v. Obs. exc. dial. Forms: α. (1 tendan), 2–3 tenden, 3–5 tende, 4 (3rd pers. sing.) tent; pa. t. 3–5 tende, 4 tendede; pa. pple. 2–4 itend, 2 itent, itende, 3–5 tende, 4 ytend, β. 4 teende, 6–7 (9 dial.) teend; pa. pple. 4 teendid. γ. 3 tiende, 5 tynd, 6 tinde, 6–7 tynde, 5– tind; pa. pple. 6 tynded, 6–7 tinded. δ. 6 tīnde, 6–7 ? tynde, 6–9 tīnd. ε. 5 tynne, 6–7 tinne, 7–9 tin; pa. t. and pple. 7 tinn’d. ζ. 5–6 tyne, 7 tine; pa. t. 6 tynde, tind; pa. pple. 5 tyned, 6 tynde, tind, 6–7 tined. η. 5–6 teyne, pa. pple. y-, iteyned. θ. 7, 9 teen, pa. t. and pple. teened. [ME. had tend-e(n from 1175 to 1425; also, in Wyclif and down to 17th c., with lengthened vowel, teende(n, in some mod. dialects teend. From c. 1400 onward also tind and tīnd (see γ, δ forms). Later with loss of final d from both forms (perh. arising out of shortened pa. pple. tind, tīnd, teend, taken as = tin-d, tīne-d, teen-d, hence inf. tin, tīne, teen; but reduction of -nd to -n is found in many other words). In mod. dial. surviving from Scotl. to Cornwall: see quots. and Eng. Dial. Dict. Early ME. tenden corresponded to an OE. *tęndan (in comp. ontęndan, atęndan, fortęndan, to set fire to, kindle, and in vbl. sb. tęnding, Napier, Contrib. to OE. Lexic.), corresp. to Goth. tandjan, Da. tænde, Sw. tända; causal of *tindan str. vb. (ablaut series tind-, tand-, tund-), to be on fire, burn, glow, represented by MHG. zinden str. vb., in same sense. The history of early ME. tiende, tinde, now tind, tīnd, is more difficult: as no other example is known of OE. and ME. -end becoming later -ind, much less -īnd, it is probable that we have here a parallel formation, representing an OE. *tyndan (from the weak ablaut grade tund-), cognate with OHG. zunten (from *zuntjan:—*tundjan), MHG. and Ger. zünden to set on fire, kindle, and OE. tynder TINDER. In that case, tend (teend, teen, teyne) and tind (tynd, tīnd, tin, tīne, tyne) are two distinct but parallel and synonymous formations from the same root verb.]
1. trans. To set fire to, ignite, light, kindle (a fire, lamp, torch, flame, etc.).
α. [a. 901. Laws K. Ælfred, Prol. c. 27. Gif fyr sie ontended ryt to bærnanne.
a. 1000. trans. Bæda’s De Temporibus, in Sax. Leechd., III. 242. Ðonne he [moon] of hyre [sun] ontend byþ.
a. 1050. O. E. Chron., an. 994 (MS. C). Eac hi mid fyre on tendon woldan.
c. 1100. Charms, in Sax. Leechd., III. 286. Ontend þreo candela.]
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 81. He wule aquikien and al þe brond tenden.
1340–70. Alex. & Dind., 233. Of a torche þat is tend, tak an en-sample.
1377. Langl., P. Pl., B. XVIII. 238. Þo þat weren in heuene token stella comata, And tendeden hir [C. XXI. 250 tenden hit] as a torche.
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), II. 17. I-tend in þe fire hit feseþ awey serpentes.
c. 1400. Laud Troy Bk., 17978. The Troyens … tende hire fir more than ten sithe, But it ȝede out.
c. 1425. Seven Sag. (P.), 2183. He tende hys torche at a cole.
β. 1382. Wyclif, Isa. l. 11. Lo! ȝee alle teendende vp [1388 kyndlynge] fyr. Ibid., Ecclus. viii. 13. Teende thou not colis of synneres … lest thou be tend with the flaume of the fyr of the synnes of hem. Ibid. (1388), Matt. v. 15. Ne men teendith not [1382 Nether men tendyn] a lanterne, and puttith it vndur a busschel.
1598. Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. i. IV. Handy-crafts, 707. Teend again Truth’s near-extinguisht Taper. Ibid. (1605), iii. II. Fathers, 306. Thou whetst a sword, and thou dost teend a brand.
1648. Herrick, Hesper., Candlem. Day, ii. Kindle the Christmas brand … Part must be kept wherewith to teend The Christmas log next yeare.
γ. a. 1400–50. Alexander, 4179. It tinds on tend lowe trappour of stede, And many costious costis consumes in-to askis.
1589. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc., 20. I see no more Candles tinded then wont to be.
1622. Mabbe, trans. Aleman’s Guzman d’Alf., II. 19. Those coales, that were already throughly tinded.
a. 1663. Sanderson, Serm. (1689), 56. As one candle tindeth a thousand.
1706. Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Tind, to light; as To tind a Candle.
1904. Eng. Dial. Dict., Tind, to light, kindle. [Generally diffused, Scotl. to Heref., Northamp., Bedford, Berks, Cornwall.]
1910. Old man at Gorsley, Glo’ster. Get up and tind (tind) the fire.
δ. c. 1548. Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. John, V. 40. Only a burnyng candell tynded at our fyre.
1558. Phaër, Æneid, III. G ij. Altars vp againe we make and fiers on them we tinde [rhyme blind].
[1590. Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 11. Stryful Atin in their stubborne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeaunce tind.
1594. Carew, Tasso, I. (1881), 27. For if one feare to crueltie him tinde [rhyme finde], Another greater doubt bridles no lesse.]
(?) 1623. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm., App. IV. 433. Paied for sixe faggottes to tynde the coales, 4d.
1834. Tait’s Mag., I. 341/2. For him it [the heavenly torch] beams not,—can but tind [rhyme blind], And lands and cities turn to dust.
ε. 1497. Croscombe Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.), 27. Paid to W. Toyt for tynnyng of the lyght.
1562. Phaër, Æneid, VIII. B bij b. Her couchyd harth she steeres and sturging sparkes of fire doth tinne.
1638. Farley, Emblems, v. B vj. That learned dogge, at noone-tyde tinn’d his light.
1655. H. Vaughan, Silex Scint., II. Cockcrow. (1858), 142. It seems their candle, howe’er done, Was tinn’d and lighted at the sunne.
1674. Ray, S. & E. C. Words, To Tine or tin a Candle, to light it.
Mod. Bedford & Northampt. Dial. I get up at six, tin the fire, and then sweep the room up.
ζ. [1471. Ripley, Comp. Alch., XI. ii., in Ashm., Theat. Chem. Brit. (1652), 181. For yt ys Fyer whych tyned wyll never dye.]
c. 1511. (see Tinding), Tynyng.
1591. Spenser, Virg. Gnat, 394. Whose bridale torches foule Erynnis tynde [rhyme unkinde]. Ibid., 504. Flames, weapons, wounds, in Greeks fleete to have tynde [rhyme minde].
1594. T. B., La Primaud. Fr. Acad., II. 514. With the same fire wherewith that was first tined.
1612. Pasquil’s Night-Cap (1877), 26. Though others tine their candles at my light.
1667. Milton, P. L., X. 1075. As late the Clouds Justling or pusht with Winds rude in thir shock, Tine the slant Lightning.
1700. Dryden, Iliad, I. 635. The priest … was seen to tine The cloven wood, and pour the ruddy wine.
η. 1482. Caxton, Trevisa’s Higden, I. xxiv. 30 b. Whan it was ones yteyned [ed. 1527 Iteyned] and sette a fyre.
θ. 1847–78. Halliwell, Teen, to light a candle. Var. dial.
1864. E. Capern, Devon. Provinc., ‘Teen the candle’ is often used for light the candle.
1895. Quiller-Couch, Wandering Heath, 85. She struck flint over touchwood and teened a fire.
2. intr. To catch fire, kindle, become ignited, begin to burn.
c. 1290. St. Michael, 523, in S. Eng. Leg., I. 314. And ȝwane it comez a-mong þe fuyre, sone it bi-gynnez forto tiende [Harl. MS. 2277 sone hit gynneþ tende: rhyme ende].
1382. Wyclif, Ecclus. xvi. 7. Wrathe shal waxe ful out tend [1388 yre schal brenne].
c. 1400. Brut, xcvi. 94. Þe fire biganne to tende and brenne al þe toune.
1648. Herrick, Hesper., To Maids, Wash your hands, or else the fire Will not teend to your desire.
3. fig. trans. To inflame, excite, arouse, inspire.
c. 1175. Lamb. Hom., 81. For hwat he scal his sunne uor-saken and bileuen and bon itent of þen hali gast. Ibid. Ho weren itende of þan halie gast.
a. 1225. Leg. Kath., 156. Swa i-tend of wraððe þat wod ha walde wurðen.
a. 1240. Lofsong, in Cott. Hom., 215. Tend mine heorte.
1382. Wyclif, Prov. xxviii. 4. Who kepen, shul ben tend [1388 kyndlid] vp aȝen hym.
a. 1450. Myrc, Festial, 60. Yn token he was yn hyr wombe þat schuld aftyr tynd mony mannys charite.
1590, 1594. [see 1 δ].
1622. Mabbe, trans. Aleman’s Guzman d’Alf., I. 234. He was some-what too touchy, and would … quickly be tinded.
1682. Dryden, Duke of Guise, I. i. Shop-consciences,… Preach’d up, and ready tined for a rebellion.
b. intr. To become inflamed or excited.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 4476. In is wod rage he wende Vor to awreke is vncle deþ, as fur is [= fire his] herte tende.
Hence Tinded (tende) ppl. a., Tinding vbl. sb. and ppl. a.
a. 900. Wærferth, Dial. Gregory (1900), 101 (MS. H.). He … hine sylfne nacodne awearp.. on þæra netela tendingum.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 11022. Þo nome tende taperes þe bissops in hor hond.
1382. Wyclif, Num. xi. 3. He clepide the name of that place Tendynge [1388 Brennyng, Vulg. incensio] for thi that the fier of the Lord was tende [1388 kyndlid, Vulg. incensus fuisset] aȝens hem.
1497. Tynnyng [see 1 ε].
c. 1511. in Swayne, Sarum Churchw. Acc. (1896), 61. To Ros for tynyng of the rode light xij d.
1591. Sylvester, Du Bartas, I. ii. 654. Incessantly th’apt tinding fume is tost Till it inflame.
1662. Hibbert, Body Div., I. 30. The Romans divided their night into ten parts,… 2 Prima fax, candle-tinning.
