 23. If they are with egg, their vents will be open.

c. 1850.  Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.), 388. I have also to inform you, that I am with child, and in Heaven so much favours me as to give me a son [etc.].

  † c.  In ownership of, as owner of, having in possession. Sc. Obs.

1406.  in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 1427, 17/2. Quhyl we remane wyth the said landis.

1483.  Acta Audit., in Acta Dom. Conc., II. Introd. 114. The said Thomas sall remain with the said land and tenement.

  d.  In phr. with costs, with damages (in a lawsuit): in early use said in ref. to the winning party = ‘in possession of,’ ‘having as awarded’; later, in ref. to the verdict = ‘accompanied by an order to the losing party to pay’ (cf. 32).

1466.  Stonor Papers (Camden), I. 76. Richard … prayeth þat he may be dismissed out of this Courte with his costes and damages.

1775.  G. Wilson, Cases Comm. Pleas, III. 319. A verdict was given for the plaintiff, with one pound eleven shillings and sixpence damages.

1830.  Barnewall & Cresswell, Rep. K. B., IX. 528. They … recovered 25l. penalty, together with taxed costs.

1866.  Scott. Law Reporter, III. 81. The defender [was] assoilzied with expenses.

  24.  Accompanied by; having as an addition; having in one’s company. Often connecting the two sbs. or prons.: = ‘and in addition,’ ‘and besides,’ or simply ‘and.’ Occas. in compound place-names: = CUM. † With the mare (Sc. obs.): = and more, and something over: see MORE B. 4 d.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 14792. Faraon wiþþ all hiss ferd comm affterrwarrd.

a. 1300.  E. E. Psalter ciii. 27 [civ. 25]. Bestes smaller with þe mare.

1370–80.  Visions St. Paul, 247, in O. E. Misc., 230. Þer as was wepyng wiþ muche vnseeþe.

c. 1380.  Wyclif, Sel. Wks., I. 205. Þe Sixte, wiþ Clementyns, done myche harm to Goddis lawe, and enfeblen bileve.

1432–50.  trans. Higden (Rolls), I. 367. The water was so habundante that hit pereschede þe woman with here childe.

1494.  Acta Audit. (1839), 205/2. Alexander … tuk fra him out of his maling V^xx of ȝowis with the may.

1502.  Reg. Privy Seal Scot., I. 112/2. Half a ȝere, with the mare, befor the date hereof.

1563.  T. Wilson, Logic, 54. Beauuis with Alexander are comprehended vnder manne, as their kinde and speciall.

a. 1706.  Evelyn, Hist. Relig. (1850), I. 410. The permitting female slaves to be corrupted by their masters, with the like.

1719.  De Foe, Crusoe, I. (Globe), 296. We readily agreed to follow him, as did also twelve other Gentlemen, with their Servants.

1859.  ‘Geo. Eliot,’ Adam Bede, xviii. These grey pews, with the buff-washed walls, gave a very pleasing tone to this shabby interior.

1911.  Act 1 & 2 Geo. V., c. 6 § 1. Imprisonment with or without hard labour.

  in attrib. phr.  1898.  Westm. Gaz., 17 May, 8/1. To inaugurate some with-profit scheme.

  b.  Comprising in the whole number or total; including.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 86. Til ihesus crist fro helle nam His quemed wid eue and adam.

1836.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Tuggs’s at Ramsgate. ‘What’s the terms?’… ‘Five guineas a week, ma’am, with attendance.’

Mod.  ‘How many were there in the party?’ ‘I should say about twenty, with the children.’

  c.  Accompanied by (favorable wind, weather, etc.); having the advantage of.

1536.  in Sel. Pleas Crt. Admiralty (1894), I. 58. Goyng from the porte of London at a full see with a full wynde.

1600.  Fairfax, Tasso, XV. xlv. This evening (if you make good speed) To that hils foote with day-light might you passe.

1686.  trans. Chardin’s Trav. Persia, 75. We put again to Sea with fair Weather.

  25.  Expressing association, conjunction or connection in thought, action or condition.

  One (day, etc.) with another: see ONE 17 b.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), II. 9. And so is Cornewayle acounted wiþ þe oþere schires.

1472.  Stonor Papers (Camden), I. 124. For the certente what my cosen shall have with her, yf God provide for them that they shall go throwe in mariage.

1678.  Prideaux, Lett. (Camden), 64. Livy may be read with him [sc. Dionysius of Halicarnassus].

1784.  Unfortunate Sensibility, II. 7. One week with another she earned about half-a-crown.

1807–8[?].  Wordsw., Somnambulist, 162. And thou, in lovers’ hearts forgiven, Shalt take thy place with Yarrow!

1820.  Shelley, To a Skylark, xvi. With thy clear keen joyance Languor cannot be.

1834.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Boarding-ho., i. He was to his wife what the 0 is in 90—he was of some importance with her—he was nothing without her.

1918.  Act & Geo. V., c. 4 § 6. This Act … may be cited with the Trustee Savings Banks Acts 1863 to 1904.

  26.  Expressing collocation in space.

1480.  Cely Papers (Camden), 54. Aull iij sortes lyes togyddyr whon w^t anothyr.

1480.  Acta Dom. Conc. (1839), 47/1. Þe castin of petis in a mosse merchand with þe landis of Dalruskane.

1662.  J. Davies, trans. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass., 21. We thought it enough to put it [sc. a paper] in with that of the Suedish Ambassadors.

1664.  J. Webb, Stone-Heng (1725), 105. The most conspicuous [entrance] … into the Work it self lyeth North-East, whereby it fronteth rightly with the publick or high Road.

1815.  Wellington, in Gurw., Desp. (1838), XII. 484. I send with this dispatch three eagles, taken by the troops in this action.

1831.  Scott, Cast. Dang., i. The bonnet usually worn with this showy dress.

1849.  Ruskin, Samuel Prout (1870), 8. The angle formed by St. Mark’s Church with the Doge’s palace.

1914.  F. Gribble, Francis Joseph, xxxi. 331. The aristocracy dare not ask the professors to dinner for fear lest … they should wear green ties with their dress clothes.

  b.  Expressing mixture or combination of material substances.

c. 1400.  Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 199. Ȝeue him tiriaca maior wiþ a litil musco.

c. 1430.  Two Cookery-bks., 13. Take gode Mylke of Almaundys, an drawe it wyth Wyne.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., III. 829. Take peres right mature, And with hool salt hem trede.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 194. Potherbs … Which … bruis’d with Vervain, were his frugal Fare.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., s.v. Lime, ¶ 3. They work up the chalk rubbish into a sort of stiff paste with water.

1841.  Penny Cycl., XX. 354/2. When hydrate of salicyle is heated with potash, an acid is formed.

  (b)  ellipt. in slang use, in ref. to liquor = mixed with sugar, having sugar added; usually in phr. hot (warm) or cold with.

1835.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Miss Evans & Eagle. Two glasses of rum-and-water ‘warm with—.’

1854.  Surtees, Handley Cr., xiv. Fatch me up a glass of cold sherry with. Ibid., xxiv. ‘Take a glass of brandy,’ said she…. ‘’Ot with? or cold without?’

  † 27.  In addition to, besides; with neg., except.

c. 1305.  St. Edward, 8, in E. E. P. (1862), 106. He nadd neȝ him noþing For to ȝyue þis pore man wiþ a goldene ring.

c. 1425.  Wyntoun, Cron., V. x. 2252. Thre ȝhere and monethis twa, And ful ellewyn dayis withe þai.

1426.  Lydg., De Guil. Pilgr., 8703. A myghty kyng,… And wyth al thys, a famous knyht.

c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, IX. 43. With that thai war a gudly cumpany Off waillit men.

1530.  Tindale, Exod. xx. 23. Ye shal not make therfore with me goddes of syluer nor goddes of golde.

1579–80.  North, Plutarch, Agis & Cleom. (1595), 484. Very wise,… and with his wisdome … very valiant.

1599.  Thynne, Animadv., 11. All whiche make xxx persons with Chaucer.

  28.  After a sb., in a qualifying phrase indicating a characteristic or distinctive part or adjunct: Having, possessing; having in or upon it, containing, bearing (cf. 23).

  In this and sense 31 the phr. is sometimes equivalent to a descriptive adj.: e.g., with corners = ‘angular’; with four wheels = ‘four-wheeled.’

c. 1300.  Havelok, 701. Shep wit wolle, neth wit horn,… and gate wit berd.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. II. 16. Hire robe … With ribanes of red golde.

1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., XVII. cxlv. (1495), T v/1. Harde stalkes wyth corners.

a. 1400.  Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS., 626. His Innes & his orchardus were with a dep dich.

c. 1400.  Maundev., xxvi. [xxii.] (1919), I. 159. A charett with .iiij. wheles.

1432–50.  trans. Higden (Rolls), VIII. App. 497. Schoone with longe pykes.

1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, liv. 5. My ladye with the mekle lippis.

1599.  Shaks., Much Ado, II. i. 15. With a good legge,… and money enough…, such a man would winne any woman in the world.

1663.  Gerbier, Counsel, 28. Stone with Sandy veines.

1711.  Addison, Spect., No. 86, ¶ 2. A Man with a sour rivell’d Face.

1842.  Penny Cycl., XXII. 429/2. The consonants are conveniently classed into those with and those without voice.

1848.  Thackeray, Lett., 28 July (1887), 9. A paper-knife with a mother of pearl blade.

1892.  Katharine Tynan, in Speaker, 3 Sept., 289/2. The high road, with its shrieking steam-tram, runs at right-angles to it.

  29.  Indicating a quality or attribute of the action spoken of: forming phrases equivalent to adverbs, e.g., with one accord or consent = unanimously, with care = carefully, with ease = easily, with inpunity = L. impune, with severity = severely, etc. (Sometimes closely approaching the instrumental use 37, esp. in such phrases as with a curious eye, with all one’s heart, etc.) Similarly after an adj., in phr. expressing a particular kind or degree of the quality denoted by the adj.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 1395. Enngless haffdenn heoffness ærd forrlorenn all wiþþ rihhte.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 1598. Fro bersabe he ferde wið sped. Ibid., 1668. Aske it wið skil and ðu salt hauen.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 4430. Now es ioseph in prisun strang Don … wijt wrang.

13[?].  Northern Passion (1913), I. 5/16. Þe Iewys … sayd he ferid all wyth foly.

13[?].  K. Horn, 1353 (Harl.). He louede horn wiþ mihte & he him wiþ ryhte.

c. 1350.  Will. Palerne, 163. Alle wiȝth on hol hert.

c. 1400.  Rule St. Benet (prose), 45. Whit mekenes sal sho muster to þabbes hir sekenes.

1528.  Star Chamber Cases (Selden Soc.), II. 174. To get hys money with crafte and suttully.

1535.  Coverdale, Deut. vi. 5. Thou shalt loue the Lorde thy God with all thy hart, with all thy soule, & with all thy mighte.

1599.  Shaks., Much Ado, I. i. 300. I look’d vpon her with a souldiers eie.

1660.  R. Coke, Power & Subj., 45. This unlimited power of doing anything with impunity.

1671.  Milton, P. R., I. 319. Who first with curious eye Perus’d him.

1710.  Steele, Tatler, No. 208, ¶ 8. He replied with a very angry Tone.

1760–72.  H. Brooke, Fool of Qual. (1809), III. 116. A little stage was erected … that the spectators might see with the better advantage.

1771.  Goldsm., Hist. Eng., III. 351. He always travelled with hurry.

1780.  Cowper, Progr. Err., 562. They sidle to the goal with awkward pace.

1848.  Dickens, Dombey, xxxviii. Polly, who, with a woman’s tact, understood this at once.

1856.  Mrs. Carlyle, Lett., II. 269. To-day I walked with effort one little mile.

1875.  Jevons, Money (1878), 25. We use a great many words with a total disregard of logical precision.

  30.  Indicating a feeling, purpose, or other mental state accompanying the action spoken of: e.g., with approval, awe, horror, indifference, pleasure, regret, (due) respect, etc.; with (a, the, etc.) determination, hope, intent(ion, view, etc.: see also the sbs.

  The phrase thus formed is often equivalent to an adv., as in 29, from which this use is not always distinguishable.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 128. God … bliscede it wid milde mood.

c. 1330.  Spec. Gy de Warw., 93. To don penaunce Wid sorwe at þin herte rote.

c. 1350.  Libeaus Desc. (Kaluza), 1029. Sir Giffroun … Was bore hom on his scheld Wiþ care and rufull roun.

1382.  Wyclif, Phil. ii. 12. Worche ȝe with drede and tremblinge ȝoure heelthe.

1526.  Tindale, Heb. xii. 28. Grace, wherby we maye serve god … with reverence and godly feare.

1581.  Rich, Farew., D ij b. With this resolution he began to relate [etc.].

1601.  Holland, Pliny, II. cv. I. 47. Shee approched neere to the altars, with purpose to sacrifice.

1714.  in Jrnl. Friends’ Hist. Soc. (1918), 28. We left New England with peace of mind, and must say there is a sweet lively people there.

1748.  Anson’s Voy., II. xiv. 285. They still remember, with the utmost horror, the sacking of their cities.

1786.  trans. Beckford’s Vathek (1868), 51. Vathek applied his ear with the hope of catching the sound of some latent runnel.

1798.  Southey, Pious Painter, I. i. Still on his Madonnas the curious may gaze With applause and with pleasure.

1820.  Keats, Lamia, II. 100. If, as now it seems, your vision rests with any pleasure on me.

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii. II. 183. A land of exile, visited with reluctance and quitted with delight.

1885.  Law Rep., 29 Chanc. Div. 482. It is wholly immaterial with what object the lie is told.

  b.  In expressions of devotion, affection, or gratitude accompanying what is said or written, esp. by way of greeting, as in a message or the conclusion of a letter.

1454.  Paston Lett., I. 273. Right wurshipfull and myn especiall good maister, I recomaund me to you with all service and prayer to my power.

1521.  in Acts Parlt. Scot. (1875), XII. 40/1. Ȝoure humile oratouris and servandis with all lauchfull service.

1679.  in Jrnl. Friends’ Hist. Soc. (1912), IX. 191. G. F[ox] ordered me to signifie thus to thee with his deare Love.

1685.  Pett, in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1920), Jan., 114. Two Dorsetshire regiments who have been with us from the first, were dismissed and sent to their own county with thanks for their good service.

1744.  in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. I. 283. Laying the aff^r before my L^d Harrington with my best complim^ts desiring the fav^r of him just to sound the Count upon it.

1789.  [see REMEMBRANCE sb. 4 d].

1793.  [see LOVE sb. 1 e].

1835.  [see REGARD sb. 10 c].

1898.  G. B. Shaw, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, II. Here: take George his hat and stick with my compliments.

  31.  Indicating an attribute, quality, or condition of the person or thing spoken of: Having, possessing, characterized by. (Often scarcely distinguishable from 28 or 29.)

c. 1450.  Holland, Howlat, 18. The land lowne was and le, with lyking and luf.

1587.  Holinshed, Hist. Scot., 246/2. The Englishmen (with the number of 1500, vnder the conduct … of Talbot).

1593.  Shaks., 2 Hen. VI., I. i. 105. What meanes this passionate discourse? This peroration with such circumstance. Ibid. (1610), Temp., II. ii. 52. She had a tongue with a tang.

1671.  Milton, Samson, 571. Bondage with ease.

1702.  De Foe, Shortest Way w. Dissenters, 28. Why shou’d the Papist with his Seven Sacraments be worse than the Quaker with no Sacraments at all?

1712.  Steele, Spect., No. 438, ¶ 4. A very learned Man with an erect Solemn Air.

1776.  Trial of Nundocomar, 32/2. He was then in a cool sweat, with a low pulse.

1812.  Crabbe, Tales, xi. 385. Retiring late, at early hour to rise, With shrunken features, and with bloodshot eyes.

1864.  Tennyson, Aylmer’s Field, 387. Fools, With such a vantage-ground for nobleness!

1883.  Law Times, 22 Sept., 356/1. A colony with a constitution like that of the Cape Colony.

1893.  Atalanta, Jan., 269. Many another man with less heart and less imagination.

  b.  With special implications: (a) Still having; without loss of or detriment to; so as to keep or retain; consistently with.

c. 1440.  Alphabet of Tales, 25. He vnnethis gatt away with his life.

1568.  Grafton, Chron., II. 224. He could not long continue in the seruice of princes with the sauetie of his lyfe.

1600.  in J. Morris, Troubles Cath. Forefathers (1872), Ser. I. iv. 195. Another gentleman … was beaten down from his horse and hardly escaped with life.

1615.  in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.), I. 163. The King’s letter was, that he … could not with his greatness answer the proposition.

1654.  in J. Morris, Troubles Cath. Forefathers (1872), Ser. I. vi. 307. He said she could not pass the next winter with life, if she took not this remedy.

1865.  Ruskin, Sesame, i. § 31. A nation … cannot with impunity,… cannot with existence … go on … concentrating its soul on Pence.

  (b)  Though having; notwithstanding, in spite of. (Usually followed by all qualifying the sb.; cf. FOR prep. 23 a, b.)

13[?].  Sir Beues (A.), 1105. Ȝet wiþ þan Ichauede þe leuer to me lemman,… Þan al þe gold þat Crist haþ maked.

1557.  North, Gueuara’s Diall Pr. (1582), 409. All these things notwithstanding they are dishonest are sometimes tollerable…, so y^t with these faults they would be diligent to dispatch men.

1561.  T. Hoby, trans. Castiglione’s Courtyer, II. (1577), K j b. He hath suche straunge conceites…, that with all y^e painting he hath he can not paint them.

1693.  Dryden, Juvenal Sat., Ded. (1697), p. lxxxv. Ancient Words … which, with all their Rusticity, had somewhat of Venerable in them.

1779.  Mirror, No. 34, ¶ 9. Umphraville, with all his dignity, his abilities, and his knowledge, felt himself uneasy and ridiculous.

1784.  Cowper, Task, II. 206. England, with all thy faults, I love thee still.

1881.  Stevenson, Virg. Puerisque, Ded. But, with the best will, no man can be twenty-five for ever.

1908.  R. Bagot, A. Cuthbert, vi. 50. With all her apparent roughness of disposition … she was by no means a heartless woman.

  32.  Indicating an accompanying or attendant circumstance, or a result following from the action expressed by the verb.

c. 1350.  Will. Palerne, 1851. Þe werwolf … went to him euene, Wiþ a rude roring.

1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, viii. 2. Thou may complain with sighis lamentable The death of Bernard Stewart.

1563.  Foxe, A. & M., 621/2. To passe it ouer with sylence.

1621.  Lady M. Wroth, Urania, 459. I looked vpon him, and with teares told him, his censure was harder, then the Prince his.

1677.  Moxon, Mech. Exerc., i. 10. Afterwards smooth it with a Blood red Heat.

1703.  Rowe, Fair Penit., I. i. She, with Looks averse, and Eyes that froze me, Sadly reply’d.

1793.  Smeaton, Edystone L., § 265. Our men went out with a declaration that they would not return till they had found the moorings.

1806–7.  J. Beresford, Miseries Hum. Life (1826), vii. 13. The frosty silence … with which it is received by the different auditors.

1809.  Malkin, Gil Blas, I. xvii. ¶ 11. I do not in the least doubt it, interrupted Fabricio with a horse-laugh.

1872.  Morley, Voltaire (1886), 1. With as far-spreading and invincible an effect.

1912.  Preserved Smith, in Engl. Hist. Rev., Oct., 672. The value of a papal dispensation is considered, with the conclusion that it is valid in some cases but not in all.

  b.  (after find, take, etc.) In the actual commission of (a crime or misdemeanor). Obs. or arch.

c. 1430.  Syr Tryam., 185. Y trowed in hur no false-hedd, Tylle y fonde them with the dede.

1510.  Reg. Privy Seal Scot., I. 314/2. Taken in redehand with any crime.

1530–1611.  [see MAINOUR 2].

1572.  R. H., trans. Lauaterus’ Ghostes (1596), 40. Albeit they were … almost taken tardy with the deede doing.

1586.  T. B., La Primaud. Fr. Acad., I. 227. His sonne being taken with the fact,… Zaleucus would never suffer the punishment to be … lessened.

  33.  Indicating something granted, received or assumed: often with conditional implication, as in with your leave (or permission) = ‘if you will allow me.’

13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 971. Wyth leue laȝt of þe lorde he went hem aȝaynes.

c. 1400.  Apol. Loll., 70. Weþ þe lefe or conferming of þe kirk, swilk mariage is rate.

1436.  in Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., Var. Coll., IV. 199. To caste this land oute of alle reputacion … yf so falle, as with oure Lord mercy it never shal falle.

1539.  Bible (Great), 2 Chron. xviii. 12. The wordes of the prophetes speake good to the kyng with one assent. Ibid., Ps. xviii. 29. W^t the helpe of my God I shall leape ouer the wall.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., IV. i. Madame, with your pardon, I kisse your vesture.

1648–9.  in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1917), Oct., 570. Hee … had alsoe the keyes of the Castle (but nott with Thompson’s good will).

1660.  Act 12 Chas. II., c. 19. Bee it Enacted by the Kings most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Lords and Commons … That [etc.].

1779.  Mirror, No. 33, ¶ 4. We were accordingly married with the universal approbation of my friends.

1794.  J. H. Moore, Pract. Navig. (ed. 10), 87. With the course and distance find the difference of latitude and departure.

1838.  Dickens, Nich. Nick., xv. Another gentleman comes and collars that glass of punch, without a ‘with your leave,’ or ‘by your leave.’

1856.  Froude, Hist. Eng., I. i. 77. So the law of England remained … with the deliberate approval of both the great parties.

1879.  E. Waterton, Pietas Mariana Brit., 226. With these general data, I now proceed to examine some of the details.

  34.  Followed by a sb. denoting some alteration or modification, or something imposed in the way of a demand or requirement: e.g., change, condition, exception, loss, proviso, qualification, etc. (Before condition now replaced by on.)

c. 1450.  Merlin, xiv. 203. We be come to serue yow, with this condicion, that ye desire not to knowe oure names.

1489.  in Trevelyan Papers (Camden), 93. With the same condicions and provisoes.

1626.  W. Sclater, Exp. 2 Thess. (1629), 210. With exception of the crosse.

1629.  Hobbes, Thucyd., I. 59. The Athenians … made peace, with condition to haue their Prisoners released.

1779.  Mirror, No. 71, ¶ 2. With these qualifications, Sir, I am held in considerable estimation by the wits of both sexes.

1849.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., ii. I. 165. Such a body … is composed, with scarcely an exception, of sincere persons.

1861.  M. Pattison, Ess. (1889), I. 44. With the exception of a dwelling-house…, the remainder of the area was covered with warehouses.

  35.  a. Followed by a sb. denoting misfortune or evil, in imprecations and intensive phrases: also with a WANION, with a witness (see WITNESS sb. 14). Now chiefly in with a vengeance (in intensive sense: see VENGEANCE sb. 4).

a. 1300.  K. Horn, 326 (Camb.). Went [= go] vt of my bur Wiþ muchel mesauentur.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Manciple’s Prol., 11. Is that a Cook of London, with meschance?

c. 1529.  Skelton, E. Rummyng, 346. As thou, wyth shamfull deth!

1538–.  [see MISCHIEF sb. 9 a].

16[?].  Middleton, etc., Old Law, III. ii. Ly. I will send it through you with a powder. Sim. Let come, with a Pox!

1663.  Dryden, Wild Gallant, I. ii. I’ll put you out of your Pater Nosters, with a sorrow to you.

  b.  Introducing a refrain (often meaningless) in a poem or ballad.

[13[?].  Cour de L., 2522. They rowede hard, and sungge ther too, With heuelow and rumbeloo.]

c. 1400.  Pety Job, 96, in 26 Pol. Poems, 124 Nowe yeue me mercy, and say nat nay, Wyth Parce michi, domine.

15[?].–.  [see HEY-HO.].

1519.  [see HEY int. 2].

c. 1529.  Skelton, E. Rummyng, 289. Wyth Hey and wyth howe.

1633, 1672.  [see FADING sb.].

1665, a. 1800.  [see FA-LA a].

1780.  British Grenadiers. With a tow, row, row, row, row.

  36.  In various preceding senses, followed by object and complement (phr. with prep., pple., adj., adv., or inf. with to).

c. 1290.  Beket, 1169, in S. Eng. Leg., 140. With one haltre ope þe mere forth rod þis holi man.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, VIII. 48. Thai saw in battale cum arayit The vaward with baner displayit.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Doctor’s T., 211. With fadres pitee stikynge thurgh his herte.

1443–50.  in W. P. Baildon, Sel. Cases Chanc. (1896), 134. His purse with xxv. s. of money therin.

c. 1482.  Paston Lett., III. 295. Fayne she wold be redde of it with hyr onowr savyd.

1527.  Test. Ebor. (Surtees), VI. 13. The lesse leede with the hole in the bothom.

1534.  More, Comf. agst. Trib., III. xix. (1553), R vij. The … prieste … that had … vsed to say Dominus with the seconde sillable long.

1611.  Shaks., Cymb., II. i. 26. You crow Cock, with your combe on.

1630.  Pagitt, Christianogr., I. iii. (1636), 133. Standing … with their armes foulded.

1745.  Pococke, Descr. East, II. II. 231. There are six youths in each room, with a master over them.

1760–2.  Goldsm., Cit. W., lxxi. He sat with rapture in his eye.

1831.  Scott, Cast. Dang., xiv. The shield represented an owl with its wings spread.

1842.  Tennyson, Lady Clare, xv. She went by dale, and she went by down, With a single rose in her hair.

1842.  Browning, Through the Metidja to Abd-el-Kadr, i. As I ride, as I ride, With a full heart for my guide.

1848.  Dickens, Dombey, v. An iron-grey autumnal day, with a shrewd east wind blowing.

1859.  Geo. Eliot, Adam Bede, xviii. They … stood with their hats off.

1866.  Ruskin, Lett., 10 May. Joan has written another long letter to you with something about me in it.

1870.  Morris, Earthly Par., III. 455. Life seemed not so cursed With this to think of.

  III.  Denoting instrumentality, causation or agency.

  37.  Indicating the means or instrument (material or immaterial) of any kind of action: By means of, by the use of.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 5524. Þe bodiȝ forr to pinenn wiþþ swinnc.

c. 1220.  Bestiary, 9. He … Draȝeð dust wið his stert. Ibid., 627. He ne hauen no lið Ðat he muȝen risen wið.

c. 1250.  Prov. Ælfred, 90, in O. E. Misc., 108. For to werie þat lond wiþ hunger and wiþ herivnge.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 44. Al was ðat firme ðrosing in niȝt, Til he wit hise word made liȝt.

a. 1300.  K. Horn, 459 (Camb.). Wiþ seluer & wiþ golde Hit wurþ him wel iȝolde. Ibid., 514. Þin armes he haþ & scheld To fiȝte wiþ vpon þe feld.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 14427. Þat he suld flexs take o þair kin, For to ranscun wit adam sin.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., B. 1438. He with keyes vncloses kystes ful mony.

1382.  Wyclif, Mark xiv. 58. I schal vndo this temple maad with hondis.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Prol., 1. Whan that Aprille with hise shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote.

c. 1400.  Maundev. (1919). xxvii. 165. A lytille whippe in hire hondes for to chacen with hire hors.

1413.  E. E. Wills (1882), 22. The residue of my gode, y bequethe tho Amys my wyf, an my son, to kepe hem boþ wyt.

1479.  Cely Papers (Camden), 18. v c or vj c baras canvase for to packe woll wyt.

1491.  Caxton, Vitas Patr. (W. de W., 1495), II. 247/2. Oonly as moche as suffysed to bye with his brede cotydyan.

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. ccxxvi. 123/1. He lost euer after y^e syght with that eye.

1526.  Tindale, Matt. xx. 22. Are ye able … to be baptised with the baptism that y shalbe baptised with? Ibid., Mark ix. 49. Every sacryfyse shalbe seasoned with saltt.

1591.  Spenser, Virg. Gnat, 432. All slaine with darts.

1634.  Sir T. Herbert, Trav., 145. They build with vnburnt clay.

1671.  Milton, Samson, 1621. The people with a shout Rifted the Air.

1748.  Anson’s Voy., I. i. 9. The ships were disappointed of provisions for want of a cargo to truck with.

1766.  Goldsm., Vicar W., iii. We lightened the fatigues of the road with philosophical disputes.

1855.  Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xi. III. 44. Some acts which in the citizen are punished with fine or imprisonment must in the soldier be punished with death.

1877.  Ruskin, St. Mark’s Rest, i. § 18. There is nothing like a little work with the fingers for teaching the eyes.

1890.  Law Times’ Rep., LXIII. 691/2. A publican runs a greater risk of being cheated with false money than other tradesmen.

  † (b).  Through the medium of (a person). rare.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. xxxviii. 20. Iudas sende an ticcen wið hys Odolamitiscean hyrde.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 1274. He wald send me word wit þe.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxviii. (Margaret), 135. Tyne nocht my sawle with fellone mene.

1590.  Shaks., Com. Err., V. i. 230. He did arrest me with an Officer.

  b.  Formerly used in many cases where by (BY prep. 30, 32) is now the usual or only construction; e.g., with obj. a person, or an action (esp. when expressed by a gerund or vbl. sb. in -ing).

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 882. Sco has me fild wit hir sin.

13[?].  Guy Warw. (A.), 129. He wald do nimen him anon, & wiþ strengþe him nim wolde.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, I. 521. Wes nocht all Troy with tresoune tane…?

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Doctor’s T., 217. To dyen with a swerd or with a knyf.

c. 1450.  trans. De Imitatione, II. xii. 57. It shal not lye in þy power to be esid ner delyuered wiþ no remedy ner no solace.

c. 1450.  Capgrave, Life St. Aug., 112. Þou wer led in-to þis place witȝ þe handis of many men.

1513.  Bradshaw, St. Werburge, I. 2461. And it to confyrme … With charters and dedes.

1523.  Ld. Berners, Froiss., I. ccciii. 183 b/1. The towne was taken with assaute, and robbed.

1539.  Bible (Great), 1 Kings vi. 8. Men went vp with windyng steares into the myddle chambre.

1571.  Digges, Pantom., IV. vi. X j. If by the second rule ye diuide 100 with 24, the quotient is 4¹/₆.

1667.  Dryden, trans. Life S. Francis Xavier, VI. 667. Many sick persons … were cur’d with only seeing it.

a. 1715.  Burnet, Own Time (1724), I. 409. With all this the King was convinced.

1750.  Johnson, Rambler, No. 43, ¶ 10. Distant countries are united with canals.

1837.  Dickens, Pickw., iii. Will you oblige us with proceeding with what you were going to relate?

1859.  Geo. Eliot, Adam Bede, xvi. I don’t believe there’s anything you can’t prevail on people to do with kindness.

  c.  Used where other prepositions are now usual, as at (a charge or cost), in (a receptacle or something figured as such), of (a material or constituent, after make), on or upon (food, etc.).

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 11109. Ion … liued wit rotes and wit gress, Wit honi o þe wildernes.

c. 1450.  Godstow Reg., 530. The forsaid Adam shold susteyn the said mese … with his owne costis.

1564.  Harding, Answ. Jewel, 40. S. Augustine vttereth the same thinge almost with the same wordes.

a. 1586.  Sidney, Astr. & Stella, Sonn. xcix. When farre spent night perswades each mortal eie … To laye his then marke wanting shaftes of sight, Clos’d with their quivers in Sleeps armorie.

1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., I. i. 303. You shall fast a Weeke with Branne and water.

1598.  Grenewey, Tacitus, Ann., I. xv. (1622), 29. Germanicus … furnished the rest with his owne charges.

1617.  Moryson, Itin., III. 83. They dine with dried pork.

1633.  J. Clarke, Two-fold Praxis. I lived … with sevenpence a day.

1709.  Strype, Ann. Ref., I. xl. 410. That she would wrap up all such matters with oblivion.

a. 1774.  Goldsm., Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776), II. 239. Burning instruments of this kind are usually made with glass.

1785.  Cumberland, Nat. Son, I. i. When he shall see what frippery a woman is made up with.

1801.  Strutt, Sports & Past., III. vi. 221. Diminutive imitations of muskets made with wood.

1840.  Pereira, Elem. Mat. Med., II. 1269. A sinapism made with flour.

  † d.  In reference to procreation, with obj. either the male or the female parent: = BY prep. 32 c.

c. 1450.  Merlin, 20. Thow wast with childe with hym.

1593.  in Maitl. Club Misc., I. 56. The barne gottin be him with the said Margaret Steyne.

1603.  Shaks., Meas. for M., II. ii. 143. Shee speakes, and ’tis such sence That my Sence breeds with it.

a. 1709.  J. Lister, Autobiog. (1842), 51. I had but two children with my wife.

  e.  After begin or end and words of like sense, in various shades of meaning: indicating (a) that which constitutes the beginning or end, i.e., the initial or final part, element, stage, proceeding, etc. (after a personal subj. and before a gerund now by, as in b above); (b) a person or thing acted upon or treated first or last (coinciding with 9); (c) (after begin, originate, etc.) the agent or source from which something takes its rise (allied to 11).

  Phr. (with ellipsis of obj.) to begin with; to take what is mentioned or indicated as one’s starting-point.

1412–20.  Lydg., Chron. Troy, I. 2414. For my behest with deth I schal conclude.

c. 1550.  Bale, K. Johan (Camden), 47. Fyrst to begyne with, we shall interdyte the lond.

1570.  Foxe, A. & M. (ed. 2), I. 494/2. First begynnyng with that godly man … the autor of the boke.

a. 1619.  in S. Atkinson, Gold Mynes Scot. (Bann. Club), 2. It is true that ‘say well and doe well ends both with one letter.’

1677.  in Essex Papers (Camden), II. 110. The Commoners … take distaste that anything which relates to mony, should … begin with the Lords.

1683.  Tryon, Way to Health, 642. Drawing towards a Conclusion of this Treatise, I shall put a period thereto with some unvulgar Considerations of the Nature of Sounds and Melody.

1713.  Berkeley, Guardian, No. 69, ¶ 2. He has ended his Discourse with a Prayer.

1768.  Sterne, Sent. Journ., II. 51. (Le Patisser) He finish’d the scene with winning my esteem.

1833.  Ht. Martineau, Brooke Farm, i. 6. I must begin my lecture with you.

1843.  Fraser’s Mag., XXVIII. 656–7. The evening generally closed with music.

1861.  T. L. Peacock, Gryll Grange, xxix. I will be bound every one of this company could find a quotation in point.— Miss Gryll, to begin with.

1879.  Ruskin, St. Mark’s Rest, iv. § 56. We may close her national history with the seventeenth century.

1887.  ‘L. Carroll,’ Game of Logic, i. § 2. 22. ‘Middle’ begins with ‘m.’

1918.  in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1919), July, 442. Newcastle’s response … did not stop with sending Warren for the defence of the Northern Colonies.

  38.  After words of furnishing, filling, covering, adorning, and the like. (Allied to II. ***, involving the notion of addition.)

  After full now replaced by of.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 994. Bulltedd bræd … smeredd wel wiþþ elesæw.

c. 1290.  S. Eng. Leg., I. 384/256. For-to … crouni him with golde.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 852. God … fild þis werld al wit his grace. Ibid., 1046. Wit gress and leues his he clad.

a. 1310.  in Wright, Lyric P., xxxiv. 96. To presente hyre sone With myrre, gold, ant encenz.

a. 1366[?].  Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1076. It [sc. a robe] ful well With Orfrays leyd was euerydeell.

c. 1394.  P. Pl. Crede, 116. Cloþ to coveren wiþ our bones.

c. 1425.  Engl. Conq. Irel., 130. Encombret whyth syn.

1445.  in Anglia, XXVIII. 277. Histirlonde he plantith with vyne.

1506.  in Mem. Hen. VII. (Rolls), 285. The third chamber … was hanged with a very rich arras.

c. 1511.  1st Engl. Bk. Amer. (Arb.), Introd. 28/1. Ledder to kyuer theyr members with.

1526–.  [see ENDOW v. 3 b.].

1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., II. i. 131. Her wombe then rich with my yong squire.

1590.  Spenser, F. Q., III. iii. 4. That doest ennoble with immortall name The warlike Worthies.

1610.  Shaks., Temp., I. ii. 154. Infused with a fortitude from heauen. Ibid., 283. Then was this Island … not honour’d with A humane shape.

1621.  Lady M. Wroth, Urania, 229. As full of spite and ill nature as a Spider with poyson.

1633.  J. Clarke, Two-fold Praxis, 63. It is very expedient for us scholars to be instructed with good manners.

c. 1646.  Milton, New Forcers Consc., 7. To force our Consciences … And ride us with a classic Hierarchy.

1713–.  [see LITTER v. 5, 6 a].

1734.  Sale, Koran, Prelim. Disc. § 1. 3. A stony and barren valley, surrounded on all sides with mountains.

1849.  Robertson, Serm., Ser. I. vi. (1866), 99. Christianity … permeates all evil with good.

1878.  Hardy, Ret. Native, VI. i. Wreathing it [sc. a pole] with wildflowers.

1884.  W. C. Smith, Kildrostan, 86. A … breeze … Tipping the waves with foam.

  39.  Indicating the cause or reason: In consequence of, as a result of, by the action of; because of, by reason of, on account of; from, through, by.

  In some cases now replaced by of (e.g., after COME v. 11 c); in others of and with are used with distinction of meaning (see e.g., DIE v.¹ 1 b, 7, WEARY a. 1 c, 2).

13[?].  Cursor M., 1058 (Gött.). For-þi was he witt þat for lorn.

13[?].  K. Alis., 930. Mony a baner … rotled with the wynde.

a. 1400[?].  Arthur, 466. And deyde wyþ strokis þat þey hente.

1476.  Paston Lett., III. 161. I ame somewhatt crased, what with the see and what wythe thys dyet heer.

1591.  Shaks., Two Gent., I. i. 69. Hart sick with thought. Ibid. (1593), 2 Hen. VI., IV. vii. 111. I feele remorse in my selfe with his words. Ibid. (1596), Tam. Shr., III. ii. 243. Went they not quickly, I should die with laughing.

1600.  Abp. Abbot, Exp. Jonah, 54. These did perish in their owne sinne, although they perished with his fault.

1601.  Shaks., Twel. N., III. iv. 366. This comes with seeking you.

a. 1604.  Hanmer, Chron. Irel. (1633), 202. The Lord Iames Audley … dyed with the fall of a horse.

1671.  in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. V. 23. She was so ill with wearing a paire of perfumed bodyes that she was forced to goe to bed.

1682.  Wood, Life (O.H.S.), III. 12. July, Sir Jonas Moore … died with a fall from his horse.

1784.  Cowper, Tiroc., 833. Flush’d with drunk’ness.

1816.  Byron, Pris. Chillon, 1. My hair is grey, but not with years.

1837.  Hawthorne, Twice-told T., Gt. Carbuncle. The … branches … mossy with age.

1889.  J. K. Jerome, Three Men in Boat, 4. Zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood.

Mod. colloq.  Harry Wood is in the Cottage Hospital with his knee.

  b.  After a trans. vb. (usually in pass.), or a pa. pple. or ppl. adj., indicating the immediate cause or ground of the action or state spoken of: often approaching or coinciding with 37 or 40 b.

  After certain pples., as pleased, surprised, etc., varying with or now replaced by at. After trouble vb. sometimes approaching 9.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 3690. Ðor wurð ȝhe ðanne wið lepre smiten.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 4076. Þai soght him ai to greue wit wrang.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VIII. 149. Þe pepil was i-plesed wiþ his faire speche.

c. 1400.  Rom. Rose, 5628. Contente with his pouerte.

c. 1440.  Generydes, 2221. With tho wordes the kyng liked full ill.

14[?].  in Guillim’s Heraldry, IV. vii. (1632), 296. Worne wud Age.

1535.  Coverdale, Prov. vi. 25. Lest thou be taken with hir fayre lokes.

1553.  T. Wilson, Rhet., 115 b. Because I haue halfe weried the reader…, I will harten him agayne wyth a merye tale.

1603–.  [see SPENT 3 b].

1652.  Wadsworth, trans. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars Spain, 342 Hugging himself with that small victorie.

1655–1768.  [see SURPRISE v. 5].

a. 1745.  Swift, Ess. Faculties Mind, Ded. Wks. 1841, II. 284/2. To suppose you would be very much obliged with anything that was new.

1792.  T. Jefferson, Writ. (1859), III. 494. I am rejoiced with the account he gives me.

1807.  Earl Malmesbury, Diaries & Corr., III. 363. I am … not surprised with the opiniativeness of Lord Grenville.

1839.  Thirlwall, Greece, li. VI. 243. His men and horses were now nearly spent with toil.

1891.  Conan Doyle, White Company, xx. A face which was distorted with rage.

  c.  After an intr. (rarely a trans.) vb. or an adj., combining the sense ‘by reason of’ with 28 (‘having in or upon it’) or 38 (‘filled, covered, etc., with’). Also more vaguely, indicating a substance (esp. a liquid) that is the logical subject of the vb.: e.g., it is pouring with rain = rain is pouring; (flowers) dripping with dew = having dew dripping from them.

1388.  Wyclif, Exod. iii. 8. A lond that flowith with milk and hony.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 98. Hire chekes ben with teres.

c. 1400.  Ywaine & Gaw., 1397. The castel and cete rang With mynstralsi and nobil sang.

c. 1450.  Holland, Howlat, 5. With alkyn herbes … The feldis flurist.

1508.  Dunbar, Gold. Targe, 28. Doun throu the ryce a ryuir ran wyth stremys.

1513.  Douglas, Æneis, VI. viii. 93. Hir figoure sa grisly gret aboundis, Wyth glowand ene birnand of flawmis blak.

1565.  Cooper, Thesaurus, Manantia vlcera, sores runnyng with matter.

1606.  Shaks., Ant. & Cl., I. iii. 45. Our Italy, Shines o’re with ciuill Swords.

1622–.  [see HEAVY a. 4].

1667.  Milton, P. L., IV. 605. Now glow’d the Firmament With living Saphirs.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 235. Th’ Alburnian Groves, with Holly green. Ibid., 559. The Garment, stiff with Ice, at Hearths is thaw’d.

1746.  Smollett, Reproof, 28. Hallowed be the mouth That teems with moral zeal and dauntless truth!

1798.  Coleridge, Kubla Khan, 8. Gardens bright with sinuous rills.

1799.  Wordsw., Fountain, viii. My eyes are dim with childish tears.

1849.  [see POUR v. 6 b].

1899.  T. S. Moore, Vinedresser, 6. Banks more soft with moss than any bed.

  d.  Following words of blame or the like (after charge orig. fig. from 38); also after credit vb.: indicating the ground of the charge, etc.

  After accuse, suspect, now replaced by of.

c. 1440.  Alph. Tales, 318. Þis preste … tolde hur cowncell, & vpbrayed hur þerwith.

1559.  Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence, I. 7. To charge me with offence.

1579–80.  North, Plutarch, Demetrius (1595), 946. Hee … was most detected with this vice of lechery.

1591.  Troub. Raigne K. John, i. 147. A Man, Whom he accuseth with adulterie.

1665.  Dryden, Ind. Emperor, III. ii. None shall tax me with base Perjury.

1670.  Stubbe, Reply H. More (1671), 75. The World will condemn you with Blasphemy for that comparison.

1715.  De Foe, Fam. Instruct. (1841), II. I. i. 10. The blot with which I reproach myself.

1814.  Mrs. J. West, Alicia de Lacy, IV. 298. There seems no just cause for accusing the King with the premature fate of this nobleman.

1877.  Froude, Short Stud. (1883), IV. I. iii. 27. To credit him with a desire to reform the Church.

  40.  After a passive verb or participle, indicating the principal agent: = BY prep. 33. a. (a person or animal). Obs. exc. dial.

c. 1300.  Havelok, 2489. He was wit þe prestes shriue.

13[?].  Cursor M., 15908 (Gött.). Sare he dred þat syden fell Wid þaim he suld be slaine.

13[?].  Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 1229. Your honour … is hendely praysed With lordez, wyth ladyes, with alle þat lyf bere.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, XVIII. 128. And be the armys led wes he With twa men.

c. 1400.  Maundev. (Roxb.), vi. 19. Þis same sowdan … was slayne with his awen seruands.

1456.  Sir G. Haye, Law Arms (S.T.S.), 38. The first quhete that ever was sawin with man.

c. 1489.  Caxton, Sonnes of Aymon, i. 52. They all were eten wyth bores and of lions.

1535.  Stewart, Cron. Scot. (Rolls), II. 56. So awful rumour … Wes neuir hard with no man in this erd.

1579.  Lyly, Euphues (Arb.), 110. There was a Towne in Spayne vndermined with Connyes, in Thessalia with Mowles, with Frogges in Fraunce.

1611.  Shaks., Wint. T., V. ii. 68. He was torne to pieces with a Beare.

1632.  Lithgow, Trav., III. 86. It was miserably sacked, and burned with Turkes.

1670.  Dryden, Conq. Granada, III. i. As I were stung with some tarantula.

1707.  Mortimer, Husb., 165. If the Ass, you design to breed on, be suckled with a Mare.

a. 1715.  Burnet, Own Time (1724), I. 250. He rode thro’ London, accompanied with the most popular men of his Court.

1727.  Philip Quarll (1816), 19. This island is inhabited … with monkies and myself.

1735.  J. Hughes, trans. Fontenelle’s Dial., I. viii. (ed. 3), 32. I went attended with a numerous train.

Mod. dial.  You never hear of horses being bit with snakes.

  † b.  (a thing, material or immaterial). Obs.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xii. (Mathias), 65. With wawis castine to þe land.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), III. 295. Awaked wiþ crienge of gandres.

c. 1450.  St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 5866. In to eland war þai kest with’ a flowyng flode.

1571.  Digges, Pantom., I. xxxi. K j. Intercepted with the perpendicular lyne.

1634.  Sir T. Herbert, Trav., 94. Hyrcania … is limited on the North with the Caspian Sea.

1729.  Law, Serious C., xix. 354. Her other entrails were much hurt by being crush’d together with her stays.

1760.  R. Brown, Compl. Farmer, II. 2. Overflowed with rivers or land-floods.

  B.  adv.

  † 1.  With it (me, them, etc.); in collocation, company or association; together; occas., at the same time, simultaneously. Obs.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., xvi. § 3. Hit nis nauht ʓecynde … þæt æniʓ wiðerweard þing bion ʓemenged wið oðrum wiðerweardum, oððe æniʓe ʓeferrædenne wið habban.

c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., II. 54. Meng þonne hwitcwudu wiþ.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., I. 711. Ley nettelys vndir with. Ibid., VI. 10. Al doubil seed, as benes,… And other puls, a xl dayes floure, And greteth with [orig. simulque grandescunt].

c. 1450.  trans. De Imitatione, III. lxiv. 150. Defende and kepe þe soule of þy … seruaunt … and, þy grace goyng wiþ [orig. comitante gratia], dyrecte hym by þe wey of pes.

  † b.  With also: nonce-substitute for WITHAL (= ‘also’). Obs. rare.

1586.  G. Whetstone, Engl. Mirr., I. xv. 95. Frauncis the second … beeing both very young, and with also married to the Queene of Scots.

  † 2.  With and with: a. Immediately, forthwith (= BY AND BY 3); b. From time to time, again and again, every now and then. Obs.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 5628. Icc wile wiþþ & wiþþ þa seoffne seollþess shæwenn.

c. 1205.  Lay., 20747. We sendeð wið and wið and ȝeornen Arðures grið. Ibid., 30177. Adwine … seide auere wið and wið: ich wulle makien un-frið.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., XI. 175. Delue hit ofte, and … Ay with and with lycour on hit to trete.

  † 3.  With that, or with which; therewith, wherewith: = WITHAL adv. 2. Obs.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 936. God mad þam kyrtels þan of hide, And cled þar flexs wit for to hide. Ibid. (a. 1425), 8597 (Trin.). Her modris … had no cradles ne wiþ to by.

1566.  in Picton, L’pool Munic. Rec. (1883), I. 48. The said earl … had a couple of partridges, and to drink with of his lordships cost.

  † C.  conj. a. To the time that, until. (Only OE.) b. During or at the time that; while; when. (Cf. sense 16 of the prep.) Obs. rare.

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., Matt. x. 11. Ðer wunas wið ʓe ðona ʓeonga.

1375.  Barbour, Bruce, XVII. 455. It wes nocht eyth till ta The toune, with [v.rr. quhill; ed. 1570 while] sic defens wes maid.

c. 1450.  St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 1685. With þir thinges were done.

  D.  Comb., as with-worker (nonce-wd. after G. mitwerker), a fellow-worker, co-worker.

1884.  R. F. Burton, Camoens, Lyricks, I. Transl. Foreword 4. In preparing this volume have been aided by a host of ‘with-workers.’