also (more correctly but less commonly) thyreo-, used as combining form of THYROID, in reference to the thyroid cartilage or the thyroid gland.
1. In reference to the thyroid cartilage.
Thyroarytenoid a. (rarely thyreo-), pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx; t. ligaments or folds, the vocal cords; t. muscles, a pair of muscles which relax the vocal cords; also as sb. = t. muscle. Thyrochondrotomy, surgical incision of the thyroid cartilage. Thyro-cricold a., pertaining to or connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages; also as sb. = thyro-cricoid muscle. Thyro-cricotomy: see quot. Thyro-epiglottic a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis; so Thyroepiglottidean a. Thyro-hyal a. = next; usually as sb., applied to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in mammals, or to each of the long horns of the same bone in birds. Thyro-hyoid a., pertaining to or connecting the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone; sb. = thyro-hyoid muscle; so Thyro-hyoidean a. Thyropalatine a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the palate: applied to part of the palato-pharyngeus muscle. Thyropharyngean a. (also thyreo-), connecting the thyroid cartilage and the pharynx (see quot.). Thyrotomy (also thyreo-) [Gr. τομή cutting], incision or division of the thyroid cartilage.
[1693. trans. Blancard’s Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), *Thyroarytænoides, a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytænoides … serve to close the opening of the Larynx].
1855. Bain, Senses & Int., II. iv. § 32 (1864), 314. The … vocal cords … are two bands … attached in front to … the depression between the wings of the thyroid cartilage, and behind to the arytenoid cartilages; from this connexion they are called thyro-arytenoid ligaments.
1899. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., VI. 818. The laryngeal muscles chiefly involved have been the internal thyro-arytenoids.
1911. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 6), *Thyrochondrotomy.
1901. Benhan, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 2 April, 286. This longitudinal muscle is topographically a *‘thyro-cricoid.’
1899. Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thyro-cricotomy, tracheotomy performed through the crico-thyroid membrane alone.
1857. Dunglison, Med. Lex., *Thyreo-epiglottic.… Sabatier and Santorini have given this name to the outer portion of the thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the epiglottis.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., Thyro-epiglottic ligament…. Thyro-epiglottic muscle.
1901. Benhan, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 2 April, 286. The *thyro-epiglottidean muscle … is also a conspicuous constituent in the ventral region of the larynx.
1854. Owen, Skel. & Teeth, in Orr’s Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat., 209. The basihyal has … coalesced with the *thyrohyals to form a broad cartilaginous plate.
1881. Mivart, Cat, 134. The thyro-hyal muscle.
1831. R. Knox, Cloquet’s Anat., 82. The digastric and *thyro-hyoid muscles.
1872. Cohen, Dis. Throat, 134. The *thyreo-palatine portion of the muscle.
1899. Syd. Soc. Lex., Thyro-palatine.
[1857. Dunglison, Med. Lex., *Thyro-pharyngeus, Thyreo-pharyngeus.]
1860. Mayne, Expos. Lex. Thyreopharyngeus,… applied to the middle portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle: *thyreopharyngean.
1880. M. Mackenzie, Dis. Throat & Nose, I. 331. *Thyrotomy should never be undertaken until removal by the endolaryngeal method has been first attempted.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., Thyreotomy…. Thyrotomy, section of the thyroid cartilage.
1899. Syd. Soc. Lex., Thyreotomy, division of the thyroid cartilage for exploratory purposes.
2. In reference to the thyroid gland. Often thyreo-.)
Thyro-entitoxin, an antitoxin developed in thyroid poisoning; trade-name of a thyroid preparation used as a therapeutic. Thyrocele, a tumor of the thyroid gland; goitre. Thyrocolloid, the colloid matter of the thyroid gland. Thyrogenic, Thyrogenous adjs.: see quot. 1909. Thyro-, thyreoglobulin, the essential albuminous principle of the thyroid gland, an iodized principle, which forms, together with another albuminous substance belonging to the nucleo-proteins, the colloid substance of the gland. Thyroglossal a., in t. duct, a duct of the embryo extending from the thyroid to the base of the tongue. Thyro-iodine, a substance containing iodine, obtained by decomposition of thyroglobulin, which has been thought to be the active principle of the gland: now more usually called iodothyrin. Thyrolingual a. = thyroglossal. Thyrolytic a., destructive of thyroid tissue. † Thyroproteid, Thyroprotein, the specific protein of the thyroid gland. Thyrotherapy, treatment of disease by a preparation of the thyroid glands of sheep. Thyrotoxic a., Thyrotoxin: see quots. 1909, 1911.
1895. Pall Mall G., 16 Dec., 1/3. Dr. Fränkel, of Vienna,… has named it provisionally *thyreo-antitoxin. [He] states … that it will be possible to administer it clinically without the risk of ptomaine poisoning.
1899. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., VIII. 57. Fränkel has succeeded in separating a basic product from the thyroid (thyreo-antitoxin).
1909. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyro-antitoxin.
1886. Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sc., III. 350/1. Goitre … *Thyreocele (P. Frank).
1909. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyrocele, *Thyrocolloid.
1887. Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sc., V. 143. *Thyrogenic.
1909. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 5). *Thyrogenous,… originating in the thyroid gland.
1908. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., IV. I. 325. Other bodies … have been separated from the gland,… among these may be mentioned Oswald’s iodine-free *thyreo-globulin.
1911. Mandel, trans. Hammarsten’s Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6), 356. It seems proven that the specifically active substance is … a protein substance: Notkin’s thyreoproteid, Oswald’s thyreoglobulin.
1909. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 5), *Thyroglossal duct.
1896. Daily News, 30 April, 8/7. Professor Baumann and Dr. Roos … find that the active principle [or the thyroid gland] is a substance named *‘Thyro-iodin.’
1897. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., IV. 469. [see THYROID B. 2].
1903. Cushing, Text-bk. Pharmacology, 715. Iodothyrin was at first named thyroiodin, but this was liable to be confused with thyreoidin, a term used to indicate the simple extract of the gland.
1896. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., I. 206. The *thyrolingual duct.
1889. Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sc., App. 539. *Thyrolytic.
1899. Allbutt’s Syst. Med., VIII. 57. Notkin isolated a substance from the thyroid (*thyreo-protein).
1911. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 6), s.v., It is probably one of the functions of the thyroid to produce a ferment which neutralizes the toxic effect of an accumulation of thyroprotein in the body.
1907. Med. Record, 5 Oct., 584. He regretted that *thyrotherapy had been neglected in the treatment of skin diseases.
1904. Nature, 18 Feb., 375. *Thyrotoxic.
1909. Cent. Dict., Supp., Thyreotoxic.
1909. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 5), Thyrotoxic,… marked by toxic activity of the thyroid gland. Ibid. (1911), (ed. 6), *Thyrotoxin, a cytotoxin specific for thyroid tissue.
