Thring v.

Obs. exc. dial. Forms: see below. [OE. þringan, þrang (pl. þrungon), þrungen. Com. Teut. = OS. thringan (MLG., MDu., Du. dringen), OHG. dringan (MHG., Ger. dringen), ON. þryngva, -gja (pa. t. þrǫng, þrungom, pa. pple. þrungenn), cf. Goth. þreihan (pa. t. þráih, þraihum, pa. pple. þraihans):—OTeut. *þriŋh(w)- : þriŋg(w)-; cf. Lith. trènkti to shake, strike, trànksmas uproar, scrimmage, Lett. treekt to shatter. The Gothic þreihan passed into a different conjugational class: cf. THEE v.¹ In ON. þryngva was displaced by the weak þrøngva, -gja: cf. Sw. tränga, Da. trænge.]

  A.  Illustration of Forms.

  1.  Inf. and Pres. stem. 1–5 þring- (2 dring-), 3–5 þryng- (3 þrung-), 4–6 thryng- (5 dryng-), 4–7 (dial. –9) thring.

c. 888.  K. Ælfred, Boeth., xvi. § 1. Ne þurfon ʓe … him æfter þringan.

a. 1225.  Ancr. R., 253. Dumbe bestes … hwon heo beoð asailed … heo þrungeð alle togederes.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 796. An eiþer oþer faste þringe.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, IV. 38 (66). He gan in thrynge.

14[?].  Lybeaus Disc. (Kaluza), 2187 (Ms. C.). Þyder þey gonne þrynge. Ibid. (c. 1450). Drynge [see B. 2].

1570.  Levins, Manip., 135/39. To Thring, artare, stringere.

1606.  trans. Rollock’s Lect. on 1 Thess., 30 (Jam.). How men and wemen did thring in.

1871.  Waddell, Ps. ii. 9. Ye sal thring them wi’ a gad o’ airn.

  2.  Pa. t. α. sing. 1–5 þrang, 3–5 thrange, 7 (9 dial.) thrung, 4– thrang; pl. 1 þrungon, 2–3 -en.

a. 800.  Andreas, 126 (Gr.). Duguð samnade, hæðne hildfrecan heapum þrungon.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Hom., II. 394. Þæt folc hine þrang.

a. 1225.  Juliana, 67. Þrungen euchan biuoren oþer.

c. 1375.  Cursor M., 24359 (Fairf.). Þe nailis þat him þrange on rode.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 11135. Two thawsaund full þroly, þai þrang out of lyue.

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, X. xli. 479. He thrange in to the thyckest prees.

1535.  Thrang [see B. 5].

1607.  Dekker, Knt.’s Conjur. (1842), 41. In therefore they thrung, some wading vp to the knees.

1904.  Thrung [see B. 5].

  β.  1 þrǫng, 3–5 þrong(e, (4 pl. þrongen), 4–6 thronge, 4–7 throng.

c. 893.  Þrong [see B. 2].

13[?].  E. E. Allit. P., B. 1775. Þay þrongen þeder.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Anel. & Arc., 55. But [Mars] throng now here now there amongis hem both.

c. 1400.  Song Roland, 838. They preissid, and throng, And thrusten out.

c. 1400.  Þronge, a. 1440 thronge [see B. 5].

c. 1520.  Adam Bel, etc. 224, in Hazl., E. P. P., II. 147. To the gate faste he throng.

1526.  Thronge [see B. 1 b].

  3.  Pa. pple. α. 1 þrunge, 3 i-þrunge, 3–4 thrungen (4 -un, 4–5 -yn, 4–6 -in(e); 5–7 thrung, 6 throung.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 38. Wonne þu art to me i-þrunge.

a. 1300.  E. E. Psalter lxxii. 21 [lxxiii. 22]. And i am to noghte … Thrungen.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. V. 517. A thousand of men þo thrungen togyderes Criede vpward to cryst.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 11723. Twenty thowsaund thristy, þrungyn togedur.

1513.  Throung [see B. 5 b].

  β.  4–5 þrong-en (-un), 5–6 throng(e.

1382.  Wyclif, Luke viii. 42. The while he wente, he was throngun of the cumpeny.

c. 1400.  Þrongen [see B. 1 c].

c. 1400.  Hymns Virg., 13. Whanne þou were in þraldom þrong.

1435.  Thronge [see B. 3].

a. 1500.  Throng [see B. c].

  γ.  5 pryngid.

c. 1400.  [see B. 5 c].

  B.  Signification.

  † 1.  intr. To press, crowd, throng; to move or gather in a crowd; to assemble. Also fig. Obs.

a. 800.  [see A. 2 α].

a. 1000.  Phœnix, 339 (Gr.). Ðonne fuʓla cynn on healfa ʓehwone heapum þringað … þone halʓan hringe beteldað flyhte on lyfte.

a. 1175.  Cott. Hom., 237. Of þe folce we siggeð þat hit … elce deȝie þicce þringeð.

a. 1225.  [see A. 1].

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 24637 (Gött.). Quen mi sun ras … All till his graue [Cott. thrugh] þai thrang.

a. 1366[?].  Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 656. For there was many a brid singing, Throughout the yerde al thringing.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 470. Mony thoughtes full thro thrange in hir brest.

1513.  Douglas, Æneis, IV. vii. 58. The damecellis fast to thar lady thringis.

  † b.  trans. To crowd around or upon, to throng (a person). Obs.

c. 1000.  [see A. 2 α].

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., Mark v. 24. Him fyliʓde mycel meniʓeo and þrungon [c. 1160 Hatton Gosp. þrungen] hinc. Ibid., Luke viii. 45. Þas meneʓeo þe ðringað.

1382.  Wyclif, Luke viii. 45. Comaundour, cumpanyes thringen, and turmentyn thee.

1526.  Tindale, Mark v. 24. And moche people folowed hym, and thronge hym.

  † c.  trans. To press or crowd together (persons or things). Chiefly in pa. pple. (which may belong to a). Obs.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 5748. With seven thowsaund þro men þrongen to-gedur.

c. 1460.  Towneley Myst., xii. 416. It was a mery song; I dar say that he broght foure & twenty to a long … so many he throng On a heppe.

a. 1500.  Hye Way to Spyttel Ho., 171, in Hazl., E. P. P., IV. 30. Lyke as bestes togyder they be throng, Bothe lame, and seke, and hole them among.

  2.  intr. To press or push forward, as against or through a crowd, or against obstacles; to push or force one’s way hastily or eagerly; to press, rush, hasten, push on. Now dial.

c. 893.  K. Ælfred, Oros., V. xii. § 8. He for þære ondrædinge þæs þe swiþor on þæt weorod þrong.

c. 1205.  Lay., 9421. Ouer þene wal heo clumben & binnen heo þrungen.

c. 1374.  [see A. 1].

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 2362. He þrong into þicke wodes, þester within.

c. 1450.  Hymns Virg., 122. For alle the stonys grett and smale … All they schalle togedyr drynge, And euerychon to oþer dynge.

c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, IV. 454. Thrys apon fute he thrang throuch all the rout.

1470–85.  Malory, Arthur, VII. xxxi. 262. He thrang here & there, & so with grete payne he gat out of the prees.

1607.  [see A. 2 α].

1638.  Rutherford, Lett., to Lady Robertland, 4 Jan. That we may thring in, stooping low.

1823.  Carlyle, Lett., in Froude, Life (1882), I. xi. 194. I shall just thring on here till I get desperate.

  † 3.  a. intr. To press hard, use oppression. b. trans. To oppress, harass, distress, afflict; to repress. Obs.

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 43. He walde anuppon his underlinges mid wohe motien and longe dringan [? ðringan].

c. 1205.  Lay., 10652. Carrais him on þrong and mid spere him of-stong.

a. 1225.  [see A. 1].

c. 1375.  Cursor M., 11821 (Fairf.). On his [Herod’s] heued he has þe skalle, Þe scabbe ouer-gas his bodi alle, Fast þai be-gynne him to þringe.

1435.  Misyn, Fire of Love, I. xviii. 40. Nouþer with resone it is restrenyd nor with drede it is thronge nor with dome tempyd.

1871.  [see A. 1].

  † 4.  trans. To press together, squeeze, compress; to crush, bruise. Obs.

13[?].  Cursor M., 900 (Cott.). Þou sal waite womman for to sting, And sco sal yiet þi hede thring.

13[?].  St. Mergrete, 220, in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881), 231. Sche set hir fot in his nek, to þe erþe sche him þrong.

  5.  To thrust or drive with pressure or violence; to cast, throw, or flling violently; to hurl, dash, knock; usually with prep. or advb. extension, as in, on, out, through, up. Now dial.

a. 1300.  E. E. Psalter lxxvii[i]. 59. God herd … And to noghte he thrange swythe Iraele.

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 52. Þei did his iȝene out þring.

c. 1400.  Rom. Rose, 7419. In his sleve he gan to thringe A rasour sharpe & wel bitinge.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 6516. Threlty of þe þroest he þronge out of lyue.

a. 1440.  Sir Eglam., 1023. He to the erthe theme thronge.

c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, XI. 621. About he turnd, and wp his armys thrang; On thai traytours with knychtlik fer he dang.

1483.  Cath. Angl., 386/1. To Thrynge owte, expremere.

1500–20.  Dunbar, Poems, lxxii. 46. Vneiss … he mycht sustene That crowne, on thrungin with crueltie.

1535.  Stewart, Cron. Scot. (Rolls), II. 247. Ilk ane of thame out throw him thrang a knyfe,… Thair he la deid syne.

1557.  Peebles Burgh Rec. (1872), 237. To thring him self throw the mercat becaus it wes thrang,… and [he] cuid na vther wayis evaid vntuichit.

1584.  T. Bastard, Chrestoleros (1880), 97. Nature which headlong into life doth thring vs.

1904.  M. Hewlett, Queen’s Quair, II. x. 321. She … just let all go, and thrung herself face to the wall.

  b.  With down: To throw down by force, thrust or knock down, overthrow (lit. or fig.); to bring to ruin. (See also down-thring s.v. DOWN adv. 33.)

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxvii. (Machor), 114. For sperer of his maieste fra his Joy sall donne thrungine be.

c. 1475.  Rauf Coilȝear, 199. Thay threip that I thring doun of the fattest [deer].

1513.  Douglas, Æneis, III. viii. 141. Doun throung vndir this mont Enchelades body … lyis half bront.

1549.  Compl. Scot., i. 19. The souerane consel of the diuyne sapiens … doune thringis them fra the hie trone of ther imperial dominations.

1570.  Satir. Poems Reform., xix. 35. Idolatrie but reuth he did down thring.

1584.  T. Hudson, Du Bartas’ Judith, I., in Sylvester’s Du B. (1620), 695. The vassels of that onely King, That Thunder sends and scepters down doth thring.

1871.  Waddell, Ps. xlvii. 3. He sal thring down the folk aneth us.

  † c.  To thrust or crash (into a confined space); to shut up, confine, bind; fig. to confine, restrict (quot. c. 1374); in quot. c. 1400, to bind tightly. Obs.

c. 1250.  Death, 176, in O. E. Misc., 178. Þu schal in þe putte faste beon iþrunge.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Boeth., II. pr. vii. 44 (Camb. MS.). Yowre glorye þat is so narwh and so streyte Ithrongen in to so lytul bowndes.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxxvi. (Baptista), 930. Herrod … petre gert in presone thring.

c. 1380.  Wyclif, Wks. (1880), 319. Disciples of crist … weren not þringen in siche couentis.

c. 1400.  Song Roland, 290. His kneys coueryd with platis…, his thies thryngid with silk.

c. 1440.  Bone Flor., 1370. They bonde the false … And in pryson caste them,… And ther yn can them thrynge.

  † 6.  intr. To make way (through something) by pressure; to pierce, penetrate; to burst out. Obs.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 16438. Þai crond him wit thorn, Þat thoru his hefd thrang.

13[?].  Guy Warw. (A.), 1509. Þat gode swerd þurchim þrang, Gwichard wald abide nouȝt lang.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 9641. The ledis on the land … thrappit full throly, thryngyng thurgh sheldis.

c. 1460.  Towneley Myst., xvi. 240. My guttys will outt thryng Bot I this lad hyng.

  † b.  trans. To pierce. Obs.

c. 1485.  Digby Myst., IV. 672. Se how his hede with thornys is thronge!

  Hence Thringing vbl. sb.; also Thringer, one who ‘thrings’ (downthringer, an overthrower).

1483.  Cath. Angl., 385/2. A Thryngyn[g] downe, articulus, pressura.

a. 1572.  Knox, Hist. Ref., Wks. 1846, I. 73. The down thringars of God his glore,… doctouris in idolatrie.

a. 1584.  Montgomerie, Cherrie & Slae, 935. With wringing and thringing, His hands on vther dang.

1637.  Rutherford, Lett., to J. Gordon, 14 March. There is no little thrusting and thringing to thrust in at Heaven’s gates.