With-

representing OE. wiþ- (see WITH prep.) used as a prefix to verbs (and derived sbs.) with the meanings: (1) away, back, as in OE. wiþbláwan to blow away, wiþfaran to escape, wiþgán to disappear, wiþtéon to withdraw; so WITHDRAW, WITHHOLD; a few modern words come under this heading, which are formed by substituting with- for re-, as withcall; (2) away from one, as in several OE. verbs meaning ‘reject,’ ‘refuse,’ wiþcéosan, wiþcweþan, wiþhoʓian, wiþlecgan, wiþsacan WITHSAKE v., wiþweorpan; (3) against, in opposition, as in OE. wiþfeohtend adversary, wiþhabban to resist, wiþlicgan to oppose, wiþsprecan to contradict, wiþstandan WITHSTAND v.; (4) together, in withjoin.

  The following is a list of the less important verbal formations (transitive verbs except where otherwise marked); mostly obs. (see quots.).

  † Withbere [BEAR v.¹], to carry away; see also b; † withboȝt pa. pple. [BUY v.] redeemed; † withbrast pa. t. [BURST v.] intr. burst asunder; † withbreide [OE. wiþbreʓdan, BRAID v.¹], to withdraw; † withbuwe [BOW v.¹], to avoid; withcall, to recall; † withclepe, to recall, revoke, repeal; † withdrive, to drive away, repel; † withhuhe [OE. wiþhoʓian], to despise; † withjoin, to join together, conjoin (intr. and trans.); † withleft pa. pple. left behind; † withlosen pa. pple. [LEESE], lost; † withnay [NAY v.; cf. RENAY], to deny, refuse; † withnim [= L. reprehendere; see NIM v.], to reprove, rebuke; † withpass, to escape the lips of; † withquethe, to deny, contradict, refuse; † withscape, to escape; † withschadowid pa. pple., darkened; † withschild [SHIELD v.], in God w., God forbid; † withscore, to cut away, detach; † withshonte [SHUNT v.], intr. to shrink back; † withslip, to escape; † withsoȝt pa. t. [SEEK v.], pursued, persecuted; † withsperre v. [SPAR v.¹], to bar (the way); † withstad, -sted pa. pple. [STEAD v.], beset; † withstarte [START v. 6], intr. to escape; withstay [STAY v.¹ III], to hold back, oppose, withstand; † withstew [STEW v.¹], to check; withstrain, † (a) to constrict; (b) to restrain; † withtee [TEE v.¹], to withdraw; refl. and intr. to abstain; † withtelle, to gainsay; † withturn, to avert.

c. 1500.  Melusine, 196. Other thing, ye shal not haue ne *withbere fro me.

1340.  Ayenb., 186. Alle we byeþ *wiþboȝt of one zelue pris.

1448–9.  Metham, Amoryus & Cleopes, 1520. The dragon … *with brast in þe myddys.

c. 890.  Wærferth, trans. Gregory’s Dial. (1900), 203. Þara oðre se cniht wiðbræd … & þa oðre brohte to ðam Godes men.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Hom., I. 88. Ðæt hi heora handa fram ðam blodes gyte ne wiðbrudon.

c. 1230.  Hali Meid. (1922), 11. In wunne stude þu hauest her ofte helle; & bute þu wið-breide þe, bredes te þat oðer.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 116. Uorte *wiðbuwen sunne.

c. 1230.  Hali Meid. (1922), 52. Hwase þencheð on al þis,… & nule wiðbuhe þet þing þet hit al of awakeneð.

1901.  J. Prior, Forest Folk, x. 105. Do yo *withcall them saving tears shed years and years agoo, Sister Morris?

1904.  ‘H. S. Merriman,’ Flotsam, xiv. 159. The troops were withcalled.

13[?].  K. Alis., 1301. Y *withclepe and withstonde Theo truage of Grece londe.

1340.  Ayenb., 189. Uor alle time y-confermed ne neure in none time wyþcleped. Ibid., 215. Þer me ssel wyþ-clepie his herte to him.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VI. 267. He … wiþcleped al þat was i-doo by his predecessour.

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 530/2. Wythe clepyn’, or reuokyn.

1617.  Holyoke, Rider’s Dict., To Withclepe, revoco.

c. 1000.  Ags. Ps. (Th.), xciii[i]. 13 [14]. Næfre *wiðdrifeð Drihten ure his aʓen folc.

1527.  Andrew, Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters, II. ii. A ij/2. The same [Sorell] water withdryueth impetigines.

a. 1000.  Cædmon’s Gen., 2864. Nalles nerʓendes hæse *wiðhoʓode.

c. 1230.  Hali Meid. (1922), 53. Nule wiðhuhe þat þing þat hit al of awakeneð.

c. 1450.  Merlin, 282. Holde we vs to-geder cloos and make semblaunte as we wolde *with Ioyne.

1630.  J. Hayward, Edw. VI., 10. It had bin agreed … they should withjoyne forces.

c. 1375.  Cursor M., 4403 (Fairf.). Hys mantel ys *wiþleft [Cott. bileft] wiþ me. Ibid. (a. 1300), 10855 (Cott.). Ne sal þe nawight be *wit-losen Þe maidenhed þat þou hast chosen. Ibid., 14109. Þe better lott has mari chosen, Þat hir mai nagat be witlosin.

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., A. 915. As þou art gloryous with-outen galle, *With-nay þou neuer my ruful bone.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., III. 1151. If thai withnay Her fruit.

c. 1450.  Brut, II. 480. Then she withneyed and withseyd all the poyntez þat were put.

c. 1315.  Shoreham, Poems, vii. 308. By ryȝtte he myȝtte be *wyþ-nome Ryȝt ase a qued.

13[?].  S. E. Leg. (MS. Bodl. 779), in Herrig’s Archiv, LXXXII. 374/297. Ic am a-knowe þat ic whyl-er þe wit-nom amys.

1340.  Ayenb., 17. Þe more þet me him wy[þ]nimþ and blameþ … þe more he him wreþeþ. Ibid., 66. Efter þan comeþ þe wyþnymynges,… huanne me atwyt ane man oþer his zennes.

c. 1340.  Nominale (Skeat), 290. Woman thretith and withnemyth.

a. 1340.  Hampole, Psalter, xxxviii. 2. Þat nane reprouabil word *withpassid me.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., x. § 1. Ne mæʓ ic na *wiðcweðan ne andsaciʓan þæt þe þu me ær sædest.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 137. He wið-quað and sede Non sum ego christus.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 20726. *Witschap scho vs, we sal ha blam.

a. 1400.  Sir Degrev. (Linc. MS.), 1180 (Luick) Withscapid nane hym fra.

1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., VIII. xl. (Tollem. MS.). [Light] putteþ nouȝt it selfe deep into a body þat is *withschadowid [orig. umbrosi].

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 2893. Godd *wit schild ȝe do þat sin. Ibid. (13[?]), 5011 (Gött.).

1340.  Ayenb., 254. *Wyþscore [MS. Bodl. 283, fol. 178 kit a weye] and wyþdraȝ þine willes and zete ane brydel to þine couaytises.

a. 1400.  Pistill of Susan, 231 (Cott. MS.). Sche *witheshonte for no shame.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 12900. Moght it nangat þe *witslip Þat he-self said o þi wirscip. Ibid. (c. 1375), 16196 (Fairf.). Herode … asked him … Quy þai him squa *wiþsoȝt [Cott. bisoght].

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. Wace (Rolls), 15660. Toward þe southe he wolde haue fled, But Edwyn his weye *wyþ-sperd. Ibid., 13503. Þat weye þey haue vs *wyþ-sted Þat y scholde ȝow haue inne y-led.

14[?].  Tundale’s Vis., 1628 (MS. A.). In grett povertte was he *wiþstadde.

c. 1460.  Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903), 204. I knowe wele I may nat *with-starte. I have so doone, I ought to dreede.

1854.  Syd. Dobell, Balder, iii. Death, careful of my learning, hath *withstayed His final presence.

1885–94.  R. Bridges, Eros & Psyche, May v. It fill’d the passage of the rising glade, And there withstay’d the sun in dazzling sheen. Ibid., July xix. There was no repentance coud atone For her dishonour, nor her fate withstay.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 15. Heore uuel þe heo doð þu aȝest to hetiene and *wid-stewen.

c. 1400.  Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 65. Þat poudre *wiþstreyneþ [orig. constringit] þe blood.

1904.  Ryle, Holy Script. & Crit., 122. With difficulty is the multitude withstrained from doing sacrifice to a Paul and a Barnabas, to a Moses and an Isaiah (cf. Acts, xiv. 13–18).

c. 897.  K. Ælfred, Gregory’s Past. C., xxxvi. 254. Balaham … wolde feran ðær hiene mon bæd, ac his estfulnesse *wiðteah se esol þe he onuppan sæt.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 143. Þa þe heom wið-teoð of flesliche lustes.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 63. Þe lichames festing is wiðtiȝing of estmetes. Ibid., 79. Þat he us wissie to wið-tien of alle flesliche lustes.

c. 1275.  Lay., 13242. Nas þar neuere man so bold þat þis wolde *wiþ-telle.

1563.  Mirr. Mag., Ld. Hastings, lxxxvii. God of Justyce had *withturnd that fate.

  b.  In the earlier version of the Wycliffite Bible it is used in nonce-formations modelled upon L. compounds of con-, co-: see quots.

  Withheeȝing [HIE v., to hasten] is an erron. rendering of L. cum festinatione with haste. Withhilden covered over [HILL v.¹] represents a L. compound of ob-.

1382.  Wyclif, Isa. lxii. 9. Thei … that *with bern [comportant] it, shul drinken in myn hoeli porches. Ecclus. xii. 19. Many thingus grucchendeli whistrende shal *with chaunge [commutabit] his chere. Ibid., i. 24. Kunnyng and vnderstonding of prudence wisdam shal *with departen [compartietur). Ps. xxxi[i]. 4. I am turned in my myseise, whil *with ficchid [configitur] is the thorn. Gen. xxiv. 59. The *withfolweris [comites] of hyr. Ps. lxxvii[i]. 33. The ȝeeris of hem [failiden] in *withheeȝing. Pref. Ep. vii. 70. Micheas of Moraschym, the *witheire [coheres] of Crist. Gen. vii. 24. The watris of the flood … *with hilden [obtinuerunt] the erthe. Gen. xxi. 6. Who so euer shal here shal *with lawe to me [corridebit mihi]. Ecclus. li. 15. I shal preisen thi name bysyly, and I shal *withpreisen [collaudabo] it in confessioun. Gen. xxii. 3. Abraham on the nyȝt *with rysynge [consurgens], diȝte his asse.