the verb-stem in combination with a sb., adv., or adj., forming sbs. and adjs., in the sense ‘that turns or is turned,’ ‘for turning,’ in various uses of the verb. The more important compounds are entered as Main words: see TURNCOAT, TURNKEY, TURN-OUT, TURNPIKE, TURNSPIT, TURNSTONE, etc.; those of less importance follow here. Turn-away, † (a) one who turns away; a deserter, forsaker (obs.); (b) the act of turning people away from a place of assembly already full; also transf.; turn-bat, in Metallurgy: see quot.; turn-beam, the drum of a windlass; turn-bench, a small portable lathe used by watchmakers, etc.; turn-bolt, † (a) a wrench or spanner; (b) a bolt that rotates, as to unlock a mechanism; turn-boat, a boat used as a turn-mark in yacht-racing; † turn-bout [BOUT adv.2] = TURN-BUCKLE 1; turn-bridge, a bridge turning horizontally on a pivot; a swing-bridge; turn-button, a small bar pivoted near its center, so that when turned its end engages with a catch, the edge of a door, or the like; turn-cap, (a) (also turn-cap lily), Lilium Martagon; (b) a revolving cowl; turn-crowned a., having the feathers on the crown reversed, as some varieties of the domestic pigeon: cf. turn-pate; turn-file: see quot.; † turn-frame = TURN-TABLE 1; turn-furrow, the mould-board of a plow; turn-gate = TURNSTILE; turn-hole, an eddy or whirlpool; turn-in a. rare, that turns or folds in; turn-lathe, a turning-lathe; turn-mark, a buoy or boat round which yachts turn in racing; turn-net: see quot.; turn-off a., that is turned off, or turns off; that is taken or got off by turning or screwing; sb. that which is turned off; in quot., the quantity of any product finished and disposed of; † turn-pate, a crested pigeon: cf. turn-crowned; turn-penny, a person who is intent on profit (cf. TURN v. 15 b); turn-pin, (a) a pin that turns, or on which something turns; a pivot; (b) a conical plug for stopping or enlarging the end of a pipe; turn-plate, † (a) a curved plate-rail; (b) = TURN-TABLE 1; turn-plough, a plow with a mould-board, which turns over the furrow-slice, as distinct from a shovel-plough (Cent. Dict., Supp., 1909); † turn-point, turning-point; in quot., the sun’s ‘turning-point’: see TROPIC sb. 1 a; † turn-poke, in cock-fighting, a game-cock of the largest breed; = SHAKE-BAG 1; turn-rail = TURN-TABLE 1; also, a point or switch for directing railway vehicles from one line to another; turn-row, the space at the side of a field in which the horses turn in plowing, used as a path (U.S.); turn-saw, a narrow saw for cutting curves (= turning-saw, TURNING vbl. sb. 13); turn-scale a., that (merely) turns the scale: cf. MAKE-WEIGHT 2; turn-screw, a screw-driver; also, a wrench; turn-shoe, a shoe that is made inside out and then turned: see quots.; a pump; turn-side, a disease of cattle, also affecting the dog, resembling the gid in sheep: cf. TURN-SICK sb., TURNABOUT b; turn-skin (rendering L. versipellis), one who turns or changes his skin; spec. one who can turn into a wolf at will, a were-wolf; † turn-stair, a winding staircase; turn-stick, a tourniquet consisting of a bandage tightened by twisting a stick or bar passed through it; turn-stitch, in knitting, = purl-stitch (PURL sb.1 5); in lace-making: see quot. 18822; turn-stool, a stool with a revolving seat; † turn-tale Rhet. = APOSTROPHE1 1; † turn-tippet, a turncoat, a renegade: see TIPPET sb. 1 e; turn-to, a tussle, a set-to; also, a beginning or setting to work (in quot. attrib.); † turn-tool, a turning lathe; turn-tree = turn-beam; turn-trencher, a game of forfeits in which a trencher or the like is spun; more commonly turn the trencher; turn-under, the curving in of a carriage-body towards the bottom; † turn-wheel, ? a boy employed to turn a lathe or rope-wheel; † turn-wicket, a kissing-gate.
1688. Bunyan, Jerus. Sinner Saved (1886), 42. Witness those *turn-aways from God that you also read of in Jeremiah.
1858. Dickens, Lett., 11 Aug. Wherever I read twice the turn-away is invariably on the second occasion. Ibid. (1867), (1880), II. 277. We had an enormous turn-away last night, and do not doubt about having a cram to-night.
1881. Raymond, Mining Gloss., *Turn-bat, a wooden stick used in turning the tongs which hold a bloom under the hammer.
1909. in Cent. Dict. Suppl.
1679. Phil. Collect., XII. 7. The *turn-beam which hangs over the shaft has been thrown off its frame by the force of it [explosion].
1828. Webster, s.v. Jig-pin, A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, and prevent them from turning.
1680. Moxon, Mech. Exerc., xiii. 225. An Iron Lathe called a *Turn-Bench … When they use it they screw it in the Chaps of a Vice.
1688. R. Holme, Armoury, III. 359/2. To work small work in Metal … a Turn-Bench.
1895. Model Steam Engine, 94. Turn Bench … a miniature lathe, used for small turning, and to which the … circular motion is imparted by a catgut bow.
1896. Daily News, 29 June, 7/1. Ailsa rapidly gained…, and at the *turn-boat she had reduced the gap between her and Britannia to five minutes.
1569. in Richmond Wills (Surtees), 226. Inventorium … a *torne boltte: a peate sledd … etc.
1898. Daily News, 9 May, 3/1. The Lee Turnbolt Rifle … is easily kept in order by a soldier or sportsman.
1703. T. N., City & C. Purchaser, 100. Smiths … ask’d me 6d. per Pound for Casements … with *Turn-bouts (or Turn-buckles, as some call’d ’em) or Cock-spurs, and Pull-backs at the Hind-side to pull them to with.
1767. S. Paterson, Another Trav., I. 109. Their draw bridges,… *turn bridges, as the bars of turnpikes.
1861. Smiles, Engineers, II. 361. The turnbridges which he introduced upon his canals, instead of the old drawbridges.
1849. Noad, Electricity, ix. (ed. 3), 419. The rings are secured in the circular rabbett of the square piece of wood … by small *turn buttons.
1893. J. A. Hodges, Elem. Photogr. (1907). 33. Two turn-buttons, screwed to the window frame, will keep the frame in position.
1688. R. Holme, Armoury, II. 65/2. The Mountain Lilly Imperial,… by Florists called Martagon Imperial, but by common People the *Turn-Cap.
1842. G. Francis, Dict. Arts, Turn-Cap, a chimney top, which turns round with the wind.
1908. [Miss Fowler], Betw. Trent & Ancholme, 14. The little bright scarlet or ‘Turn-cap’ Lily.
1765. Treat. Dom. Pigeons, 134. The Trumpeter … very feather-footed and leg’d, *turn-crown’d like the nun.
1859. Darwin, Orig. Spec., v. (1872), 127. The parent rock-pigeon was not feather-footed or turn-crowned.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., *Turn-file, a burnisher used in throwing up slight burs on the edges of the comb-maker’s files, the teeth of which are originally made by the file and not by the chisel.
1789. Brand, Hist. Newcastle, II. 256, note. Waggons, after being emptied, are brought round into the road or waggon-way by a *turn-frame.
1837. Flemish Husb., 15, in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb., III. The sole is a kind of sledge, formed by the end of the share towards the heel, and the lower edge of the *turn-furrow.
1905. Pall Mall G., 29 May, 2/2. Some belated visitor hurrying to leave the gardens by one of the *turngates.
1851. Newland, The Erne, 352. I … gaffed him out of the great boiling *turnhole below.
1894. Outing (U.S.), XXIV. 249/2. Under the seat … of the car was a sort of turn-up or *turn-in bunk, with a comfortable hair-mattress.
1665–6. Phil. Trans., I. 71. The contrivance of Signor Campani for making Great Optick-Glasses, by the means of a *Turn-lath.
1896. Daily News, 29 June, 7/1. Britannia closed on the leaders and had the *turn mark first.
1883. G. C. Davies, Norfolk Broads, xxxvi. (1884), 273. The *‘turn-net.’… This was a long drag-net, having a pocket at one end. This end was fixed to the bank, and the other paid out so as to enclose a space of water, and then drawn ashore, when the fish were driven into the pocket.
1688. R. Holme, Armoury, III. xviii. (Roxb.), 135/1. A *Turn off screwed barrell is a barrell of two peeces and screwed together iust at the height of the charge. Ibid. Turn off vnscrewed, is when the barrell is in two peeces as foresaid and the top part bored round.
1889. Daily News, 5 Aug., 11/3. The turnoff from looms is very limited, prices very steady, Bleached and finished stocks are very small.
1611. Cotgr., s.v. Hupé, Pigeons hupez, copped, or crested Pigeons, called about London, *Turne-pats.
[1834. Scott, Redgauntlet, xii. That’s always the way with old *Turnpenny,… he cares for nothing of the trade but the profit.]
1872. De Morgan, Budget of Paradoxes, 83. Some observant turn-penny might construct such a treatise as this from the third book.
1862. Catal. Internat. Exhib., II. xi. 16. The centre of the breech-piece being cut away, all the strain acts upon the attaching of the *turnpin.
1877. Knight, Dict. Mech., Turn-pin, a plug for stopping the flow from the open end of a pipe. A tube-stopper.
1797. J. Curr, Coal Viewer, 25. Plain *turn plates. Used for going round a turn.
1838. Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl., I. 164/2. The shed for the engines and the coaches is erected—the necessary turnplates fixed.
1587. Golding, De Mornay, vii. (1592), 86. The Sunne maketh there his naturall course in the Zodiacke between the two Tropickes or *Turnepointes.
1615. Markham, Pleas. Princes (1635), 42. The huge Cocke (which we call the *turne-Pocke).
1773. Pegge, in Archæologia (1775), III. 142. What our sportsmen call Shakebags, or Turn-pokes.
1793. Smeaton, Edystone L., § 167, note. The carriage being turned a quarter round upon the Turnpike, or *Turnrail.
1801. W. Coxe, Monmouthshire, xxiv. II. 231. At the junction of two roads…, moveable rails, called turn rails, are occasionally used, which are fastened with screws…, and may be pushed sideways.
1838. Simms, Publ. Wks. Gt. Brit., 49. The turn-rails to be twelve feet diameter … the table to be hung on a centre pivot.
1888. Atlantic Monthly, May, 677/1. All adown the *turn-row between the ranks of corn.
1875. Carpentry & Join., 16. For cutting out curved or circular pieces,… the sweep saw or *turn saw … comes into … use.
1841. L’pool Mercury, 11 June, 196/2. The majority … was only a *turn-scale one; but it was expected to be on the other side.
1801. Sporting Mag., XVII. 148. Be the spare flint, and ready *turn-screw there.
1837. Civil Eng. & Architect’s Jrnl., I. 29/1. The fourth was screwed into the bed of the river … by a curious windlass, and lengthening turn-screw, worked by forty men.
1889. Henty, With Lee in Virginia (1890), 176. By a strong turn-screw a bar could be removed in five minutes.
1886. Encycl. Brit., XXI. 830/2. The making of *‘turn shoes’ embraces all work in which there is only one thin flexible sole which is sewed to the upper while outside in and turned over when completed.
Mod. Advt. The shoe is made inside out and then turned. ‘Turn shoes’ they are called in some parts of the country.
1845. Youatt, Dog, vi. 118. *Turnside, or Giddiness … a singular disease prevalent among cattle, but only occasionally seen in the dog.
1831. A. H., in Sir F. Madden, Will. & Werwolf (1832), 6. That notion has become so inveterate, that a *turnskin (versipellis) is become a common term of reproach.
1861. T. L. Peacock, Gryll Gr., xxxiv. I felt that he was a turnskin, and I could never after taste bread with him.
1871. Tylor, Prim. Cult., I. iii. 77. Men who are versipelles or turnskins have the actual faculty of jumping out of their skins, to become for a time wolves.
1616. Surfl. & Markh., Country Farme, 17. Vnder, or vpon the side of your *turne-stayres,… your Farmer shall haue a way into the Gardens.
1813. J. Thomson, Lect. Inflam., 259. The *turn-stick is still a very useful instrument,… but its place in operation is now generally supplied by the screw tourniquet.
1882. Caulfeild & Saward, Dict. Needlework, 286/2. *Turn-Stitch, another name for Purl. Ibid., 504/2. Turn Stitch. Also known as Turning Stitch, used [in lace-making] … at the end of a row … is made with a Cloth Stitch and a half-Cloth Stitch as follows: Work a Cloth Stitch, give each pair of Bobbins one Twist to the left, put the middle left hand Bobbin over the middle right; lift the two pairs with each hand.
1893. Eliz. Rosevear, Text-bk. Needlework, etc., 405. Purl, Pearl, Seam, Rib, and Turn Stitch all mean the same thing.
1890. S. W. Baker, Wild Beasts, I. 153. The watcher will sit upon a low *turn stool, that will enable him to rest in comfort.
1589. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, III. xix. (Arb.), 244. Apostrophe, or the *turnetale.
1558. Cranmer, Confut. Unwritten Verities, Pref. C ij, margin. The priestes for the most part wer double faced, *turne tippettes and flattere[r]s.
1562. Pilkington, Expos. Abdyas, Pref. 14. All turntippets that turn with the worlde, and kepe their livings still, should have no office in Christs Church.
1893. Huxley, Evol. & Ethics, 7. A *turn-to with a giant.
1909. Chron. Lond. Mission. Soc., Aug., 150/2. This nine o’clock ‘turn-to’ whistle is also the signal for a girls’ muster.
1665. Phil. Trans., I. 2. Campani … pretends to have found a way to work great Optick Glasses with a *Turne-tool, without any mould.
1653. Manlove, Lead-mines, 268 (E.D.S.). Crosses, Holes, Hange-benches, *Turntree, and Coes.
1747. Hooson, Miner’s Dict., E ij. If he once set on his Stoce and Turn-tree, and falls to drawing.
1829. Glover’s Hist. Derby, I. 74. The spindles of a turn-tree, or rope-barrel, for winding up ore in small tubs.
1837. Howitt, Rur. Life, II. ii. (1862), 101. The old games of blindman’s-buff, *turn-trencher and forfeits … pursued in the evening firelight.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Turn-under.
1903. Westm. Gaz., 16 Nov., 4/2. The back panel in particular is conspicuously attractive, by reason of … the ‘big turn-under’ from top to bottom, the very large side-sweep.
1672–3. in Welch, Hist. Pewterers’ Co. (1902), II. 145. [Richard Heath was summoned … for setting his] *Turn Wheel to work on ye mistery [by employing him to pour saudware and open a mould. A ‘turn wheel’ was an unskilled labourer, usually a lad].
1816. T. Parker, Ess. Turnpike Gate, 18. The three posts in front of the *turn-wicket should be sawed into octagons.
