the prec. word as a formative element in chemical terms (first in Ger. toluin, Berzelius 1842, whence in Eng. toluol 1845, toluene 1871). Toluate, a salt of toluic acid, as toluate of calcium, C16H14Ca″O4, Toluene [so named because obtained by Deville 1841, by the dry distillation of tolu balsam], C7H8 Benzylic hydride, C7H7.H, a colorless very mobile strongly refracting liquid, with a smell like benzene and a burning taste; discovered by Pelletier and Walter, 1837; the source of many compounds and substitution products, into the names of which it enters, e.g., chlorotoluene, methyltoluene, toluene-sulphuric, etc.; hence Toluenic a., as toluenic sulphydrate. Toluic a. [tolu(ene + -IC], in toluic or toluylic acid, C8H8O2, an aromatic acid, homologous with benzoic acid, prepared from toluene, cymene, or xylene; so toluic aldehyde, C8H7OH, toluic chloride, C8H7OCl, toluic ether, etc. Toluides, compounds homologous with the anilides, derived from toluidine salts by abstraction of water, e.g., aceto-toluide. Toluidine, also called amidotoluene, and formerly toluylia, C7H7(NH2), a crystalline base, produced by the action of sulphydric acid on nitrotoluene, solidifying in snow-white crystals, which gradually turn brown on contact with the air; it is the source of numerous compounds, e.g., azotoluidine, phenyltoluidine, etc. Toluol, earlier name of toluene. Toluoxyl, C8H7O, the radical of toluic acid and its derivatives. Toluric a. [URIC], in toluric acid, C10H11NO3, also called toluglycic acid, homologous with hippuric acid, produced in the passage of toluic acid through the animal body; its salts are Tolurates. Toluyl [-YL], the radical, C8H9; hence Toluylic a., of or belonging to toluyl, as toluylic alcohol, C8H8OH, etc.
1860. Kopp, in Phil. Trans., CL. 262. *Toluate of Ethyl … C20H12O1.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 862. A mixture of toluate and formate of calcium yields by distillation toluic aldehyde, C8H8O.
1871. Jrnl. Chem. Soc., XXIV. 680. On the determination of the chemical position in some *Toluene derivatives.
1887. Standard, 16 Sept., 3/3. The toluene was the root substance from which … saccharine was prepared.
1894. Daily News, 26 Jan., 5/4. One ton of good cannel coal, when distilled in gas retorts, leaves twelve gallons of coal-tar, from which are produced a pound of benzine, a pound of toluene, a pound and a-half of phenol, six pounds of naphthalene, a small quantity of xylene, and half-a-pound of anthracene for dyeing purposes.
1857. Miller, Elem. Chem., III. 430. In the benzoic series the existence of three homologous terms,… the benzoic, the *toluic, and the cuminic series. Ibid., 475. But the acid … the toluic (or toluylic), is known.
1873. Watts, Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11), 816. Toluic Acid is derived from dimethylbenzene.
1880. Nature, XXI. 218/2. A toluic alcohol.
1850. Daubeny, Atom. The., viii. (ed. 2), 243. Methylaniline being identical with *toluidine, an alkali obtained from the balsam of Tolu.
1857. Miller, Elem. Chem., III. 467. Benzo-hydrochloric ether when heated in a sealed tube with ammonia furnishes the volatile base toluidine.
1866. Roscoe, Elem. Chem., 348. A basic substance … analogous to aniline, and called amido-toluol, or Toluidine.
1845–8. Noad, in Mem. & Proc. Chem. Soc., III. 422. Proposed the more appropriate name of *toluol.
1857. Miller, Elem. Chem., III. 479. When balsam of tolu is distilled, it yields benzoic ether and a hydrocarbon … termed toluole.
1863. Tyndall, Heat, i. 20. Let us compare in this respect toluol and water.
1866. Roscoe, Elem. Chem., 335. A series of bodies, isomeric with these toluol compounds, exists.
1892. Anthony’s Photogr. Bull., IV. 415. Formula for the production of toluol matt varnish.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 869. *Toluric acid crystallises from boiling water in colourless laminæ; from alcohol in trimetric prisms. Ibid., *Toluyl. C8H9. The radicle of toluylic alcohol and its allied compounds; isomeric with xylyl.
1873. Ralfe, Phys. Chem., Introd. 19. Benzene C6H6 and Toluene C7H8 are the most important members of this series…. From them are derived the important monad radicals phenyl C6H5 and toluyl C7H7.
1896. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., I. 196. The action on the blood of certain poisons, such as arseniuretted hydrogen and toluyl-endiamine.
1862. Miller, Elem. Chem. (ed. 2), III. 462. *Toluyha is a fusible crystalline solid, which boils at 388°.
1857. *Toluylic [see toluic].
