| George Peele (1556–1596), English dramatist |
| Petrus Hofman Peerlkamp (1786–1865), Dutch classical scholar and critic |
| John Peile (1838–1910), English philologist |
| Benjamin Peirce (1809–1880), American mathematician and astronomer |
| Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637), French author |
| Peisander (fl. 640 B.C.?), Greek epic poet |
| Peisistratus (605?–528/7 B.C.), Athenian statesman |
| Saint Pelagia of Antioch (d. 311?), Virgin of fifteen years, who chose death by a leap from the housetop rather than dishonour |
| Pelagius, name of two popes |
| Pelagius (c. 360–c. 420), early British theologian |
| Pelham, name of an English family |
| Henry Pelham (1695?–1754), Prime Minister of England |
| Henry Francis Pelham (1846–1907), English scholar and historian |
| Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier (1794–1864), Marshal of France |
| John Pell (1611–1685), English mathematician |
| Camille Pelletan (1846–1915), French politician and journalist |
| Konrad Pellicanus (1478–1556), German theologian |
| Guillaume Pellicier (c. 1490–1568), French prelate and diplomatist |
| Silvio Pellico (1789–1854), Italian dramatist |
| Paul Pellisson (1624–1693), French author |
| Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924), Italian general and politician |
| Pelopidas (d. 364 B.C.), Theban statesman and general |
| Jules Pelouze (1807–1867), French chemist |
| Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785–1845), French physicist |
| John Clifford Pemberton (1814–1881), American soldier |
| Earls of Pembroke |
| Penda (d. 654/5), King of Mercia |
| Sir John Pender (1816–1896), British cable pioneer |
| Edmund Pendleton (1721–1803), American lawyer and statesman |
| George Hunt Pendleton (1825–1889), American lawyer and legislator |
| William Pengelly (1812–1894), English geologist and anthropologist |
| Samuel Penhallow (1665–1726), American colonist and historian |
| Sir Isaac Penington (c. 1587–1661), Lord Mayor of London |
| William Sydney Penley (1851–1912), English actor |
| John Penn (1729–1795), American colonial governor |
| John Penn (1741–1788), signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| Richard Penn (1735–1811), American colonial governor |
| Sir William Penn (1621–1670), British admiral |
| William Penn (1644–1718), English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania |
| Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), British naturalist and antiquary |
| Joseph Pennell (1857–1926), American artist and author |
| Giovanni Francesco Penni (c. 1496–c. 1528), Italian painter |
| John Penry (1559–1593), Welsh Puritan |
| Counts of Penthièvre |
| James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance (1816–1899), British jurist |
| Guglielmo Pepe (1783–1855), Neapolitan general |
| William Pepper (1843–1898), American physician |
| Sir William Pepperrell (1696–1759), American soldier |
| John Christopher Pepusch (1667–1752), English musician, of German parentage |
| Samuel Pepys (1633–1703), English diarist |
| Perceval, hero of a highly important group of romances |
| Spencer Perceval (1762–1812), Prime Minister of England |
| James Gates Percival (1795–1856), American poet, philologist and geologist |
| Percy, English family |
| Sir Henry Percy (1364–1403), called Hotspur, English noble |
| Thomas Percy (1729–1811), Bishop of Dromore, editor of the Percy Reliques |
| Perdiccas, name of three kings of Macedonia |
| José María de Pereda (1833–1906), one of the most distinguished of modern Spanish novelists |
| Peregrinus Proteus (100–165 A.D.), Cynic philosopher |
| Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715–1780), one of the inventors of deaf-mute language |
| Antonio Pérez (c. 1540–1611), Spanish statesman |
| Ginés Pérez de Hita (1544?–1619?), Spanish novelist and poet |
| Juan Pérez de Montalván (1602–1638), Spanish dramatist, poet and novelist |
| Fernán Pérez de Oliva (1494?–1533), Spanish man of letters |
| Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736), Italian musical composer |
| Michelangelo Pergolesi (d. 1801), Italian decorative artist |
| Jacopo Peri (1561–1633), Italian musical composer |
| Periander (625–585 B.C.), second tyrant of Corinth |
| Pericles (c. 495–429 B.C.), Athenian statesman |
| Casimir Périer (1777–1832), French statesman |
| Perino del Vaga (1500/1–1547), painter of the Roman school |
| Jacobus Perizonius (1651–1715), Dutch classical scholar |
| Sir William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), English chemist |
| William Henry Perkin (1860–1929), English chemist |
| Charles Callahan Perkins (1823–1886), American artist and author |
| Jacob Perkins (1766–1849), American inventor and physicist |
| Joseph Perles (1835–1894), Jewish rabbi |
| Andrew Perne (c. 1519–1589), Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University and Dean of Ely |
| Engelbert Pernerstorfer (1850–1918), Austrian politician |
| John James Stewart Perowne (1823–1904), English Bishop |
| Pērōz (d. 484), Sassanid King of Persia |
| Charles Perrault (1628–1703), French author |
| Alice Perrers (c. 1348–1400), mistress of the English King Edward III. |
| Pierre Cuillier Perron (1755–1834), French military adventurer in India |
| Giovanni Perrone (1794–1876), Italian theologian |
| Sir John Perrot (c. 1527–1592), Lord Deputy of Ireland |
| John Perry (1850–1920), English electrician and physicist |
| Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794–1858), American naval officer |
| Nora Perry (1831–1896), American poet and author |
| Oliver Hazard Perry (1785–1819), American naval officer |
| Perseus of Macedonia (b. c. 212 B.C.), last King of Macedonia |
| John Joseph Pershing (1860–1948), American soldier |
| Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, Duc de Persigny (1808–1872), French statesman |
| Persius (34–62 A.D.), Roman poet and satirist |
| Earls and Dukes of Perth |
| Friedrich Christoph Perthes (1772–1843), German publisher |
| Justus Perthes (1749–1816), German publisher |
| Publius Helvius Pertinax (126–193), Roman Emperor |
| Georg Heinrich Pertz (1795–1876), German historian |
| Pietro Perugino (c. 1450–1523), Italian painter |
| Baldassare Peruzzi (1481–1536), Italian architect and painter of the Roman school |
| Ferdinando Francesco d’Avalos, Marquis of Pescara (1489–1525), Italian condottiere |
| Gaius Pescennius Niger (135–194), Governor of Syria |
| Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827), Swiss educational reformer |
| Philippe Pétain (1856–1951), French soldier |
| Denis Pétau (1583–1652), Jesuit scholar |
| Saint Peter, chief of the Twelve Apostles |
| Peter the Great (1672–1725), Emperor of Russia |
| Peter II. (1715–1730), Emperor of Russia |
| Peter III. (1728–1762), Emperor of Russia |
| Peter, name of several Spanish kings |
| Saint Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072), one of the most celebrated ecclesiastics of the 11th century |
| Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160), Bishop of Paris, better known as Magister sententiarum |
| Peter of Aigueblanche (d. 1268), Bishop of Hereford |
| Peter of Blois (c. 1135–c. 1212), French writer |
| Peter of Courtenay (d. 1219), Emperor of Romania |
| Peter of Duisburg (d. c. 1326), German chronicler |
| Peter of Langtoft (d. c. 1307), English chronicler |
| Peter of Maricourt (Thirteenth Century), French savant |
| Peter of Savoy (c. 1203–1268), Earl of Richmond |
| Peter the Hermit (d. 1115), Priest of Amiens |
| Peter the Wild Boy (fl. 1725–1785), Hanoverian imbecile |
| Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough (1658–1735), English soldier and statesman |
| August Heinrich Petermann (1822–1878), German cartographer |
| Hugh Peters (1598–1660), English Independent divine |
| Carl Peters (1856–1918), German traveller in Africa |
| Sir William Peterson (1856–1921), British educationalist |
| John Petherick (1813–1882), Welsh traveller in East Central Africa |
| Jérôme Pétion (1756–1794), French writer and politician |
| François Pétis de la Croix (1653–1713), French orientalist |
| Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit (1823–1901), Parsee philanthropist |
| Louis Petit de Julleville (1841–1900), French scholar |
| Jean Petitot (1607–1691), French-Swiss enamel painter |
| Jean Louis Petitot (1652–c. 1730), French enamel painter |
| Sir Samuel Morton Peto (1809–1889), English contractor |
| Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), Hungarian lyric poet |
| Petrarch (1304–1374), the great Italian poet and first true reviver of learning in medieval Europe |
| Edward Petre (1631–1699), Jesuit confessor of King James II. |
| Sir William Petre (c. 1505–1572), English politician |
| William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853–1942), English egyptologist |
| Petronius (c. 27–66), Roman writer |
| Pandolfo Petrucci (1452–1512), Tyrant of Siena |
| Petrus de Abano (c. 1250–c. 1315), Italian physician and philosopher |
| August von Pettenkofen (1821–1889), Austrian painter |
| Max von Pettenkofer (1818–1901), Bavarian chemist and hygienist |
| John Pettie (1839–1893), Scottish painter |
| Sir William Petty (1623–1687), English statistician and political economist |
| Konrad Peutinger (1465–1546/7), German humanist and antiquarian |
| Johann Friedrich Pfaff (1765–1825), German mathematician |
| Franz Pfeiffer (1815–1868), German scholar |
| Ida Pfeiffer (1797–1858), Austrian traveller |
| Karl, Freiherr von Pflanzer-Baltin (1855–1925), Austro-Hungarian general |
| Otto Pfleiderer (1839–1908), German Protestant theologian |
| Phaedo of Elis (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek philosopher, founder of the Elian school |
| Phaedrus (First Century A.D.), Roman fabulist |
| Phaenias Eresius (c. 375–c. 300 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Phalaris (Sixth Century B.C.), Tyrant of Acragas (Agrigentum) in Sicily |
| Phanocles (Fourth Century B.C.?), Greek elegiac poet |
| Pharnabazus (Fourth Century B.C.), Persian soldier and statesman |
| Thomas Phayer (1510?–1560), English translator of Virgil |
| Pheidon (Eighth or Seventh Century B.C.), King of Argos |
| Austin Phelps (1820–1890), American Congregational minister and educationalist |
| Edward John Phelps (1822–1900), American lawyer and diplomat |
| Samuel Phelps (1804–1878), English actor and manager |
| William Walter Phelps (1839–1894), American public man |
| Phelypeaux, French family of Blésois |
| Pherecrates (Fifth Century B.C.), Greek poet of the Old Attic Comedy |
| Pherecydes of Syros (Sixth Century B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Phidias (500–430 B.C.), most famous of Greek sculptors |
| Philaret (1554?–1633), Patriarch of Moscow |
| Philemon (c. 368–c. 264 B.C.), Greek poet of the New Comedy |
| Manuel Philes (c. 1275–c. 1345), Byzantine poet |
| Philētas (330 B.C.–270 B.C.), Alexandrian poet and critic |
| François Danican Philidor (1726–1795), French composer and chess-player |
| Philip, one of the Twelve Apostles |
| Philip the Evangelist, New Testament figure |
| Philip I., King of Macedonia, a semi-legendary prince |
| Philip of Macedon (382–336 B.C.), King of Macedonia |
| Philip III. (c. 359–317 B.C.), King of Macedonia |
| Philip IV. (d. 297 B.C.), King of Macedonia |
| Philip V. (238–179 B.C.), King of Macedonia |
| Philip I. (1052–1108), King of France |
| Philip II. (1165–1223), known as Philip Augustus, King of France |
| Philip III. (1245–1285), surnamed “the Bold,” King of France |
| Philip IV. (1268–1314), called “the Fair,” King of France |
| Philip V. (1294–1322), “the Tall,” King of France |
| Philip VI. (1293–1350), King of France |
| Philip (c. 1177–1208), German King and Duke of Swabia |
| Philip I. (1478–1506), the Handsome, King of Spain |
| Philip II. (1527–1598), King of Spain |
| Philip III. (1578–1621), King of Spain |
| Philip IV. (1605–1665), King of Spain |
| Philip V. (1683–1746), King of Spain |
| Philip the Bold (1342–1404), Duke of Burgundy |
| Philip the Good (1396–1467), Duke of Burgundy |
| Philip, Landgrave of Hesse (1504–1567), son of the landgrave William II. |
| John Philip (1775–1851), British missionary in South Africa |
| King Philip (c. 1639–1676), Chief sachem of the Wampanoag Indians in America |
| Philippa of Hainaut (c. 1314–1369), Queen of the English King Edward III. |
| Philippicus (fl. 713), East Roman Emperor |
| Marcus Julius Philippus (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor |
| Ambrose Philips (1674–1749), English poet |
| John Philips (1676–1709), English poet and man of letters |
| Francis Charles Philips (1849–1921), English novelist and dramatist |
| Katherine Philips (‘Orinda’) (1632–1664), English poet |
| Philistus (430–356 B.C.), Greek historian of Sicily |
| Robert Phillimore (1810–1885), English judge |
| Walter George Frank, Baron Phillimore (1845–1929), English judge |
| John Phillip (1817–1867), Scottish painter |
| Adelaide Phillipps (1833–1882), American contralto singer |
| Edward Phillips (1630–1696?), English author |
| John Phillips (1800–1874), English geologist |
| Lawrence Barnett Phillips (1842–1922), British inventor and painter |
| Samuel Phillips (1814–1854), English journalist |
| Stephen Phillips (1868–1915), British poet and dramatist |
| Thomas Phillips (1770–1845), English portrait and subject painter |
| Wendell Phillips (1811–1884), American orator and reformer |
| William Phillips (1775–1828), British mineralogist and geologist |
| Eden Phillpotts (1862–1960), British novelist, poet and dramatist |
| Henry Phillpotts (1778–1869), English Bishop |
| Philo (c. 20 B.C.–40 A.D.), Jewish philosopher |
| Philo of Byblus (First Century), Greek grammarian |
| Philo of Byzantium (Second Century B.C.?), Greek writer on mechanics |
| Philo of Larissa (159–84 B.C.), Greek philosopher |
| Philochorus (Third Century B.C.), Greek historian |
| Philodemus (First Century B.C.), Epicurean philosopher and poet |
| Philolaus (c. 470–c. 385 B.C.), Greek philosopher of the Pythagorean school |
| Philon (Fourth Century B.C.), Athenian architect |
| Philopoemen (252–183 B.C.), Greek general |
| John Philoponus (Sixth Century), John the Grammarian, Greek philosopher of Alexandria |
| Philostratus, name of several Greek sophists of the Roman imperial period |
| Philoxenus of Cythera (c. 435–380 B.C.), Greek dithyrambic poet |
| Philoxenus of Mabbōg (d. 523), one of the best of Syriac prose writers |
| Sir William Phips (1651–1695), colonial Governor of Massachusetts |
| Phlegon of Tralles (Second Century), Greek writer |
| Phocas (547–610), East Roman Emperor |
| Phocion (c. 402–318 B.C.), Athenian statesman and general |
| Phocylides (fl. 544–541 B.C.), Greek gnomic poet of Miletus |
| Saint Photius (c. 820–891), Patriarch of Constantinople |
| Phraates, name of five Parthian kings |
| George Phrantza (1401–c. 1477), last Byzantine historian |
| Phraortes (Seventh Century B.C.), King of Media |
| Phryne (Fourth Century B.C.), Greek courtesan |
| Phrynichus, one of the earliest of the Greek tragedians |
| Phylarchus (Third Century B.C.), Greek historian |
| John James Piatt (1835–1917), American poet |
| Alfredo Carlo Piatti (1822–1901), Italian violoncellist |
| Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826), Italian astronomer |
| Guy du Faur, Seigneur de Pibrac (1529–1584), French jurist and poet |
| Ernest Picard (1821–1877), French politician |
| Niccolò Piccinni (1728–1800), Italian musical composer |
| Piccolomini, name of an Italian noble family |
| Ottavio Piccolomini (1599–1656), Duke of Amalfi, Austrian general |
| Charles Pichegru (1761–1804), French general |
| Caroline Pichler (1769–1843), Austrian novelist |
| Andrew Pickens (1739–1817), American soldier in the War of Independence |
| Francis Wilkinson Pickens (1805–1869), American politician |
| Edward Charles Pickering (1846–1919), American physicist and astronomer |
| John Pickering (1777–1846), American scholar |
| Timothy Pickering (1745–1829), American politician |
| George Edward Pickett (1825–1875), American soldier |
| William Lamb Picknell (1853–1897), American landscape-painter |
| Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494), Italian philosopher and writer |
| François Jules Pictet (1809–1872), Swiss zoologist and palæontologist |
| Sir Thomas Picton (1758–1815), British general |
| Franklin Pierce (1804–1869), fourteenth President of the United States |
| Piero della Francesca (1416?–1492), Italian painter of the Umbrian school |
| Piero di Cosimo (1462–1521), Florentine painter |
| John Pierpont (1785–1866), American poet |
| Pierre de Castelnau (d. 1208), French ecclesiastic |
| Pierrepont, American family |
| William Pierrepont (c. 1607–1678), English politician |
| Arthur Tappan Pierson (1837–1911), American clergyman |
| Henry Hugo Pierson (1815–1873), English composer |
| Pietro della Vigna (c. 1190–1249), Chancellor and secretary to the Emperor Frederick II. |
| Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (1714–1785), French sculptor |
| Pigault-Lebrun (1753–1835), French novelist |
| George, Baron Pigot (1719–1777), English Governor of Madras |
| Albert Pike (1809–1891), American author and soldier |
| Zebulon Montgomery Pike (1779–1813), American explorer and soldier |
| Leonzio Pilato (d. 1366), one of the earliest promoters of Greek studies in western Europe |
| James Constantine Pilling (1846–1895), American bibliographer |
| Gideon Johnson Pillow (1806–1878), American soldier |
| Karl von Piloty (1826–1886), German painter |
| Isidore Pils (1813–1875), French historical painter |
| Rui de Pina (1440–1521), Portuguese chronicler |
| Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (1837–1921), American politician |
| Charles Pinckney (1757–1824), American statesman |
| Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746–1825), American statesman |
| Thomas Pinckney (1750–1828), American statesman and diplomat |
| Pindar (c. 522–443 B.C.), the great lyric poet of ancient Greece |
| Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), French physician |
| Arthur Wing Pinero (1855–1934), English dramatist |
| Allan Pinkerton (1819–1884), American detective |
| John Pinkerton (1758–1826), Scottish archæologist, numismatist and author |
| Edward Coate Pinkney (1802–1828), American poet |
| William Pinkney (1764–1822), American lawyer and statesman |
| William Pinnock (1782–1843), English publisher and educational writer |
| Ciro Pinsuti (1829–1888), Anglo-Italian composer |
| Aníbal Pinto (1825–1884), Chilean President |
| Fernão Mendes Pinto (1509–1583), Portuguese adventurer |
| Pinturicchio (1454–1513), Italian painter |
| George John Pinwell (1842–1875), British water-colour painter |
| Pinzon, family of wealthy Spanish navigators |
| Pio di Savoia, ancient noble Italian family |
| Hester Lynch Piozzi (1741–1821), English writer |
| Carl Piper (1647–1716), Swedish statesman |
| Pippin, name of three members of the Carolingian family |
| Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720–1778), Italian engraver of ancient architectural subjects |
| Octave Pirmez (1832–1883), Belgian author |
| Alexis Piron (1689–1773), French epigrammatist and dramatist |
| Carlo Pisacane (1818–1857), Italian revolutionary |
| Pisanello (1395–c. 1455), Italian medallist |
| Vettor Pisani (1324–1380), Venetian admiral |
| Andrea Pisano (c. 1270–1348?), Italian sculptor |
| Giovanni Pisano (c. 1240–c. 1320), Italian architect and sculptor |
| Niccola Pisano (c. 1206–c. 1280), Italian sculptor and architect |
| Alexey Feofilactovich Pisemsky (1820–1881), Russian novelist |
| Piso, name of a distinguished Roman family |
| Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), French painter |
| Archibald Pitcairn (1652–1713), Scottish physician |
| Pierre Pithou (1539–1596), French lawyer and scholar |
| Emma Raymond Pitman (b. 1841), English authoress |
| Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), English phonographer |
| Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni (1657–1743), Italian musical composer |
| Giuseppe Pitrè (1841–1916), Italian folklorist
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