Super-

prefix, repr. L. super- = the adv. and prep. super above, on the top (of), beyond, besides, in addition, used in composition with the various meanings detailed below. (Cf. the related Skr. upari-, Gr. ὑπερ- HYPER-, OE. ofer-, etc. OVER-.)

  A certain number of important Latin compounds, chiefly verbs, belong to the classical period, but the great majority are of later date, and many are recorded first from Christian writers. As a living prefix in English, super- first appears about the middle of the 15th c.; it became frequent in Elizabethan times, and in the 17th c. it was very widely used. In more recent times it has been extensively introduced into the nomenclature of chemistry and other sciences as a correlative to SUB-. In technical language it sometimes varies with SUPRA- (of which the strict correlative is INFRA-), e.g., super-local and supra-local, superorbital and supra-orbital, superlapsarian and supralapsarian.

  The more important and permanent compounds are entered in this Dictionary as main words; the present article includes such compounds of a general character as have not a permanent status, and scientific terms of which the meaning may (for the most part) be gathered from the meaning of the prefix and that of the radical element.

  A considerable number of Latin compounds were adopted in ‘learned’ form in OF., as superabonder, supereminent, supererogation, superflu, superintendance, superscription, superseder; a few of such compounds became permanently established, as superficie, superlatif, superstition, but the majority have been superseded by forms with the ‘popular’ representative of L. super-, viz. sur-; e.g., surabonder, suréminent, surérogation, surintendance; cf. the parallel forms superfin, surfin in mod.F.

  Pronunciation. The general rule is that the first syllable of the prefix carries the secondary stress of the compound, e.g., su:pera·dd, su:pereroga·tion, su:pernu·merary, su:perpho·sphate, su:persesquia·lteral, su:persubsta·ntial. But this syllable carries the main stress where there is a contrast, implicit or explicit, with the radical element as a simple word or with some other compound of it, e.g., su·perclass, su·perflux, su·perhive, su·perman, su·pernature, su·persalt, su·perso:lid, su·perstru:cture; the su·bordinate court and the su·perordinate. In two words and their immediate derivatives (in which the etymological meaning has been obscured), the stress is on the second syllable of the prefix, viz. supe·rfluous, supe·rlative.

  I.  Over, above, at the top (of); on, upon.

  1.  Forming adjs, in which super- is in prepositional relation to the sb. implied in the second element, as in late L. supercælestis that is super cælum above the heavens, SUPERCELESTIAL, superterrēnus that is super terram above the earth, SUPERTERRENE, -TERRESTRIAL.

  a.  Compounds of a general character (chiefly nonce-wds.) and miscellaneous scientific and technical terms.

  Superaerial, situated above the air or atmosphere. Superaqueous, situated above the surface of water. Superauricular, situated above the ears. Supercretaceous Geol., lying above the Cretaceous series (cf. Supracretaceous). Superempyreal, above the empyrean or firmament. Superglacial, situated or occurring upon the surface of ice, esp. of a glacier. Superlabial, placed over or upon the lip. Superlineal, -linear, written above the line. Supermarine, occurring or performed above or upon the surface of the sea. Superplanetary, above the surface of a planet; in quot. as sb. a superplanetary being. Superspatial, above the limits of space. Supertelluric, ‘situated above the earth and its atmosphere’ (Century Dict., 1891).

1660.  Ingelo, Bentiv. & Ur., II. (1682), 62. They confine him to the *super-aerial Regions.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., II. 118. If there be a Superaerial region of Æther.

1822.  P. Beauchamp (Geo. Grote), Anal. Infl. Nat. Relig. (1875), 103. Incomprehensible phenomena are ascribed … to the incomprehensible person above. They call forth … the deepest horror … as being sudden eruptions of the super-aërial volcano.

1886.  R. Munro in Jrnl. Anthrop. Inst., May, 459. A wooden gangway, probably submerged, stretched to the shore … there has been no evidence to show that the uprights supported a *superaqueous platform.

1845.  S. Judd, Margaret, II. i. (1871), 168. Those *super-auricular capillary appendages, hardened with pomatum.

1832.  De la Beche, Geol. Man., 181. *Supercretaceous Group. (Syn. Superior Order, Conyb.; Tertiary Rocks, Engl. Authors). Ibid., 186. The supercretaceous deposits of London and the Isle of Wight.

a. 1711.  Ken, Hymnotheo, Poet. Wks. 1721, III. 90. As *super-Empyreal Waves unsluc’d, With Occan mix[t], the gen’ral Flood produc’d.

1886.  A. Winchell, Walks Geol. Field, 274. The summer sun gave origin to *superglacial streams.

1888.  Standard, 13 Dec., 3. Deprived of their *superlabial ornaments.

1877.  Athenæum, 1 Dec., 701/1. MSS. with the so-called Assyrian punctuation or *superlineal vowel points. Ibid. (1887), 24 Sept., 401/3. Dr. Wickes … tries to prove that it is a misnomer to style the *superlinear punctuation Assyrian or Babylonian.

1816–8.  Tuckey’s Narr. Exped. R. Zaire, i. 29. Few of them [sc. the African Atlantic islands] seem to have had *super-marine eruptions.

1845.  Thackeray, Picture-Gossip, ¶ 12. A stout gentleman … who … believed that he could walk upon the water, and set off in the presence of a great concourse of people upon his supermarine journey.

1827.  Coleridge, in Blackw. Mag. (1882), Jan., 117. A bright fire is the apotheosis of coal; and Mary, as fire-maker, a maker of black angels, and other beatified *superplanetaries!

1882–3.  Schaff’s Encycl. Relig. Knowl., II. 950. This *superspatial heaven, above the cloudy and the stellar heavens.

  b.  Anat. and Zool. = Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the part or organ denoted by the second element, as in mod.L. supergenuālis that is super genu above or upon the knee, applied to the knee-pan. (Cf. SUPRA-.)

  Superacromial, superambulacral, supercallosal (the corpus callosum), supercentral (the central sulcus of the brain), superethmoidal, superglottal, superlaryngeal, supermarginal, supermedial, superorbital (also as sb.), supersphenoid, -sphenroidal, supersquamosal (a bone of the skull in ichthyosaurs).

1839–47.  Todd’s Cycl. Anat., III. 572/1. Superficial nerves…. The supra-clavicular and *super-acromial.

1877.  Huxley, Anat. Inv. Anim., ix. 563. Each of these ossicles [in the Ophiuridea] … is surrounded by four plates; one median and antambulacral…, two lateral … and one median and *superambulacral.

1903.  Amer. Anthropologist, Oct.–Dec., 623. The *supercallosal fissure [in the brain of J. W. Powell] is separated into two pieces. Ibid. The *supercentral is of the usual zygal shape, freely continuous cephalad with the superfrontal.

1870.  Rolleston, Anim. Life, 25. *Superethmoidal and interorbital vacuities.

1877.  Sweet, Phonetics, 10. A vowel … voice (voiced breath) modified by some definite configuration of the *super-glottal passages, but without audible friction.

1910.  Mod. Lang. Rev., V. 91. A glide with no definite *superlaryngeal articulation.

1852.  Dana, Crust., I. 544. [The hairs] become *super-marginal.

1846.  Worcester, *Supermedial, being above the middle. De la Beche.

1849.  Noad, Electricity (ed. 3), 238. The *super-orbital nerve was laid bare in the forehead, as it issues through the supraciliary foramen in the eyebrow.

1854.  Owen, in Orr’s Circ. Sci., Org. Nat., I. 212. Both the lacrymal and superorbital bones answer to a series of bones found commonly in fishes, and called ‘suborbitals’ and ‘superorbitals.’

1884.  Coues, N. Amer. Birds, 178. The nasal gland, sometimes called the superorbital gland, from its position in many birds.

1901.  Dorland, Med. Dict., *Supersphenoid, above the sphenoid bone.

1891.  Century Dict., *Supersphenoidal.

1866.  Owen, Anat. Vert., I. 158. The two supplemental bones of the skull [in the Ichthyopterygia] … are the postorbital and *supersquamosal.

  c.  Bot. in same sense as b (varying with SUPRA-), as superaxillary (mod.L. superaxillāris), superfoliaceous; also in terms relating to the geographical distribution of plants, as superagrarian, superarctic (see quots.).

1900.  B. D. Jackson, Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Superagrarian … applied to a zone which includes the region of vegetation in Great Britain above the limits of cultivation.

1852.  Henfrey, Veget. Eur., iv. 163. The *Super-arctic [zone], bounded below by the limit of the heather (Calluna vulgaris) at an elevation of about 3000 feet.

1802.  R. Hall, Elem. Bot., 183. *Superaxillary Flowers.

1900.  B. D. Jackson, Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Superfoliaceous = suprafoliaceous.

  d.  Forming sbs. denoting something placed over or upon that which is denoted by the radical element, as in eccl. L. superaltāre SUPERALTAR, superfrontāle SUPERFRONTAL, superhumerāle SUPERHUMERAL, superpelliceum SURPLICE.

  2.  With advb. force, = Above, over, on, occas. from above (in material or non-material sense), prefixed to verbs, pples., adjs., and nouns of action or state, as in L. superappārēre to appear above, supercrescĕre to grow over, superædificāre to build upon, superfluĕre to overflow (see SUPERFLUOUS), super(im)pendens overhanging, superincurvātus bent over, superinduĕre (see INDUE), super(in)undāre to overflow, supermeāre to flow over, superscrībĕre to write above, superscriptio (see SUPERSCRIBE, -SCRIPTION), superstruĕre to erect above (see SUPERSTRUCT, -STRUCTURE), supervestīre to clothe upon.

  (a)  Forming intransitive vbs. and other parts of speech of cognate meaning; e.g., † supermeate vb.; supergravitating, -impending, -inflected, -lying, -situated, -standing pples. and ppl. adjs.; superambient, -ponderant adjs.; superflation, -gravitation, -(in)undation, † -meation sbs. Supercrescent a., growing over or on the top of something; so Supercrescence, a parasitic growth. Supersaliency, the leaping of the male for the act of copulation; so Supersalient a.

1693.  J. Beaumont, Burnet’s Th. Earth, II. 106. By what agitation … of the *superambient Air can Waters be driven … for 450 Miles ascent?

c. 1900.  Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sci., III. 265 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.). Damp soil serves to keep the superambient atmosphere damp.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., II. vi. 98. Like other *supercrescenses, and such as living upon the stock of others, are termed Parasiticall plants.

1638.  A. Read, Chirurg., ix. 66. The *supercrescent flesh doth require a stronger cathereticall medicament.

1746.  Phil. Trans., XLIV. 223. The concreted Salts … found … candying the supercrescent Furze.

1690.  C. Nesse, Hist. & Myst. O. & N. Test., I. 21. God gave this spirit … by way of infusion, *superflation or breathing upon.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., II. 112. According to the weight of the *Supergravitating Water. Ibid., 108. The *Supergravitation of the high parts of the water upon the lower.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund, Poet. Wks. 1721, II. 83. As Divers at the Bottom of the Deep Feel not the vast *superimpending Heap.

1804.  Mitford, Inquiry, 86. Pillars … connected by the even pavement on which they stand, and by the superimpending intablature.

1885.  R. L. & F. Stevenson, Dynamiter, 158. The day sparingly filtered through the depth of super-impending wood.

1578.  Banister, Hist. Man, I. 10. These two processes meting after a *superinflected maner, are … knit together by an oblique Suture.

1633.  T. Adams, Exp. 2 Peter iii. 6. 1208. Hee recovered the earth from the *superinundation of waters.

1866.  Lawrence, trans. Cotta’s Rocks Classified (1878), 378. What thickness of *superlying strata should be assumed as sufficient.

1656.  Blount, Glossogr., *Supermeate..., to go or slip over, to run, or flow over.

1658.  Phillips, *Supermeation, a flowing or passing over.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., II. 105. The top of the Mountain … being so much nearer the top of the Atmosphære, a lesser weight of *Superponderant Ayr makes a lesser quantity of Quicksilver arise in the Tube.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., III. i. 107. Their [sc. elephants’] coition is made by *supersaliency like that of horses.

1903.  Eng. Dial. Dict., Rig v.¹, to perform the act of supersaliency only, to back.

1836.  Smart, Pron. Dict., *Supersalient.

1597.  A. M., trans. Guillemeau’s Fr. Chirurg., 13 b/2. To bringe the *supersituated places together.

1859.  C. Forster, Monum. Assyria, etc., 87. The *super-standing word.

1769.  E. Bancroft, Guiana, 12. Those *superundations … are the source of this redundant fertility.

  (b)  Forming transitive vbs. and related words of cognate meaning: † Superact v., to actuate or impel from above. Superaffusion: see quot. Supercise v. [after circumcise]: see quot. Supercolumniation, the erection of one order of columns upon another. † Superdevil v., to set the Devil over. † Superedificate pa. pple., built or founded upon something. † Superedification, building upon something; concr. a superstructure. † Superedify v., to build upon a foundation; to erect as a superstructure (also absol.). Superfix v., to fix upon something else. † Supergurgitate v., to cause to overflow. Superindue v., to put on as a garment, esp. over another. Superinscribe v., (a) to inscribe on the top or at the head, (b) to inscribe over another inscription. † Superinvest v., to clothe as with an outer garment. Super-Jesuited ppl. a., ruled over by Jesuits. Supersatanize v., to set Satan over. † Supervested pa. pple., covered with a garment; also transf. Also occas. in formations on a sb., as † Superbody v., to fit a ‘body’ upon.

1655.  Pierce, God’s Decrees, § 45. 57. That they might not be betray’d into a yawning reliance upon their being *superacted to the working out of their salvation, he bids them work it out with fear and trembling.

1658.  Phillips, *Superaffusion,… a shedding upon, a pouring on the top.

1552.  in S. C. Jeaffreson, Middx. County Rec. (1886), I. 8. A woman’s kertyll of Russell worsted *superbodied with damaske.

1784.  Characters, in Ann. Reg., 5/1. The men are all circumcised, or rather *supercised; as the operation consists in cutting off only a small piece of the foreskin, at the upper part.

1838.  Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl., I. 94/1. The writer objects—and so do we—to *super-columniation.

1604.  N. D., 3rd Pt. Three Conv. Eng., 279. They were indeuilled, *superdeuilled, and thorowdeuilled.

1508.  Fisher, 7 Penit. Ps. cii. Wks. (1876), 180. We may be *superedyfycate vpon cryst.

1610.  Donne, Pseudo-Martyr, Pref. B 2. If we distinguish not between Articles of faith and iurisdiction, but account all those *super-edifications and furnitures, and ornaments … to be equally the Foundation it selfe, there can bee no Church.

1624.  F. White, Repl. Fisher, 48. In euery building orderly framed, the foundation hath precedence, then followeth superedification, and lastly consummation.

1638.  E. Reynolds, Peace Ch., 41. To this Foundation … must be joyned a progresse in the Superstruction,… and in this superedification it will be needfull to observe these two things.

1558.  Abst. Protocols Town Clerks of Glasgow (1896), II. 58. Cuthtbert can nocht hair closure at the sowtht ende of his waist … without he haif tollerance of the said Johne to *superedifie upone his gavile.

1582.  N. T. (Rhem.), 1 Pet. ii. 5. Vnto whom approching, a liuing stone,… be ye also your selues superedified as it were liuing stones.

1640.  Bp. Hall, Chr. Moder. (Ward), 29/2. We must distinguish between truths necessary, and truths additional or accessory,… truths fundamental, and truths superedified.

1654.  H. L’Estrange, Chas. I. (1655), 124. So vigorous a construction of a little City, not super-edefied upon an old bottom, but upstart and new-emergent from the ground.

1774.  N. Collier, in ‘Joel Collier’ (J. L. Bicknell), Mus. Trav., App. 9. It was an angel, and not a fiend, which Mr. Wagner had *superfixed to that excellent piece of machinery.

1653.  Urquhart, Rabelais, II. vi. 32. Mammona doth not *supergurgitate any thing in my loculs.

1678.  Cudworth, Intell. Syst., I. v. 818. The Scripture oracles affirm that the earthly house of this Schenos shall be corrupted or dissolved, but the Schenos it self *superindue or put on a house not made with hands [2 Cor. v. 2].

1858.  Sears, Athan., IV. 27. We shall have our lost bodies again, to be superindued upon these attenuated ones.

1820.  T. L. Peacock, Misc., Wks. 1875, III. 328. Nine books … *superinscribed with their [sc. the Muses’] nine names.

1886.  Daily Tel., 23 Feb. (Cassell). It was put into an envelope addressed to M. Floquet, President of the Chamber, and superinscribed in another envelope to the Secretary-General of the Parliament.

1624.  Donne, Devot. (ed. 2), 340. They who haue made iust use of their former daies, be *superinuested with glory.

a. 1628.  F. Greville, Sidney (1652), 111. Only to keep those humble religious souls free from oppression, in that *super-Jesuited soveraignty.

1857.  Truths Cath. Relig. (ed. 4), 178. [Luther’s] assertion is ‘that Zuinglius, and all who adhere to his doctrine, are insatanized, *supersatanized and persatanized.’

1657.  W. Rand, trans. Gassendi’s Life Peiresc, II. 49. Stones that abide long in the bladder, are *supervested with divers crusts.

1697.  J. Sergeant, Solid Philos., 285. Supervested with an Artificial Dress, thrown over them by our Reflexion.

  b.  with intransitive verbs and their derivatives: = Above (in fig. sense); in a higher condition, relation, etc.; in nonce-words, as super-exist vb., -existent adj., -sistent adj. (after SUBSISTENT), -subsisting ppl. adj.

1844.  Emerson, Ess., Poet (1851), 177. The sea, the mountain ridge, Niagara, and every flower-bed, preexist, or *superexist, in pre-cantations.

1856.  R. A. Vaughan, Mystics (1860), I. 94. All that exists he regards as a symbolical inanifestation of the *super-existent.

a. 1834.  Coleridge, Lit. Rem. (1839), IV. 161. The spirit of man, the spirit subsistent, is deeper than both … the body … [and] the soul; and the Spirit descendent and *supersistent is higher than both.

1613.  Purchas, Pilgrimage, I. i. 2. Names, in regard both of author & obiect diuine; sometimes in the concrete; sometimes in the abstract; the first signifying his perfect subsistence; the other his *supersubsisting perfection.

  3.  Prefixed to descriptive sbs. with adj. force = Placed or situated above, over or upon something; forming the upper part of (that which is denoted by the second element); higher, upper: as in L. superædificium a superstructure, superficies SURFACE, etc.; med.L. supervestīmentum upper garment; e.g., super-cloth, -crust, -ether, -passage, -soil, -stage, -tower. Super-hive, a removable upper compartment of a bee-hive. † Superinvestiture, an outer garment. Super-monial, -mullion, a mullion in the tracery of the upper part of a window; hence Super-mullioned a., furnished or constructed with super-mullions. † Super-plant, a plant growing upon another plant; a parasite or epiphyte. Supervestment, -vesture, an outer garment. † Super-writing, writing on the top of other writing.

1630.  W. Scot, Apol. Narr. (1846), 29. A dead corps … having his *supercloth upon him.

1902.  A. Lang, Hist. Scot., II. x. 255. The Bishop of Dunkeld … had allowed a corpse with a supercloth over it to be carried into a church ‘in popish manner.’

1880.  Dana, Man. Geol. (ed. 3), 147. The series of rocks … that makes up the earth’s *supercrust—the only part … which is within the range of direct investigation.

1670.  Golt, Divine Hist. Genesis World, 483. The true System of the World,… that is, the *Superæther, and utmost Circumference therof; and within that Concave Sphere, the Æther, [etc.].

1855.  Poultry Chron., II. 514. The cap or *super-hive may be removed once or twice during the summer, with from 20 to 40 lbs. of honey.

1756.  Horne, Disc., xvii. (1793), II. 142. ‘Clothed upon,’ with a *superinvestiture of the house from heaven, namely, the divine light [2 Cor. v. 2, 4].

1846.  F. A. Paley, Man. Gothic Archit., 184. The smaller tracery-bars, or *super-monials divide the tracery into compartments.

1847.  R. & J. A. Brandon, Anal. Goth. Archit. (1849), I. 25. The upper part of the tracery is divided by *super-mullions and transoms.

1912.  F. Bond, Cathedrals, 337. The supermullion is just beginning to find its way into the tracery (1349–1362).

1838.  Penny Cycl., XI. 325/1. We might employ the epithet *super-mullioned, as indicating that the upper divisions of the windows have mullions rising from the arches of the lower ones.

1890.  Archaeol. Jrnl., XLVII. 92. With plain fenestrations or five-foiled openings supermullioned.

1893.  H. M. Wilson, Irrigation Engineering, xii. (1909), 285. Where the canal is at a lower level than the drainage channel, a *superpassage is employed to carry the latter over the canal.

1626.  Bacon, Sylva, § 556. We finde no *Super-Plant, that is a Formed Plant, but Misseltoe.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., II. vi. 98. An arboreous excrescence, or rather superplant.

1814.  Time’s Telescope (1822), 333. An unhealthy tree is never without these imperfect superplants [sc. mosses].

1864.  R. A. Arnold, Hist. Cotton Famine, 433. As the seams of coal are gotten, and the props are removed … the *supersoil falls in.

1879.  Cassell’s Techn. Educ., I. 170/2. There are two kinds of soil, the super and the sub. The former term is confined to the layer next the surface.

1906.  Athenæum, 10 March, 304/2. A *super-stage can be attached for examining transparent objects.

1884.  J. Cubitt, in Contemp. Rev., July, 104. Placing an octagonal super-tower, or ‘lantern,’ on a square sub-tower.

1868.  W. B. Marriott, Vestiar. Christ., Introd. iii. p. xxi. The *super-vestment [of heathen priests] … was either bordered (prætexta) with rich ornament, or wholly made of purple, [or] of scarlet. Ibid., ii. p. viii. The *supervesture … the prevailing form of which was that of a large blanket, or of a Highland plaid, admitted … of the greatest variety in arrangement.

1654.  R. Whitlock, Ζωοτομια, 258. To bring Rasae Tabulae, clean Tables to every Author, is the advice of no small Philosopher. *Super-writing (being scribling) maketh neither the old, nor the new legible.

  b.  Anat. (a) Designating the upper of two parts or members; superior: e.g., supermaxilla the upper maxilla or jaw (Dorland), superpetrosal. (b) Designating a part overlapping another, or formed by such overlapping: e.g., superfissure, supergyre, supersulcus (Dorland).

1889.  Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sci., VIII. 160/1. *Superfissures and subfissures. These terms are employed herein to designate the fissures which result from the formation of *supergyres and subgyres…. The line of overlapping of a supergyre is a superfissure…. A subfissure is one which is concealed by a supergyre. Ibid., 242/1. The *superpetrosal sinus starts from the cavernous.

  c.  Anat. Forming adjs. (with super- in adj. relation to the sb. or subst. phr. implied in the second element: cf. 1 b): (a) derivatives from sbs. in b, as supermaxillary (= pertaining to the upper jaw); (b) = situated in, or forming, the upper part of, e.g., superalbal, -cerebellar, -cerebral, -dural (see quots.).

1853.  R. Dunn, in Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. (1856), IV. 35. The … *super-maxillary bones.

1889.  Buck’s Handbk. Med. Sci., VIII. 237/1. *Superdurals. These appear in part as direct continuations of the preceding [sc. medidural], and then are double. Ibid., 237/2. Veins of the Pia and Brain Substance…. The *supercerebrals, passing to the longitudinal sinus…. The supercerebral veins return the blood from the convexity as far as the Sylvian fissure, and from the median surface of the hemispheres as far as the *supercallosal fissure. Ibid., 238/1. The *supercerebellar vein … empties into the main vein near its termination, or even directly into the sinus tentorialis. Ibid., 239/2. The *superalbals … are commonly two small trunks that appear at the outer border of the cœle, opposite the body of the caudate.

1901.  Dorland, Med. Dict., Superalbal,… situated in the uper part of the white substance of the brain, as superalbal veins. Ibid., *Superaural, located in the upper part of the dura mater.

  II.  Above (in various figurative senses); higher in rank, quality, amount or degree.

  4.  a. Prefixed to adjectives: = Above or beyond, more or higher than, above the range, scope, capacity, etc., of (what is denoted or expressed by the radical part), after eccl. L. superessentiālis SUPERESSENTIAL, supersubstantīvus supermaterial; e.g., superangelic, † -ical (= more than angelic, beyond that of an angel), -earthly, † -elementary (see ELEMENTARY 2), -intellectual, -organic, -regal, secular, worldly.

1804.  Doddridge’s Wks., V. 166, note. Whether a *superangelic spirit is capable of being ‘reduced to the condition of an infant.’

1864.  Pusey, Lect. Daniel, viii. 470. The superangelic glory of the Messiah.

1674.  Brevint, Saul at Endor, 271. Thus this *Superangelical Doctor in the year 1226 ended his daies.

1690.  Baxter, Kingd. Christ, ii. (1691), 25. So that Christ hath three Natures. 1. Divine. 2. Superangelical Created. 3. Humane.

1843.  Zoologist, I. 36. The lion and the eagle are not invested with the … *super-animal bravery and magnanimity with which the older naturalists … loved to clothe them.

1588.  J. Harvey, Disc. Probl., 92. Anie such Superplatonicall Intelligence, or *Superaristotelicall intendiment.

1613.  Jackson, Creed, I. xiv. § 4. 70. It was … rather *superartificiall, than naturall and artificiall.

1901.  Edin. Rev., 60. Tolstoy pleaded that all great teachers commend the impossible, the *super-attainable ideal.

1864.  E. Sargent, Peculiar, III. 181. Instances in which dogs would seem to have been the mere instruments of a superhuman and *supercanine sagacity.

a. 1661.  Fuller, Worthies, Glouc. (1662), I. 360. Some pressed *super-Canonical Ceremonies.

1627.  Donne, Serm. Lady Danvers, 61. By which, that particular Church must bee *Super-Catholike and Super-vniuersall, aboue all the Churches in the world.

1677.  Gale, Crt. Gentiles, II. IV. 302. The … notion of God … as superessential Essence, superdivine Divinitie, *supercausal cause.

1880.  Le Conte, Sight, 154. We find something superphysical and *superchemical.

1793.  Martyn, Lang. Bot., Supra-decompositum folium, a *Super-decompound leaf … when a petiole divided several times connects many leaflets; each part forming a decompound leaf.

1802.  R. Hall, Elem. Bot., 183. Super-decompound … more than doubly compound.

1890.  J. Martineau, Seat Author. Relig., II. II. 214. Demons … driven off only by Messiah with his *superdemonic power.

a. 1631.  Donne, Serm. Hosea ii. 19 (1634), 3. A strange and *superdevilish invention.

1782.  J. Brown, View Nat. & Rev. Relig., V. v. (1796), 421. Can a man … believe that the new nature formed by … the Spirit of Christ … is so very superdevilish?

1610.  Donne, Pseudo-martyr, 185. Whether they will pleade Diuine Law, that is, places of Scripture, or Sub diuine Law, which is interpretation of Fathers, or *super diuine law, which is Decretal of Popes.

1677.  [see supercausal above].

1876.  L. Stephen, Eng. Th. 18th C., I. v. § 19. 299. Necessity … belongs to the super-divine sphere—if the phrase may be used.

1872.  W. R. Greg, Enigmas of Life, vi. 238. Capable of being moved to exert their *super-earthly powers for the benefit of those who … trust them.

1607.  Walkington, Optic Glass, 4. Those … who … præfer … the regard of the body before the welfare of the *Super-elementary soule.

a. 1744.  Bolingbroke, Auth. Matters Relig., vi. Wks. 1754, IV. 292. Moral theology … contains a *super-ethical doctrine, as some grave divines have ridiculously called it.

1913.  Forsyth, in Contemp. Rev., Oct., 496. Forms the prelude of the superethical Gospel of Humanity.

1871.  Meredith, H. Richmond, II. 112. She would require *superfeminine power of decision.

a. 1834.  Coleridge, Lit. Rem. (1839), IV. 433. The reason is *super-finite.

1887.  F. R. Stockton, Borrowed Month, etc., 200. One act … of what might be termed *super-friendly kindness.

1831.  Carlyle, Sart. Res., II. ii. Swallows … with animated … chirpings, and activity almost *super-hirundine.

1870.  Lowell, Among my Bks., Ser. I. 199. Such propriety of costume … as shall satisfy the *superhistoric sense, to which … the higher drama appeals.

1880.  N. Smyth, Old Faiths in New Light, v. (1882), 175. The creative Spirit that was in Christ is the *superhistorical and divine principle of Christianity.

1660.  Ingelo, Bentiv. & Ur., I. (1682), 90. Which he commanded them to behold with the Eye of *Superintellectual Faith.

1794.  T. Taylor, Pausanias’ Descr. Greece, III. 356. The gods … are superintellectual natures.

1840.  Gladstone, Ch. Princ., 76. That primary super-intellectual work.

1841.  Newman, Tracts for Times, No. 90 § 8. 61. The doctrine … of a real *superlocal presence in the Holy Sacrament.

1891.  T. K. Cheyne, Origin & Relig. Contents Ps., Introd. p. xxix. The imaginative Biblical symbols of *superlogical phenomena.

1867.  Dk. Argyll, Reign of Law, i. 22. To believe in the existence of miracles, we must … believe in the *Supermaterial.

1588.  J. Harvey, Disc. Probl., 51. Altogether supernaturall, *supermathematicall, and true myracles.

1657.  J. Goodwin, Triers Tried, 25. So should the grandure of their authority … have been somewhat more competent … and not so hyper-archepiscopall, so *super-metropolitan.

1862.  Spencer, First Princ., II. xiv. § 3 (1875), 316. Phenomena which, for want of a better word, we may term *super-organic. Ibid. (1876), Princ. Sociol. (1877), I. 3. The four Volumes, that have followed First Principles, have dealt with Organic Evolution…. We have now to enter upon the remaining division—Superorganic Evolution.

1676.  Doctrine of Devils, 31. Such as are parallel … and *Super-paramount to it.

1810.  Bentham, Packing (1821), 255. Parliamentary and *super-parliamentary lawyercraft.

1860.  Emerson, Cond. Life, vi. (1861), 141. The nameless Thought, the nameless Power, the *superpersonal Heart.

1899.  C. F. D’Arcy, Idealism & Theology, ii. 95. If the conception of personality is not adequate as a final description of Deity, then we must believe in God as ultimately superpersonal unity.

1588.  *Superplatonical [see superaristotelical above].

1659.  Baxter, Key Cath., xxxiii. 207. Our new *superprelatical Brethren that degrade others that want their Ordination.

1885.  A. Stewart, ’Twixt Ben Nevis & Glencoe, i. 7. This extraordinary and really *superquadrupedal nous and intelligence.

1723.  Waterland, 2nd Vind. Christ’s Div., xvi. Wks. 1823, III. 348. You may consider him as King, and so you may present him with regal worship; or as King of kings, and then it will be *super-regal.

1867.  O. Shipley, Priestly Absolution, 25. Under the elder Dispensation, the Prophet stood in an almost *super-sacerdotal position.

1881.  Romanes, in Nature, 5 May, 2/1. It matters not to science what views her individual cultivators may hold on *super-scientific questions.

a. 1656.  Bp. Hall, Rem. Wks. (1660), 302. Let us celebrate this feast,… not in a worldly but *supersecular manner.

1686.  Spec. B. Virginis, 21. Her sacred body is endowed with a *superseraphical activity, whereby she can render her self present … to all her votaries.

1847.  Emerson, Poems, Merlin, Wks. (Bohn), I. 466. Sparks of the *supersolar blaze.

a. 1704.  T. Brown, Lett. fr. Dead, I. (1707), 163. Since he was got clear of his *Super-Tartarian Concern.

1627.  *Superuniversal [see supercatholic above].

1890.  William Sharp, in Academy, 12 July, 28/2. I heard it asserted … that a sense … of remote natural aspects … was impossible; but … such an abnormally acute *supervisual perception is by no means impossible.

1789.  T. Taylor, Proclus, II. 385. Every god is super-essential, *supervital, and super-intellectual.

1785.  Anna Seward, Lett. (1811), I. 86. Freedoms, not much calculated to the meridian of *superworldly refinement.

1874.  Dykes, Relat. Kingd. to World, 7. The effort … to attain … super-worldly purity.

  (b)  In corresponding advs., as superadequately, -artificially, -cathedrically, -diabolically.

1830.  Fraser’s Mag., II. 422. The manufacturers affirm that agriculture … is *superadequately, and therefore unfairly protected.

1588.  J. Harvey, Disc. Probl., 35. Either supernaturally inspired, or *superartificially instructed.

1869.  E. W. Benson, in A. C. Benson, Life (1899), I. vii. 262. Lincoln Cathedral (with its long ridge *super-cathedrically long …) is most grandest.

1782.  J. Brown, View Nat. & Rev. Relig., V. ii. (1796), 350. So *superdiabolically wicked, as to sin because experienced grace doth abound.

  b.  Prefixed to sbs., forming adjs. in the same sense as above: e.g., supergraduate, -seaman, -standard. Super-head, epithet of a quality of wool (see quot.).

1888.  Rep. Centen. Confer. Missions, II. 426. A *supergraduate course of training.

1839.  Compl. Grazier (1846), IV. ix. 254. Head or chief, either because it is derived partly or chiefly from the head, or because it stands at the head of the inferior wools. *Super-head.—An advance upon the preceding kind, but the sorter not having yet arrived at the best part of the fleece.

1898.  H. D. Ward, in Century Mag., July, 371/1. After almost *superseaman efforts, they reached the vessel.

1909.  Century Dict., Suppl. s.v. Risk, *Superstandard risk, insurance on the life of one whose habits or heredity or the state of whose health increases his expectancy of life.

  5.  Prefixed to sbs., forming sbs. denoting something above, beyond, greater or higher than what is expressed by the radical part.

  In some cases this use tends to blend with 6 b.

  a.  gen., chiefly in nonce-words, as super-Christ, -Erastian, -septuagenarian.

1850.  Fraser’s Mag., XLII. 479. The adhesion of one noble lord to the Italian *Superchrist.

1711.  G. Hickes, Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847), II. 393. The *Super-Erastians, Hobbes, Selden, and other such writers.

1915.  Observer, 10 Oct., 7/3. As a *super-septuagenarian I am debarred from active participation.

  b.  Mus. Designating a note next above some principal note, as SUPERDOMINANT, SUPERTONIC.

  c.  Nat. Hist. In classification, denoting a group or division next higher than, or including a number of, those denoted by the radical part, as super-family, -order, -species, -suborder. So Super-molecule Chem., a complex molecule formed by the combination of molecules of different substances.

1899.  G. H. Carpenter, Insects, iii. 155. Some naturalists … classing Pararge and its allies as a sub-family of Nymphalidæ…. Others, allowing them family rank, would group them together with the Nymphalidæ and other allied families into a *super-family.

1834.  W. Prout, Chem., 149. We suppose, that the two molecules of carbon … are associated together into one symmetrical *super-molecule.

1899.  G. H. Carpenter, Insects, iv. 164. Various groupings of these orders into larger divisions (*‘super-orders’ or ‘sub-classes’) have been proposed.

1900.  B. D. Jackson, Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Superspecies, a group of sub-species or new species regarded as an entity.

1903.  R. W. Shufeldt, in Amer. Nat., Jan., 34. Order Saururæ. *Supersuborder Archornithiformes. Suborder Archornithes. Family Archæopteridæ.

  d.  Geom. In geometry of more than three dimensions, designating a locus or figure having one more dimension than that denoted by the simple word: e.g., supercube, -curve, -line, -solid, -surface.

1873.  Cayley, Math. Papers (1896), IX. 79, note. In 5 dimensional geometry we have: space, surface, subsurface, supercurve, curve, and point-system, according as we have between the six coordinates 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 equations: and so when the equations are linear, we have: space, plane, subplane, superline, line, and point.

1904.  C. E. Benham, in Knowledge, March, 45/2. (title), The Super Solid. Hints towards a Conception of the 4th Dimension.

1904.  G. H. Bryan, ibid., May, 92/1. A much better idea of the regular character of the ‘super-cube’ or ‘eight-cell,’ as it is called by most writers, and of its connection with four-dimensional space.

  e.  Prefixed to the name of a person, forming a vb. in sense ‘to excel, surpass, or outdo (the person named) in his characteristic quality or action’ (= OUT- 22): as supercæsar, -Christ, -Napolean. rare.

1846.  Landor, Imag. Conv., Jas. I & Casaubon. Even Caesars are *supercaesared by their tenants of the Vatican.

1918.  Paul H. Sloan, in Wilmington Morning News, 2 Aug., 2/5. We need to get away from Germany’s idea of the superman and go back to our Father’s conception of a *super-Christ.

1914.  Emil Reich, Germany’s Madness, 204. The Kaiser gives the impression that he firmly believes himself to be a *super-Napoleon.

  6.  Prefixed to sbs. with adj. force: Higher in rank, quality, degree, or amount; of a higher kind or nature; superior.

  a.  With names of officials or persons in authority, forming titles designating one superior to the official denoted by the simple word, as in late or med.L. supercoquus head cook, superjudex chief judge, supertextor chief weaver; e.g., super-arbiter, -attendant (= SUPERINTENDENT 2 b), -doctor, -quæstor, -sovereign; also in the names of the corresponding offices or functions, as super-sovereignty.

1673.  H. Stubbe, Further Justif. War Neth., To Rdr. 13. To decide emergent differences a new expedient of Arbiters and *Super-arbiters was found out.

1550.  Coverdale, Order Ch. Denmark, in Treat. Sacrament, etc., E iij b. The *superattendent or chyefe curate commeth in to the pulpyt.

1675.  Tully, Let. Baxter, 30. He had need to have a very competent measure of abilities himselfe, who is to give his verdict of anothers, even so farr as to make him his *super-Doctor of the Chaire.

1709.  Mrs. Manley, Secret Mem. (1720), IV. 38. As long as Cajus Æmilius is *Super-Questor.

1625.  Donne, Serm. 3 April, 36. Where there is an inducing of a *super-Soueraigne, and a super-Supremacie,… this is … an vndermining, a destroying of Foundations. Ibid. (1627), Serm. 6 May (1649), II. 381. Those that fix a *super-Soveraignty in the people, or in a Presbytery.

  b.  with nouns of action or condition, etc.; e.g., super-agency, -canonization, -comprehension, -division, -good, -one, -organism, -proportion, -truth.

  This use tends to blend with 5; thus supercomprehension = higher comprehension, or comprehension above ordinary comprehension.

1891.  Century Dict., *Superagency, a higher or superior agency.

1628.  Donne, Serm., xlviii. (1640), 476. This *supercanonization, (for, it was not of a Saint, but of a God).

1887.  F. Winterton, in Mind, April, 268. Molina said … that God saw the future possible acts of man through His ‘*supercomprehension’ of human nature.

1633.  Ames, Fresh Suit agst. Cerem., II. 174. The reason which he bringeth, is onely from the subdivision of true worship. But that doeth not hinder a *superdivision or æquidivision into common and speciall.

a. 1619.  Fotherby, Atheom., II. x. § 3 (1622), 304. He is … a *Super-good, a *Super-truth, a *Super-one,… as surpassing all other Bonitie, and Veritie, and Vnitie.

a. 1899.  D. G. Brinton, Basis Soc. Relat., I. ii. (1902), 38–9. Many writers of late years have spoken of the social unit, the group or the nation, as an ‘organism.’ Some have further defined it as a *‘superorganism’ or a ‘physio-psychic organism.’

1644.  Digby, Nat. Bodies, ix. § 3. 64. That velocity is the effect of the *superproportion of the one Agent ouer a certaine medium, in respect of the proportion which an other Agent hath to the same medium.

  c.  In recent (chiefly nonce) formations after SUPERMAN, used to designate a person, animal or thing that markedly surpasses all others, or the generality, of its class: e.g., super-brute, -critic, -dramatist, -goddess, -race, -tramp, -woman; Super-Dreadnought, an all-big-gun ship with an armament superior to that of the Dreadnought class.

1903.  Westm. Gaz., 19 Aug., 2/1. The ideas which the super-dramatist would convey to a super-critic. Ibid. (1906), 22 Jan., 2/2. We middle-aged folk, Supermen and Superwomen, and ‘Men-and-Women-in-the-Street.’ Ibid. (1907), 24 Oct., 6/3. Dr. F. W. Andrewes read a paper on ‘Medicine and Super-Medicine.’

1908.  W. H. Davies (title), The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp.

1909.  Westm. Gaz., 23 Aug., 2/2. The two super-Dreadnoughts which are to be added to the United States fleet. Ibid. (1910), 18 June, 14/3. In general dimensions the super-‘Dreadnought’ of to-day is a battleship of from 500ft. b.p. to, say, 536ft. over all, with a beam of 84ft. to 86ft., and with a draught of 27ft.

1911.  R. A. Fletcher, Warships, 324. The name-ship has been so much improved upon in recent designs that she is as inferior to the last of the super-Dreadnought battleships as the displaced pre-Dreadnoughts were to her.

1911.  Contemp. Rev., June Lit. Suppl. 3. One is almost afraid to laugh when Spenser treats Elizabeth as a super-goddess.

1911.  Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, I. vi. 176. As the angel to the man, so was the dragon to the world of beasts: a creature of splendour and terror, a super-brute, veritably existent if seldom seen.

  d.  Mus. = Next higher in pitch: in SUPEROCTAVE, q.v.

  7.  Beyond in time, later; as in L. supervīvĕre to outlive, SUPERVIVE, SURVIVE; † Superlast v. trans., to last beyond, outlast.

1648.  Herrick, Hesper., To his Booke, vii. 14. Nor thinke these Ages … Shall live, and thou not superlast all times.

  b.  With prepositional force, in med.L. superannātus, f. super annum beyond a year: see SUPERANNATE, SUPERANNUATE.

  8.  Before in time, prior to; as in SUPERLAPSARIAN; e.g., super-creation (used as adj.), decreed before the Creation.

a. 1679.  T. Goodwin, Of Election, I. i. The necessity of an election or super-creation grace, if either angels or men … be certainly … saved.

  (b)  So in nonce-vbs. formed by Heylin after H. L’Estrange’s use of SUPERANNUATE v. (sense 5), in reference to dating events (so much) too early.

1656.  Heylin, Extraneus Vapulans, 102. We have here a super-semi-annuating (a fine word of our Authors new fashion) in making Doctor Laud Bishop of Bathe and Wells, seven moneths at least before his time: a superannuating in the great rout given to Tilly by the King of Sweden placed by our Author in the year 1630 whereas that battle was not fought till the year next following; a super-triennuating in placing the Synod of Dort … in the year 1615, that Synod not being holden untill three years after, and if I do not finde a super-superannuating [sic; read super-sexannuating] (that is to say, a lapse of six years) either in the Pamphlet or the History, I am content, our Author shall enjoy … a publick triumph.

  III.  In or to the highest or a very high degree; hence, in excess of what is usual, or of what ought to be; superabundant(ly); excessive(ly).

  9.  a. Prefixed in advb. relation to adjs.: Exceedingly, very highly, extremely, supremely, extraordinarily; over-; as in late or med.L. supergloriōsus (Vulgate) exceedingly glorious, superillustris very illustrious (see Superillustrious below), superlaudābilis (Vulgate) greatly to be praised; e.g., superactive (= highly active), -ceremonious (= over-ceremonious), -dainty, -glorious, -ingenious, -sufficient, -superabundant, -sweet, -zealous. † Superbenedict [L. benedictus blessed], supremely blessed. Super-extra, applied to commodities, esp. to a style of bookbinding, of the very best quality (cf. extra super, s.v. SUPER a. 2). Superfatted, -fatty, (of soap), containing an excess of fat, i.e., more than can combine with the alkali. Superfidel, nonce-wd. [after infidel: cf. SEMI-FIDEL], believing, too much. † Superillustrious, honorific title of certain kings and other exalted personages. Superinenarrable [ad. late L. superinēnarrābilis (St. Augustine): see INENARRABLE], supremely indescribable. † Superomnivalent [OMNIVALENT], supremely omnipotent. † Superpassing, surpassing (in quot. as adv.). † Superproportioned, of excessive proportions. † Supersufferable [SUFFERABLE 1], extremely long-suffering.

1654.  trans. Scudery’s Curia Pol., 87. Hee who is too slow may equally be quickened by him who is *superactive and vigorous.

1873.  M. Arnold, Lit. & Dogma, ix. 276. St. Augustine prays: ‘Holy Trinity, *superadmirable Trinity, and superinenarrable, and superinscrutable, and superinaccessible, superincomprehensible.

1880.  W. S. Gilbert, Patience, II. An ultra-poetical, *super-æsthetical, out-of-the-way young man.

1683.  E. Hooker, in Pordage, Mystic Div., Pref. Ep. 107. The only True,… ever-adorabl and *super-benedict Triune Deitie.

1575.  G. Harvey, Letter-bk. (Camden), 92. O my soverayne goodman, howe can your owne soverayne joye … but shape a benigne answer to so benigne and *superbenigne a replye?

1601.  in Farr, S. P. Eliz. (1845), II. 431. The *super-blessed Trinity.

1659.  Gauden, Tears Ch., IV. xxiii. 625. Superstitious and *Super-ceremonious Prelates.

1833.  Lamb, Elia, Ser. II. Product. Mod. Art. Those high aspirations of a *super-chivalrous gallantry.

1610.  Holland, Camden’s Brit., I. 687. By our Critickes good leave (who … presuming so much of their great wits are *supercriticall).

1661.  Gauden, Consid. Liturgy, 25. These supercritical censors.

1699.  Evelyn, Acetaria, 105. Eighthly, (according to the *supercurious) that the Knife, with which the Sallet Herbs are cut … be of Silver.

1596.  Shaks., Tam. Shr., II. i. 189. Kate of Kate-hall, my *super-daintie Kate.

1596.  Nashe, Saffron Walden, Wks. (Grosart), III. 134. Her *super-delicate bastard daughter ceremonious dissembling Italy.

1888.  E[mily] Gerard, Land beyond Forest, II. xliv. 220. Some people indeed there are, of super-delicate digestions, who cannot stand buffaloes’ milk.

1593.  G. Harvey, Pierce’s Super., ** iv b. Spare me, o *super-dominering Elfe.

1851.  Mayne Reid, Scalp Hunters, ii. 17. His dress will be more gaudy and *super-elegant.

1593.  G. Harvey, Pierce’s Super., 163. Mercury the most nimble, and *supereloquent God.

c. 1860.  B. Harte, My Other Self, in Fiddletown, etc. (1873), 121. Looking in her eyes, and carrying on a conversation in their supereloquent language.

1699.  R. L’Estrange, Erasm. Colloq. (1725), 275. But a Man should rather die, than violate so *super-Evangelical a Rule.

1619.  W. Sclater, Exp. 1 Thess. (1630), 225. To attaine the vtmost *superexcedent end [sc. eternal happiness].

1807.  Southey, Espriella’s Lett., II. 212. Who would be content … to put up with the second best, instead of ordering at once the *super-extra-double-superfine?

1835.  T. R. Smith’s Catal. Bks., May, 4/2. New and very elegant calf super extra.

1891.  C. L. Field, Patent Specif., No. 21438. An Improved Manufacture of *Superfatted Soap.

1892.  Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry, 31 May, 446/1. This improvement in the manufacture of superfatted soaps consists in adding to soap, made by the cold process, milk, cream, or butter in such quantities that any alkali in excess is saturated and an excess of cream is left.

1834.  *Super-fidel [see SEMI-FIDEL].

1550.  R. Hutchinson, Image of God, xx. (1560), 100 b. I wil … shew … that there be thre persons in ye *supergloriouse deitie.

1648.  J. Beaumont, Psyche, XVIII. xcix. His superglorious most refined Nature.

1593.  G. Harvey, Pierce’s Super., 102. *Superhappy Creatures, that haue illuminate vnderstanding.

1579.  Spenser, Lett. to Harvey, Poet. Wks. (1912), 638/2. With many *superhartie Commendations, and Recommendations to your selfe, and all my friendes.

1630.  trans. Camden’s Hist. Eliz., IV. 154. Amongst the Kings which they termed *Superillustrious, the King of England was accompted the third, and the Spaniard the fourth.

1633.  Ld. Wariston, Diary (S.H.S.), 31. Gods *superincomprehensible goodnes, kyndnes, and merciful tendernes to me.

1873.  *Superinenarrable [see superadmirable above].

1594.  Nashe, Unfort. Trav., Wks. (Grosart), V. 65. That abundant and *superingenious clarke Erasmus.

1885.  Huxley, in L. Huxley, Life & Lett. (1900), II. vi. 95. I shall be curious to see what defence the superingenious Premier has to offer for himself in Parliament.

1628.  Feltham, Resolves, II. [I.] lxxix. 229. It were a *superinsaniated folly, to struggle with a Power, which I know is all in vaine contended with.

1665.  Gadbury, London’s Deliv. Predicted, v. 28. It is an Argument of super-insaniated folly.

1661.  J. Davies, Civil Warres, 109. He … applies … to the faithful Montrose … a *super-loyal soul.

1614.  B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, V. vi. Thou *superlunaticall hypocrite.

1787.  Beckford, Italy (1834), II. xxx. 208. To all these *super-marvellous narrations, the missionary appeared to listen with implicit faith.

1579.  G. Harvey, Letter-bk. (Camden), 78. I lerned oute of Aggrippaes *supernotable fourthe booke de Occulta Philosophia.

1650.  B., Discolliminium, 18. They are dextrously pragmatick … *Super-officious.

1602.  J. Davies, Mirum in Modum, Wks. (Grosart), I. 22/2. God by powre, *super-omnivalent.

1608.  J. Day, Law Trickes, I. i. Thanks:—*superpassing good!

1657.  J. Sergeant, Schism Dispach’t, 648. He excepts against the *super proportion’d multitude of members out of one province, which hee says never lawfull Parliament had.

1768.  Tucker, Lt. Nat. (1834), I. 460. Sentimental *super-refined ladies.

1888.  B. A. Elkin, in Pall Mall Gaz., 24 Oct., 3/2. The distinction is, perhaps, super-refined.

1887.  Lecky, Hist. Eng., VI. xxiii. 299. The combination of mean action and *supersaintly profession.

1633.  Ford, Broken H., IV. ii. ’Tis wonderful, ’Tis *super-singular, not to be match’d.

1656.  Artif. Handsom., 56. Such a *super-stoicall piece of Philosophy.

1844.  Hood, Forge, I. 70. Walking, leaping, striding along, As none can do but the *super-strong.

c. 1450.  Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.), 150. Alle this tholid thow Jhū in paciens *supersuffrable.

1648.  Jenkyn, Blind Guide, i. 3. The … foolish pamphlets … are a *supersufficient testimony.

1864.  Dk. Manch., Crt. & Soc. Eliz. to Anne, I. xiv. 280. Superabundant pride born of supersufficient wealth.

1871.  W. G. Ward, Ess. Philos. Theism (1884), II. 258. All men have access to *super-superabundant evidence for the truth of Theism.

1840.  Haliburton, Clockm., Ser. III. (1862), 518. She was a most *super-superior gall and worth lookin’ at.

1625.  Gill, Sacr. Philos., i. 8. Whatsoever is *supersupreme, or highest in all degrees of perfection.

1593.  Breton, Phoenix Nest, Wks. (Grosart), I. 4/1. Sundrie flowres so *super sweete of smell.

1592.  G. Harvey, Four Lett., iii. 31. Those Miracles, which some round liberality, and thy *super-thankfull minde, would hugelie enable thee to worke.

1817.  Coleridge, Biog. Lit., xxiii. (Bohn), 290. A series of *super-tragic starts, pauses, screams.

1649.  Prynne, Vind. Lib. Eng., 13. More then Regall,… *Super-transcendent Arbitrary power.

1902.  Encycl. Brit., XXVI. 66/2. This *‘supervirulent’ character [of bacillus-cultures].

1627.  Donne, Serm. Easter-day (1640), 217. A *super-zealous, an over-vehement animosity.

  (b)  In corresponding adverbs, as † supereffluently, -infinitely, -superabundantly.

a. 1711.  Ken, Sion, Poet. Wks. 1721, III. 380. O may kind Heav’n on good Macario’s Head Grace and Truth *supereffluently shed.

1628.  Donne, Serm. 15 April (1640), 765. We were still short of numbring the benefits of God, as God; But then, of God in Christ, infinitely, *Super-infinitely short.

1908.  Westm. Gaz., 5 Aug., 12/1. A prize in books, *supermagnificently bound.

1607.  Barley-Breake (1877), 9. A little tilt … Whereunto *super-solemnly they goe.

1871.  W. G. Ward, Ess. Philos. Theism (1886), II. 256. Evidence *super-superabundantly sufficient.

a. 1665.  J. Goodwin, Being filled with the Spirit (1867), 125. The things promised … are so above measure desirable and *super-transcendently glorious.

  b.  Prefixed to verbs or participles (with derivatives), in same senses as in a: as in late L. superabundāre to SUPERABOUND, supereffluĕre (in the same sense), superextendĕre to stretch excessively, superincendĕre to inflame greatly; e.g., superaccumulate (= to accumulate beyond measure), -exceed, -extol, -please, -praise, -reward vbs.; superacidulated (= acidulated to excess), -civilized, -elated, -excited, -faced (FACED ppl. a.² 2), -peopled pples. and ppl. adjs.; sometimes = ‘more than,’ as in superneutralized, supersatisfy. Supercool v. trans., to cool (a liquid) below its freezing-point without solidifying it. Superosculate v., Geom., trans. to osculate at more coincident points than usually suffice for determining the locus; so Superosculation.

a. 1709.  Atkyns, Parl. & Polit. Tracts (1734), 215. A smart Epistle … wherein he does cry out upon the Pope, for that the Pope’s Bulls did *superaccumulate (as he terms it) the Words (Non obstante).

1828–32.  Webster, *Superacidulated.

1865.  E. S. Ffoulkes, Christ. Div., 2. The New World … is becoming super-peopled and *super-civilised.

1818.  Bentham, Ch. Eng., 174. Suppose the Archbishop of Canterbury … with his own *super-consecrated hands, washing the feet of a dozen of the inhabitants.

1907.  Jrnl. Phys. Chem., XI. 425. The freezing point curve had been determined … and there is considerable evidence of the effects of *supercooling.

1652.  Urquhart, Jewel, Wks. (1834), 231. Through the too intensive stretching of the already *super-elated strings of their imagination.

1622.  Malynes, Anc. Law-Merch., Ded. Being confident of your most gratious benignitie and *superexceeding grace.

1635.  Heywood, Hierarchy, II. 78.

a. 1665.  J. Goodwin, Being filled with the Spirit (1867), 109. Those degrees of [righteousness and holiness] which in persons highly qualified with them do super-exceed that measure or degree of them which are found in Christians of a lower pitch and stature.

1862.  Lytton, Str. Story, xxxiii. A brain *super-excited by the fumes of a vapour.

1696.  Lorimer, Goodwin’s Disc., vii. 83. It was necessary that the Decrees … should be *superextended, (i. e. should be enlarged above what they were before).

1865.  Pusey, Eiren., 369. Who *superextol reason and its discoveries.

1894.  C. Vickerman, Woollen Spinning, x. 243. In addition to a *super-faced cloth … an immeasurably superior class of tweeds could be produced.

1822–7.  Good, Study Med. (1829), V. 12. The stoutest tree, if *superfructified, is impaired for bearing fruit the next year.

1881.  Tyndall, Ess. Floating-Matter of Air, 90. The same infusions slightly *superneutralized by caustic potash.

1891.  Century Dict., s.v., A conic having six consecutive points in common with a cubic is said to *superosculate it.

1902.  Science, 18 April, 625/2. On the Superosculation of Surfaces.

1632.  B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, Induct. He is confident it shall *super-please judicious Spectators.

1590.  Shaks., Mids. N., III. ii. 153. To vow, and sweare, and *superpraise my parts.

1622.  Bacon, Lett. to Jas. I., in Spedding, Lett. & Life (1874), VII. 383. They were from time to time far above my merit over and *super-rewarded by your Majesty’s benefits.

1853.  Mrs. Gore, Dean’s Dau., II. x. 253. The plausible wife and nurse of a *super-rheumatised DD.

1629.  Donne, Serm. 22 Nov. (1649), II. 417. To merit, and overmerit; To satisfie, and *super-satisfie the justice of God.

1818.  T. L. Peacock, Nightmare Abbey, x. Like a shuttlecock between two battledores,… flying from point to point on the feathers of a *super-sublimated head.

1603.  J. Davies, Microcosmos, Pref., Wks. (Grosart), I. 17/1. These *super-supererogating Workes.

1832.  L. Hunt, Redi Bacchus in Tuscany, 139. I love my wine iced through and through, If I will have it … *Superultrafrostified.

  10.  Prefixed with adjectival force to abstract sbs.: Very great, or too great; surpassing; excessive, extreme; after late L. superabundantia SUPERABUNDANCE; e.g., superactivity, -conformity (= overpreciseness in conforming to ecclesiastical rules), -effluence, -exiguity, -infirmity, -treason, -vexation; hence occas. agent-nouns, as superconformist, -individualist. Superintromission Sc. Law, intromission beyond one’s legal rights.

1553.  Bradford, Serm. Repentance (1574), C iij. Workes of supererogation (yea *superabomination).

1895.  M. Ch. Féré, in Pop. Sci. Monthly, July, 398. Under the influence of a *superactivity of nutrition defective organisms might furnish a normal epigenesis.

1638.  Ld. Wariston, Diary (S.H.S.), 342. Rayning doune the *superafluence of his blessings.

1880.  J. H. Ingram, in Academy, 28 Feb., 153/3. Its superaffluence of splendour.

1801.  W. Taylor, in Monthly Mag., XII. 575/2. The *super-civilization … of Europe.

1684.  Baxter, Par. Congreg., 22. The writings of *superconformists and subverters, or changers of the church government.

1659.  Gauden, Tears Ch., I. xiii. 113. Either to a peevish nonconformity, or to a pragmatick *super-conformity.

1644.  Digby, Nat. Soul, Concl. 463. His liberall *supereffluence of Being vpon me.

1660.  Hammond, Χάρις καὶ Εἰρήνη, 41. That the supereffluence of Grace may be resisted.

a. 1711.  Ken, Lett., Wks. (1838), 39. I beseech God … to give you a super-effluence of his H. Spirit.

1856.  Dove, Logic Chr. Faith, VI. § 5. 369. Some *super-excitation of the devotional faculty.

1664.  Power, Exp. Philos., I. xxxviii. 47. The *super-exiguity of this farinaceous Seed of Wort.

1641.  Hacket, Sp. Parl., in Plume, Life (1865), 49. The *superexquisiteness of the music.

1802.  Paley, Nat. Theol., xxvi. The system of animal destruction ought always to be considered in strict connexion with another property of animal nature, viz *superfecundity.

a. 1835.  F. W. Hope, in Kirby, Hab. & Inst. Anim., II. xx. 334. A Superintending Power which ordains checks and counterchecks to remedy the superfecundity of the insect world.

1912.  S. Graham, trans. in Engl. Rev., March, 638. Mystical *super-individualism. Ibid. The art of world-forsakers and hermits, of *super-individualists.

1581.  J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 375 b. Is this … the superabundance of your eloquence? or … *superinfirmity of your slippery braynes?

1678.  Fountainhall, Decis. (1759), I. 1. The Ordinary found the pursuer could not reply on *superintromission, unless she had taken a dative ad omissa.

a. 1768.  Erskine, Inst. Law Scot., III. ix. § 52. Where an executor confirmed … intermeddles with subjects not given up by him in inventory, after being cited by a creditor, such superintromission makes him liable as a vitious intromitter.

1871.  J. Brown, Lett., to Lady Minto, 31 Dec. (1907), 208. There are too many big words and hints of *superknowledge.

1599.  Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, Wks. 1905, III. 186. Not the dimunutiuest nooke or creuise of them but is parturient of the like *superofficiousnes.

1662.  Hibbert, Body of Div., I. 327. They can do works of supererrogation; therefore they may challenge … a *superperfection to themselves.

1670.  H. Stubbe, Plus Ultra, 164. What we experiment here is not the weight of the Air properly, but the *super-ponderancy or over-weight of it.

1805.  Eugenia de Acton, Nuns of Desert, I. 238. People being in those times more superstitious than in our present day of *super-refinement.

1654.  Gayton, Pleas. Notes, III. xii. 157. In case of extreme calidity, and *supersufficiency.

1871.  W. G. Ward, Ess. Philos. Theism (1884), II. 259. The *super-superabundance … of evidence.

1651.  Cleveland, Scots Apostasy, 19. The infamie this *super-treason brings.

1625.  B. Jonson, Staple of News, 3rd Interm. 56. Not teach ’hem to speake Playes, and Act Fables of false newes … to the *superuexation of Towne and Countrey.

  b.  (Chiefly Phys. and Path.) Denoting processes or conditions in excess of the normal; as in mod.L. superfētātio SUPERFETATION, supernutrītio excessive nutrition; e.g., superalkalinity, -fecundation, -irritation, -salinity, -secretion. † Superfoliation, excessive growth of foliage.

c. 1865.  J. Wylde’s Circ. Sci., I. 151/1. The *super-alkalinity of the bath.

1822–7.  Good, Study Med. (1829), V. 129. The imperfect emission proceeding from *super-erection or priapism.

1855.  Dunglison, Med. Lex., *Superfecundation, see Superfoetation.

1901.  Dorland, Med. Dict., Superfecundation, the successive fecundation of two ova formed at the same menstrual period.

1857.  Dunglison, Med. Lex., *Superfibrination, Hyperinosis.

a. 1682.  Sir T. Browne, Tracts (1683), 76. The Disease of φυλλομανία ἐμφυλλισμός, or *superfoliation, mention’d by Theophrastus; whereby the fructifying Juice is starved by the excess of Leaves.

1872.  T. G. Thomas, Dis. Women (ed. 3), 571. *Superinvolution can be confounded with no other condition than undeveloped uterus.

1890.  Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., *Superlactation, excessive secretion of milk.

1648.  Baillie, Lett. to W. Spang, 26 June. I was forced to keep my chamber ten days with a dangerous *superpurgation.

1751.  Stack, in Phil. Trans., XLVII. 274. These two doses … might cause a superpurgation.

1845.  Spooner, Veterinary Art (1851), 58. Superpurgation from actual inflammation is extremely dangerous.

1882.  J. C. Burnett (title), *Supersalinity of the Blood.

1843.  R. J. Graves, Syst. Clin. Med., xx. 233. I often diminish *supersecretion from the lungs by strong hydragogue cathartics.

  II.  In prepositional relation with the radical element, as in late L. supernumerārius, that is super numerum beyond the (normal) number, SUPERNUMERARY.

  12.  Chem. † a. Prefixed to vbs., pa. pples., and cognate nouns of action, denoting a high proportion of the ingredient indicated by the radical element; e.g., superazotation (= the condition of being highly charged with nitrogen), -carbonate vb., -carburetted, -oxidated, -oxygenated, -oxygenation, -phlogistication.

1783.  Priestley, in Phil. Trans., LXXIII. 405. By *super-phlogisticating iron with nitrous air. Ibid. (1789), LXXIX. 289. What we have called the phlogistication of them, ought rather to have been called their *super-phlogistication.

1793.  Beddoes, Calculus, p. x. Easy extemporaneous way to *supercarbonate alkali to a certain degree.

1794.  Hutton, Philos. Light, etc., 297. The *super-oxigenated marine acid.

1796.  Hatchett, in Phil. Trans., LXXXVI. 285. A peculiar metallic substance, which was liable by *superoxygenation to be converted into a metallic acid.

1799.  Mushet, in Phil. Mag., IV. 381, note. When supercarbonated crude iron is run from the furnace, it is frequently covered with a scurf, which … is found to be a coating of plumbago.

1799.  Monthly Rev., XXX. 498. Water with the addition of about one-fourth part of the *super-oxydated acid.

1802.  Edin. Rev., I. 243. Their grand energy … in a word … depends upon a real *superazotation.

1816.  S. Parkes, Chem. Catech., ix. (ed. 7), 257, note. A gas … called *super-carburetted hydrogen and also olefiant gas. Ibid., 255, note. Sulphuretted hydrogen is capable of combining with an additional portion of sulphur, forming a compound which may be called *super-sulphuretted hydrogen.

1829.  Nat. Philos., I. Optics, xviii. 64 (Usef. Knowl. Soc.). Super-oxygenated muriate of potash.

  b.  In names of compounds, indicating that the ingredient denoted by the radical is in the highest proportion: e.g., superacetate (= a salt containing the highest proportion of acetic acid); superoxide (= PEROXIDE); † supersulphuret (= a binary compound containing the highest proportion of sulphur, a persulphide). Now surviving in the names of certain salts used in manufactures or the arts, e.g., SUPERPHOSPHATE.

[1839:  see SUB- 23.]

1797.  Pearson, in Phil. Trans., LXXXVIII. 44. *Superoxalate of potash.

1807.  T. Thomson, Chem. (ed. 3), II. 396. *Superarseniate of potash. Ibid., 616. *Supersulphate of alumina-and-potash.

1811.  A. T. Thomson, Lond. Disp. (1818), 555. The dose of *superacetate of lead.

1812.  Sir H. Davy, Chem. Philos., 383. The other sulphuret of tin, or the *supersulphuret is made by heating together the peroxide of tin and sulphur.

1815.  J. Smith, Panorama Sci. & Art, II. 296. *Super-tartrate of potass.

1826.  Henry, Elem. Chem., II. 226. The neutral malate of lime … may be obtained by adding lime water to a solution of the *super-malate.

1843.  Penny Cycl., XXVII. 458/2. Malate of lime and super-tartrate of lime [in the juice of the grape].

1847.  Webster, *Super-oxyd, an oxyd containing more equivalents of oxygen than of the base with which it is combined; a hyperoxyd.

1853.  W. Gregory, Inorg. Chem., 51. Deutoxide (binoxide, peroxide, or superoxide) of manganese.

1891.  Science-Gossip, XXVII. 32. The colour is fixed by a mordant of alumina and oxide of tin, and the colour is intensified by super-tartrate of potash.

  IV.  Expressing addition.

  13.  In advb. or adj. relation to a vb., sb. or adj.: Over and above, in addition, additional(ly), extra; as in (late) L. superaddĕre to add over and above, SUPERADD, superērogāre to spend over and above, SUPEREROGATE, superfētāre to conceive again while already with young, supernōmināre to give an additional name to, SURNAME, superordināre to appoint in addition; (late or med.) L. superaugmentum further increase, superindictio (see INDICTION 2], supernōmen SURNAME, superplūs SURPLUS: e.g., † superassume, -elect, -illustrate, -ordain vbs.; super-accession, -conception, -dying, † -graffing, -illustration, -injustice, -ornament, -sanction, -straining, -stuff sbs. and vbl. sbs.; † superaccessory adj. † Superadvenient a., coming upon or after something as an addition. † Superbibe v. [late L. superbībĕre] trans., to drink in addition. Supercalender v. trans., to subject (paper) to additional calendering, so as to produce a highly glazed surface; chiefly in ppl. adj. and vbl. sb.; hence Supercalender sb., a roller used for supercalendering. Superfeudation, Superinfeudation, creation of a new feudal estate out of one already established. Superinstallation, installation into an office or dignity already held by another (cf. SUPERINSTITUTION). Super-tax sb., an additional duty of income tax levied upon incomes above a certain value.

1701.  Norris, Ideal World, I. vii. 410. One is conceived as a *super-accession to the other. Ibid. (1698), Trial. Sev. Subj., 392. The Divine Light … *Superaccessory to the Natural Light.

1647.  H. More, Song of Soul, Notes 160/1. By the powerfull appulse of some *superadvenient form. Ibid. (1664), Myst. Iniq., xx. 77. Which will again be hugely increased by another superadvenient Incertainty.

1620.  Venner, Via Recta, viii. 190. Vpon meats taken againe, let there be assumed a draught of ordinarie Beere, and therewith, or a litle meat *super-assumed.

1691.  Sancroft, Lett. to Sir H. North, in D’Oyly, Life (1821), xi. II. 10. I sometimes eat bread and butter in a morning, and *superbibe my second dish of coffee after it.

1888.  Daily News, 10 Dec., 3/2. The choice *super-calendered paper with which the American magazines have made us familiar.

1902.  Encycl. Brit., XXXII. 6/1. Super-calendered paper, which is still largely used for the printing of ordinary illustrations. Ibid. (1911), (ed. 11), XX. 734/2. For the better class or very highly-glazed papers … a subsequent glazing process is required; this is effected by sheet or plate-glazing and by *super-calendering or web-glazing…. The *super-calender is used to imitate the plate-glazed surface.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., III. xvii. 150. In those *superconceptions where one childe was like the father, the other like the adulterer.

1855.  Dunglison, Med. Lex., s.v. Superfœtation, Twin cases may be of this kind of superconception.

1627.  Donne, Serm. Lady Danvers, 159. When there was a *Super-dying, a death vpon the death,… a Spirituall death after the bodily.

a. 1734.  North, Lives (1826), I. 360. How can you *super-elect and set up anti-sheriffs to oust them before their title is tried?

1627.  Donne, Serm. 25 Dec. (1640), 44. That God would *super-endow him with parts, and faculties, fit for that service.

1861.  Maine, Anc. Law, iv. (1870), 107. To mount up, through narrowing circles of *super-feudation, till we approximate to the apex of the system.

1664.  Evelyn, Sylva (1679), 4. *Super-graffing, or the repetition of Graffing, for the inlargement, and melioration of Fruit.

1629.  Donne, Serm., Acts xxiii. 6, 7 (1640), 496. At thy death thou shalt be *super-illustrated, with a Meridionall light. Ibid. (a. 1631), 2nd Serm., Gen. i. 26 (1634), 23. Those *super-illustrations, which the blessed shall have in Glorie.

1781.  Gibbon, Decl. & F., xxxvi. (1787), III. 455. The provincials, oppressed by the accumulated weight of indictions and *superindictions.

a. 1626.  Bacon, Consid. Warre w. Spaine (1629), 5. The Rauishing whereof was a meere Excursion of the first Wrong, and a *Super-Iniustice.

1642.  Fuller, Holy & Prof. St., IV. xi. 285. Such a *superinstallation seems an unlawfull bigamy, marrying two husbands at the same time to the same Church.

1590.  Greenwood, Answ. to Giffard, 32. Christ pronounceth them accursed that add or *superordeyne any thing to his worde.

1709.  Mrs. Manley, Secret Mem. (1720), I. 114. The *super-Ornaments of the Mind … were not necessary.

1657.  in Burton’s Diary (1828), I. 407. The frequent *super-sanction of Magna Charta.

1626.  Bacon, Sylva, § 182. In the Straining of a String, the further it is strained, the lesse *Superstraining goeth to a Note.

1792.  D. Lloyd, Voy. Life, III. 51. If you in works of merit prove too light, They’ll add their *super stuff into the scale.

1906.  Westm. Gaz., 5 July, 2/2. The powers that would … be necessary to obtain a full disclosure of income … under a system of *super-tax.

1908.  Daily Chron., 23 Nov., 1/6. A graduated super tax on incomes over £5,000 a year. Ibid. (1905), 23 June, 5/7. Only those *super-values would be taxed which are due to the growth of a town [etc.].

  † 14.  Math. In adjs. denoting ratios expressible by unity (or some other integer) with some number of aliquot parts over; as in late L. superdīmidius (sc. numerus number) ‘that is a half more,’ i.e., 1¹/₂, denoting a ratio of 3:2, supertertius ‘that is a third over,’ i.e., 1¹/₃ = 4:3, supersesquialter ‘that is 1¹/₂ over,’ i.e., 2¹/₂ 5:2; also, with less precise indication of the denominator of the fraction, after superpartiens SUPERPARTIENT (cf. superparticulāris SUPERPARTICULAR), superbipartiens ‘that is two parts over,’ i.e., 1²/₃ = 5:3, superquadripartiens, ‘that is four parts over,’ i.e., 1⁴/₇ = 9:5. Obs.

[1570.  Billingsley, Euclid, V. 127 b. If the antecedent containe aboue the consequent two partes, it is called Superbipartiens, as 7. to 5. If 3 partes Supertripartiens as 7. to 4.]

1678.  Phillips (ed. 4), Superbipartient number. Ibid., Supertripartient number.

a. 1696.  Scarburgh, Euclid (1705), 180. As 8 to 3 is … 2²/₃…: therefore this proportion is named Duple superbitertial.

1709–29.  V. Mandey, Syst. Math., Arith., 36. Proportion Superpartient, is the Habitude of a greater Number to a lesser, when the greater contains the lesser once, and moreover some Aliquot parts…. The Denominators of it are, 1²/₃, Superbipartient. 1³/₄, Supertripartient. 1⁴/₅, Superquadrupartient,… etc. ad Infinitum.

1737.  E. Manwaring, Stichology, 16. Supertertian Ratio is, when the Arsis and Thesis is as 4 to 3 or 3 to 4.

  15.  Upon something of the same kind, in a secondary relation; secondary, secondarily: e.g., supercommentary (= a commentary on a commentary), -commentator, † -consequency (= a consequence of a consequence), -heresy, parasite, -parasitic (= HYPERPARASITE, -ITIC), -reflection, -reformation; super-crown vb.

1876.  Schiller-Szinessy, Catal. Hebr. MSS., 137. This *supercommentary has been printed twice. Ibid., 139. Our author as well as other *supercommentators … commented on the short commentary.

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., I. iii. 9. Not attaining the deuteroscopy, or second intention of the words, they are faine to omit their *superconsequencies, coherencies, figures, or tropologies.

1633.  T. Adams, Exp. 2 Peter iii. 18. 1564. Crowned with his [sc. Job’s] patience, which is *supercrowned with everlasting blessednesse.

1846.  Proc. Philol. Soc., III. 14. This principle of *super-formation.

1643.  Sir T. Browne, Relig. Med., I. § 8. Even in Doctrines hereticall there will be *super-heresies.

1891.  Century Dict., *Superparasite.

1877.  Encycl. Brit., VI. 647/2. Another parasite … had become parasitic upon the parasite. The most curious part of this *super-parasitic history is [etc.].

1626.  Bacon, Sylva, § 241. There be three Kindes of Reflexions of Sounds; A Reflexion Concurrent; A Reflexion Iterant, which we call Eccho; And a *Super-reflexion, or an Eccho of an Eccho.

1622.  Donne, Serm. Easter-Monday (1660), III. 372. We shall not need any such re-Reformation, or *super-Reformation.

1670.  Walton, Lives, III. 185. Men of the slightest Learning, and the most ignorant of the Common People were mad for a new, or, Super, or Re-reformation of Religion.

  V.  † 16. Representing Gr. ὐπερ, ἐπι, in nonce-renderings of words in the N.T.: superexpostulate = Gr. ὐπερεντυγχάνειν to intercede on behalf of; superintroduction = Gr. ἐπεισαγωγή a bringing in besides. Obs. See also SUPERSUBSTANTIAL 1.

1647.  Trapp, Comm. Rom. viii. 26. The Spirit … doth superexpostulate for us. Ibid., Heb. vii. 19. The Law is a superintroduction to Christ our hope.