Sun sb.

Forms: 1–7 sunne, (1 sunna), 3–7 sonne, 4–5 (6 Sc.) sune, 4–7 sone (chiefly Sc.), sunn, 5–6 son, (3 seonne, 4 sonn, Kentish zonne, Sc. sowne, swn, 5 soen, swne, Sc. soune, 6 Sc. soun), 4– sun. β. Sc. 4 sene, 6 syn, 7–8 sin, 8 sinn. [Com. Teut. wk. fem.: OE. sunne = OFris. sunne, sonne (WFris. sinne, dial. sonne, son, NFris. sen), OS. sunna (MLG., LG. sunne), MDu. zonne (Du. zon), OHG. sunnô (MHG. sunne, sun, MG. sonne, son, G. sonne), ON. sunna (poet.), Goth. sunnô; also wk. masc. OE. sunna, = OFris. sonna, OS. sunno, OHG. sunna, Goth. sunna:—OTeut. *sunnōn-, -on-, f. sun-, s(u)wen-, whence also Zend (gen.) χυeng sun, Gr. ἦν-οψ glittering, OIr. fur-sunnud lighting-up.

  From the same root sau- (sŭ-) with l- instead of n-formative, sāw(e)l-, s(u)wel- (sūl-), are Skr. súar (svàr), sūra, sūrya sun, Zend hvars (gen. hūrō), Gr. ᾔλιος, ἠέλιος, Doric ᾱέλιος, Cretan ᾱβέλιος, Alb. ūλ star, L. sōl sun, W. haul, Ir. súil eye, Lith. sáulè, Goth. sauil, ON. sól.]

  I.  1. The brightest (as seen from the earth) of the heavenly bodies, the luminary or orb of day; the central body of the solar system, around which the earth and other planets revolve, being kept in their orbits by its attraction and supplied with light and heat by its radiation; in the Ptolemaic system reckoned as a planet, in modern astronomy as one of the stars.

  The ordinary language as to the sun’s course, its rising and setting, etc., is based upon the old view of the sun as a body moving through the zodiac, rising above, passing across the heavens, and sinking below the horizon, etc.

Beowulf, 606. Sunne sweʓlwered suþan scineð.

c. 888.  Ælfred, Boeth., ix. Ðonne seo sunne on hadrum heofone beorhtost scineð, þonne aðeostriaþ ealle steorran.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 51. Þære sunnan hæto.

a. 1000.  Riddles, lxvii. 3 (Gr.). Leohtre þonne mona, swiftre þonne sunne.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gen. xxxii. 31. And sona eode sunna upp.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 7273. Æst, tær þe sunne riseþþ. Ibid., 9400. Þe sunness brihhte leome.

c. 1205.  Lay., 27805. Ær þe sunne eode to grunde.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 291. In þe sune þat schines clere Es a thing and thre thinges sere; A bodi rond, and hete and light. Ibid., 388. Þe ferth [day] … Bath ware made sun and mon.

1340.  Ayenb., 27. Þe briȝtnesse of þe zonne.

1390.  Gower, Conf., III. 313. The Sonne arist, the weder cliereth.

c. 1420.  in Rel. Ant., I. 232. C. Wherefore is the son rede at even? M. For he gothe toward hell.

1526.  Tindale, Eph. iv. 26. Lett nott the sonne goo doune apon youre wrathe.

a. 1569.  Kingesmyll, Confl. Satan (1578), 14. Gods words remaine beyond the days of the Sunne.

1570.  Satir. Poems Reform., xv. 7. Ȝe Mariguildis, forbid the sune To oppin ȝow euerie morrow!

1634.  Milton, Comus, 374. Though Sun and Moon Were in the flat Sea sunk.

1785.  Burns, 3rd Ep. to J. Lapraik, ix. Now the sinn keeks in the west.

1844.  H. Stephens, Bk. Farm, I. 292. When the sun rises red, wind and rain may be expected during the day.

1873.  Dawson, Earth & Man, i. 9. The sun is … an incandescent globe surrounded by an immense luminous envelope of vapours.

  b.  In conformity with the gender of OE. sunne, the feminine pronoun was used until the 16th c. in referring to the sun; since then the masculine has been commonly used, without necessarily implying personification; the neuter is somewhat less frequent.

a. 900.  O. E. Martyrol., 21 March. On domes dæʓe … þonne scineð seo sunne seofon siðum beorhtor þonne heo nu do.

c. 1275.  Passion our Lord, 479, in O. E. Misc. Þe sonne bileuede hire lyht.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. XVIII. 243. How þe sonne gan louke her liȝte in her-self, Whan she seye hym suffre þat sonne & se made.

1535.  Coverdale, Isa. xxxviii. 8. So the Sonne turned ten degrees bacward, the which he was descended afore.

1552.  Bp. Latimer, Serm. St. Stephen’s Day, Serm. (1584), 276. Not that the sunne it selfe of her [ed. 1607 his] substance shalbe darckened.

1590.  Shaks., Com. Err., II. ii. 30. When the sunne shines, let foolish gnats make sport, But creepe in crannies, when he hides his beames.

1662.  Stillingfl., Orig. Sacræ, III. i. § 17. How much bigger the Sun may bee then hee seems.

1667.  Milton, P. L., VII. 247. For yet the Sun Was not; shee in a cloudie Tabernacle Sojourn’d the while.

1727–46.  Thomson, Summer, 432. ’Tis raging noon; and, vertical, the Sun Darts on the head direct his forceful rays.

1798.  Coleridge, Anc. Mar., I. vii. The Sun came up upon the left, Out of the sea came he!

1845.  De Quincey, Dau. Lebanon, Wks. 1856, V. 280. Up rose the sun on the thirtieth morning in all his pomp.

  c.  As an object of worship in various religions, and thus (and hence generally) personified as a male being, sometimes identified with various gods, esp. Apollo (cf. SUN-GOD); also in classical mythology said to be drawn in a chariot.

c. 1205.  Lay., 13934. Saturnus heo ȝiuen sætterdæi, þene Sunne heo ȝiuen sonedæi.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, vi. (Thomas), 605. Gere hym mak som offeringe til oure gret god, þe sene.

c. 1560.  A. Scott, Poems (S.T.S.), ii. 81. Thir vowis maid to syn and mone.

1599.  Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 45. The sunne was so in his mumps vppon it, that it was almost noone before hee could goe to cart that day.

1610.  Heywood, Gold. Age, I. i. I plac’d diuine Apollo Within the Sunnes bright Chariot.

1632.  E. Blount, Lyly’s Sixe Crt. Com., Ep. Ded. This Poet, sat at the Sunnes Table: Apollo gaue him a wreath of his owne Bayes.

1634.  Milton, Comus, 51. Who knows not Circe The daughter of the Sun?

1674.  S. Vincent, Young Gall. Acad., 26. Till the Suns Car-horses stand prancing on the very top of highest Noon.

1727.  Gay, Fables, I. xxviii. Parent of light, all-seeing Sun.

1781.  Cowper, Conversat., 67. A Persian, humble servant of the sun.

1868.  Tennyson, Lucretius, 124. Another of our Gods, the Sun, Apollo, Delius, or of older use All-seeing Hyperion.

1887.  A. Lang, Myth, Ritual, & Relig. (1899), I. 125. In Samoa the sun had a child by a Samoan woman.

  d.  As a type of brightness or clearness.

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., Matt. xvii. 2. Resplenduit facies eius sicut sol, eft-ʓescean onsione his suæ sunna.

a. 1225.  Leg. Kath., 1681. Seouen siðes brihtre þen beo þe sunne.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 17866. Briȝter þenne þe sonnes beme. Ibid., 24648. Bird o blis, na sun sa bright.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xxv. (Julian), 446. Fere mare clere þane is þe sowne in mydȝere.

1412.  26 Pol. Poems, 49. Now are þey fayre angels pere, As shynyng sune in goddis syȝt.

1582.  Allen, Martyrdom Campion (1908), 19. As every of the rest … did … prove and declare as cleare as the sunne.

1644.  Jessop, Angel of Ephesus, 32. It is as cleare as the Sunne,… that a Bishop and a Presbyter are … the same.

1859.  Tennyson, Marr. Geraint, 231. I … Will clothe her for her bridals like the sun.

  e.  Phrases and proverbial expressions. (a) Under (or beneath) the sun, † under sun: on earth, in the world. (b) (As …) as the sun shines on: = as lives or exists; used in commendatory phrases. (c) To get the sun of: (in fighting) to get on the sunward side of (on enemy) so that the sun shines into his eyes. (d) On which the sun never sets: an expression applied in the 17th c. to the Spanish dominions, now to the British Empire. (e) To make the sun shine through: to make a hole in, ‘let daylight into’; so to let the sun shine through (one), to get wounded. (f) With the sun: in the direction of the sun’s apparent diurnal movement in the northern hemisphere, i.e., from left to right; similarly against the sun (= WITHERSHINS). Chiefly Naut. (g) To take the sun: to make an observation of the meridian altitude of the sun; also to shoot the sun (see SHOOT v. 32 c). (h) Proverbial or allusive phrases.

  To hold (etc.) a candle to the sun: see CANDLE sb. 5 h. Crown of the sun: see CROWN sb. 8. To make hay while the sun shines: see HAY sb.¹ 3. Raisins of the sun: see RAISIN 2 c.

  (a)  a. 1000.  Andreas, 1013 (Gr.). Gode þancade, þæs ðe hie onsunde æfre moston ʓeseon under sunnan.

c. 1205.  Lay., 108. Þar Rome nou on stondeð, fele ȝer under sunnan nas ȝet Rome bi-wonnen.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 912. Þar beoþ men þat litel kunne of songe þat is vnder sunne.

1303.  R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 57. To alle crystyn men vndir sunne.

1382.  Wyclif, Eccl. i. 10. No thing vnder the sunne newe.

a. 1400–50.  Wars Alex., 4300. Na supowell vndire son seke we vs neuire.

1508.  Dunbar, Poems, vii. 43. Moste aunterus and able, Wndir the soun that beris helme or scheild.

1618[?].  Fletcher, Hum. Lieut., I. i. There fights no braver souldier under Sun, Gentlemen.

1638.  Junius, Paint. Ancients, 123. Their worke remaineth in the finest place under the Sunne.

1711.  Steele, Spect., No. 6, ¶ 1. I know no Evil under the Sun so great.

1850.  Tennyson, In Mem., lxxv. While we breathe beneath the sun.

a. 1862.  Thoreau, Yankee in Canada, ii. (1866), 22. What under the sun they were placed there for … was not apparent.

  (b)  [c. 1205.  Lay., 31087. Nis nan feirure wifmon þa whit sunne scineð on.]

a. 1692.  Shadwell, Volunteers, I. ii. He is as fine a Gentleman as the Sun shines upon.

  (c)  1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., IV. iii. 369. Be first aduis’d, In conflict that you get the Sunne of them.

  (d)  1630.  Capt. Smith, Advert., Wks. (Arb.), II. 962. Why should the brave Spanish Souldiers brag; The Sunne never sets in the Spanish dominions, but ever shineth on one part or other we have conquered for our King.

1640.  Howell, Dodona’s Gr., 15. Her dominions are very spacious, that the Sun never forsakes her quite. Ibid. (c. 1645), Lett. (1650), I. 358. The catholic King … wears the sun for his helmet, because it never sets upon all his dominions, in regard some part of them lies on the other side of the hemisphere among the Antipodes.

1648.  Gage, New Surrey W. Indies, Ep. Ded. Our Neighbors the Hollanders … have conquered so much Land in the East and West-Indies, that it may be said of them, as of the Spaniards, That the Sunn never sets upon their Dominions.

  1827.  Scott, Napoleon, VI. v. 141. [Napoleon loq.] The stake I play for is immense—I will continue in my own dynasty he family system of the Bourbons, and unite Spain for ever the destinies of France. Remember that the sun never sets on the immense Empire of Charles V.

1846.  Thackeray, in Punch, X. 101/2. Snobs are … recognised throughout an Empire on which I am given to understand the Sun never sets.

1857.  Hughes, Tom Brown, I. i. The great army of Browns, who are scattered over the whole empire on which the sun never sets.

  (e)  1697.  Collier, Ess. Mor. Subj., I. (1703), 145. If he draws upon me in the streets, I will not … let the sun shine through me, if I can help it.

1744.  M. Bishop, Life & Adv., 185. We made the Sun shine through some of the Walls.

  (f)  1769.  Falconer, Dict. Marine (1780), II. Rouer à tour, to coil a rope with the sun. Ibid., Rouer à contre, to coil a rope against the sun.

c. 1860.  H. Stuart, Seaman’s Catech., 55. The starboard cable should be bitted with the sun, and the port cable against the sun.

1875.  Bedford, Sailor’s Pocket Bk., iv. (ed. 2), 90. When the wind shifts against the sun, Trust it not, for back it will run.

  (g)  1555.  Towrson, in Hakluyt, Voy. (1589), 100. They tooke y^e sunne & after iudged themselues to be 24 leagues past the riuer de Sestos.

1869.  ‘Mark Twain,’ Innoc. Abr., ii. (1887), 20. I … found a sextant…. Now, I said, they ‘take the sun’ through this thing.

1895.  Mem. J. Anderson, ii. 21. They watched the Captain daily ‘take the sun.’

  (h)  1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. XVIII. 409. After sharpe shoures … moste shene is þe sonne.

1535.  Coverdale, Matt. v. 45. He maketh his sonne to aryse on the euel and on the good.

1598.  Marston, Sco. Villanie, I. iii. 179. It’s good be warie, whilst the sunne shines cleer.

1598.  Shaks., Merry W., I. iii. 70. Then did the Sun on dung-hill shine.

  † f.  Line, mount of the sun (Palmistry): see quot. 1653. Sun and moon, a kind of tug-of-war (see quot. 1615). Obs.

1615.  T. Thomas, Dict., Dielcystinda, a kinde of plaie, wherein two companies of boyes holding hands all in a rowe, do pull with hard hold one another till one be ouercome: it is called Sunne and Moone.

1653.  R. Sanders, Physiogn., 53. The line of the Sun takes its beginning out of the line of Fortune, and ascends, dividing the mount of the Sun, straight to the ring-finger.

  2.  With qualifying word, or in pl., with reference to its position in the sky (or occas. the zodiac), or its aspect or visibility at a particular time or times; † hence sometimes = direction or aspect with respect to the incident rays of the sun; so (poet.) rising sun = east, setting sun = west. Also in fig. context.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Prol., 7. Whan … the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne.

1588.  Shaks., L. L. L., IV. iii. 91. Dum. As faire as day. Ber. I as some daies, but then no sunne must shine.

1601.  Holland, Pliny, I. 84. Some have set them just in the mids betweene both Sunnes, to wit the setting of it with the Antipodes, and the rising of it with us.

1617.  Moryson, Itin., III. 110. So that the ground lye vpon the South Sunne, and fenced from cold windes.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., III. 436. Nor to the North, nor to the Rising Sun, Nor Southward … But … to the West.

1709.  Pope, Autumn, 100. And the low sun had lengthen’d ev’ry shade.

1721.  Mortimer, Husb., II. 221. They must be … not too much exposed to the Noon-sun; the Morning-sun being esteemed the best for them.

1726.  Leoni, Alberti’s Archit., I. 16/1. We shou’d also observe what Suns our House stands to.

1788.  Cowper, Stanzas Bill Mort., 16. Told that his setting sun would rise no more.

1818.  Byron, Mazeppa, xvii. With just enough of life to see My last of suns go down on me.

1847.  Tennyson, Princ., IV. 552. The midsummer, midnight, Norway sun.

1860.  Pusey, Min. Proph., 367. The fiery empire of Assyrian conquerors sank like a tropic sun.

1865.  Kingsley, Herew., iii. A glen which sloped towards the southern sun.

  b.  With reference to the heat produced by the sun; hence (poet.) = climate, clime.

c. 1400.  Destr. Troy, 339. With voiders vnder vines for violent sonnes.

1706.  E. Ward, Wooden World Diss. (1708), 99. A Mediterranean-Sun makes him as dry and huskish in one Summer, as a toasted Bisket.

1757.  W. Thompson, R. N. Advoc., 8. In strong Winds and Suns the Casks shrink.

1847.  C. Brontë, Jane Eyre, xxxiv. I would … toil under Eastern suns, in Asian deserts.

1851.  Tennyson, Ode Wellington, 101. Underneath another sun.

  † c.  In adverbial expressions referring to the time of the rising and setting of the sun, e.g., at the sun uprising, (a)rising, setting, going down, toganging. Obs. See also SUNRISE (-RIST), SUNRISING, SUNSET, SUNSETTING.

  The ME. sonne, sunne is orig. genitive sing.

c. 1300.  K. Horn, 847 (Laud). At þe sonne op rysyng [MS. Harl. vpspringe].

1382.  Wyclif, Josh. xii. 1. At the sonne arisynge [Vulg. ad solis ortum].

1530.  Palsgr., 805/2. At the sonne goyng downe, sur le soleil couchant.

1540–1.  Elyot, Image Gov., 67. That no vitailyng house … should … receiue any person, either before the soonne risen, or after the sonne set.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot., II. 286. About the sone togangeng.

  3.  fig. In allusion to the splendor of the sun or to its being a source of light and heat.

  a.  Applied to God and to persons. Sun of righteousness, a title of Jesus Christ (after Malachi iv. 2).

a. 1000.  Phœnix, 587 (Gr.). Þær seo soþfæste sunne lihteð wlitiʓ ofer weoredum in wuldres byriʓ.

c. 1200.  Ormin, 16779. He nass nohht … full Off all þe rihhte trowwþe, Noff Godess laress brihhte lem, Noff rihhtwisnessess sunne.

1382.  Wyclif, Mal. iv. 2. And to ȝou dredynge my name the sunne of riȝtwisnesse shal springe.

1387–8.  T. Usk, Test. Love, II. ii. (Skeat), l. 15. The clips of me, that shulde be his shynande sonne.

1450–1530.  Myrr. Our Ladye, III. 306. Heyle vyrgyn mother of god, thow arte the sonne of the day aboue and the mone of the nighte of the worlde.

1521.  Fisher, Serm. agst. Luther, Wks. (1876), 312. The lyght of fayth (that shyneth from the spyrytuall sonne almyghty god).

1593.  M. Roydon, Elegie, 132, in Spenser’s Astrophel. Tis likely they acquainted soone, He was a Sun, and she a Moone.

1611.  Bible, Ps. lxxxiv. 11. The Lord God is a sunne and shield [Coverd. a light and defence].

c. 1611.  Chapman, Homer’s Iliads, Anagram, Henrye Prince of Wales ovr Svnn, Heyr, Peace, Life.

1704.  Norris, Ideal World, II. xii. 473. That eternal Word,… the great intelligible Sun of the whole Rational World.

1827.  Keble, Chr. Y., Evening Hymn. Sun of my soul, thou Saviour dear, It is not night if thou be near.

1864.  Tennyson, En. Ard., 500. He is singing Hosanna in the highest: yonder shines The Sun of Righteousness.

1888.  ‘J. S. Winter,’ Bootle’s Childr., xi. Any one of the Lizas and Pollies and Susies, the suns who had … lighted his heart’s firmament.

  b.  Applied to things or conditions; esp. in expressions referring to prosperity or gladness.

1579.  Spenser, Sheph. Cal., Nov., 67. The sonne of all the world is dimme and darke.

1596.  Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot., II. 306. Sa bricht a sone began to shine, that al Jnglismen was dung out of hail Scotland.

c. 1600.  Shaks., Sonn., xlix. 6. When thou shalt strangely passe, And scarcely greete me with that sunne thine eye. Ibid. (1601), Jul. C., V. iii. 63. The Sunne of Rome is set.

1612.  Bacon, Ess., Deformity (Arb.), 250. The starres of naturall inclination, are sometimes obscured by the sunne of discipline and vertue.

1792.  S. Rogers, Pleas. Mem., II. 21. When joy’s bright sun has shed his evening ray.

1818.  Scott, Br. Lamm., xxi. When the sun of my prosperity began to arise.

1878.  Stubbs, Const. Hist., III. xxi. 613. The sun of the Plantagenets went down in clouds and thick darkness.

  4.  The direct rays of the sun; sunlight; sunshine: orig. and chiefly in advb. phr. in the sun (OE. on sunnan), † with, against, fornent the sun (OE. wið sunnan), † under the sun.

a. 900.  O. E. Martyrol., 7 March, 36. He sæt ute on sunnan.

c. 1000.  Sax. Leechd., III. 2. Ʒelicge upweard wið hatre sunnan.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 4075. Ben ðese hangen ðe sunne agen.

c. 1290.  S. Eng. Leg., 193. Þe sonne schon In at one hole.

c. 1375.  Sc. Leg. Saints, xviii. (Egipciane), 223. Brynt with þe sone, blak scho vas.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 323. Quod he, ‘Thanne hove out of mi Sonne, And let it schyne into mi Tonne.’

c. 1400.  Maundev. (Roxb.), iii. 10. On þe schire Thursday make þai þat breed … and dries it at þe soune.

1542.  Boorde, Dyetary, viii. (1870), 249. In sommer, kepe your necke and face from the sonne.

1573.  Tusser, Husb. (1878), 117. Wash sheepe … where water doth run, and let him go cleanly and drie in the sun.

1592.  Shaks., Ven. & Ad., 800. Lusts effect is tempest after sunne.

1607.  Topsell, Four-f. Beasts, 624. Some do sheare them within doores, and some in the open sunne abroad.

1659.  Caldwell Papers (Maitland Club), I. 92. Sett it under the sone in the Caniculare dayes.

1671.  Milton, Samson, 3. Yonder bank hath choice of Sun or shade.

16[?].  Bessy Bell & Mary Gray, in Child, Ballads (1890), IV. 77. To biek forenent the sin.

1775.  Earl Carlisle, in Jesse, Selwyn & Contemp. (1844), III. 113. Clear frosty days, with a great deal of sun.

1812.  New Bot. Gard., I. 78. Exposed to the full sun in some dry airy situation.

1853.  M. Arnold, Scholar Gypsy, ii. Where the reaper … in the sun all morning binds the sheaves.

1854.  Poultry Chron., II. 88. Putting trellis-work to admit the sun and air.

1860.  Hogg, Fruit Man., 145. Skin yellow, deep purplish next the sun.

1893.  Selous, Trav. S. E. Africa, 98. There was still an hour’s sun when we got here.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Dis., Introd. p. xi. Extreme cold may cause frost-bite; exposure to the sun, sun erythema.

  b.  fig., chiefly in phr. in the sun, † (a) free from care or sorrow; (b) exposed to public view.

  Out of God’s blessing into the warm sun: see GOD sb. 5 c.

1600.  Shaks., A. Y. L., II. v. 41. Who doth ambition shunne, and loues to liue i’ th Sunne. Ibid. (1602), Ham., I. ii. 67. King. How is it that the Clouds still hang on you? Ham. Not so my Lord, I am too much i’ th’ Sun.

1657.  Owen, Schism, i. § 13. It is ludicrously said of Physitians, the Effects of their skill lye in the Sunne, but their mistakes are covered in the Church-yard.

a. 1764.  Lloyd, Poet, Poet. Wks. (1774), II. 31. Which seeks the sun of approbation.

1859.  Tennyson, Marr. Geraint, 714. Since our fortune swerved from sun to shade.

  (c)  to have been in the sun (slang), to be intoxicated; also to have the sun in one’s eyes.

  The origin of this phr. is not ascertained, but cf.:—

1619.  R. Harris, Drunkard’s Cup, 21. They bee buckt [i.e., soaked] with drinke, and then laid out to bee Sunn’d and scornd.

1770.  Gentl. Mag., XL. 559. To express the Condition of an Honest Fellow, and no Flincher, under the Effects of good Fellowship, it is said that he [has] … Been in the Sun.

1840.  Dickens, Old C. Shop, ii. Last night he had had ‘the sun very strong in his eyes.’

  (d)  One’s place in the sun: an individual share in those things to which all have a right; hence, a position giving scope for the development of personal or national life.

  The phrase is traceable to Pascal, Pensées, § 73 (of autograph MS.) ‘Ce chien est cc moi, disaient ces pauvres enfants; c’est l ma place au soleil; voil le commencement et l’image de l’usurpation de la terre.’ This is rendered as follows in the earliest Engl. transl.:—

1727.  B. Kennet, Pascal’s Thoughts (ed. 2), 291. This Dog’s mine, says the poor Child: this is my Place, in the Sun. From so petty a Beginning, may we trace the Tyranny and Usurpation of the whole Earth.

1911.  Times, 28 Aug., 6/3. (Wilhelm II.’s Sp. at Hamburg, 27 Aug.) So that we may be sure that no one can dispute with us the place in the sun that is our due [den uns zustehenden Platz an der Sonne].

  5.  With qualification or in phr. a. Sunrise or sunset as determining the period of a day. † From sun to sun: from sunrise to sunset; so † between sun and sun. Obs. or arch.

a. 1400–50.  Wars Alex., 2303. Þe secund day before þe son he at þe cite wildid.

14[?].  in Rel. Ant., I. 319. And so the xix. day ys xiiij. owres long and half, fro son to son.

c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, IV. 281. Eftir the sone Wallas walkit about Vpon Tetht side.

1611.  Shaks., Cymb., III. ii. 70. One score ’twixt Sun, and Sun, Madam’s enough for you.

1631.  Byfield, Doctr. Sabb., 141. Take here day for the day-light betweene sunne and sunne.

1636.  R. Skinner in Spurgeon, Treas. Dav., Ps. xxvii. 11. If a man, travelling in the King’s highway, be robbed between sun and sun.

1839.  Pusey, in Liddon, Life (1893), II. xxii. 100. By to-morrow’s sun she will be, by God’s mercy…, where there is no need of the sun.

  b.  A (particular) day, as being determined by the rising of the sun. poet. or rhet.

1606.  Shaks., Tr. & Cr., II. i. 134. By the fift houre of the Sunne.

1611.  Beaum. & Fl., Philaster, III. ii. Your vows are frosts, Fast for a night, and with the next sun gone.

1827.  Scott, Highl. Widow, iv. He might count the days which could bring Hamish back to Breadalbane, and number those of his life within three suns more.

1844.  Mrs. Browning, Drama of Exile, 1282. But one sun’s length off from my happiness.

1855.  Browning, Statue & Bust, 150. She turned from the picture at night to scheme Of tearing it out for herself next sun.

  c.  The time of the sun’s apparent revolution in the zodiac, a year. poet.

1742.  Young, Nt. Th., V. 772. Virtue, not rolling suns, the mind matures.

1842.  Tennyson, Locksley Hall, 138. The thoughts of men are widen’d with the process of the suns.

  6.  gen. A luminary; esp. a star as the center of a system of worlds.

1390.  Gower, Conf., I. 275. A liht, as thogh it were a Sunne.

1623.  Drumm. of Hawth., Flowers of Sion, Hymn Fairest Fair, 229. The Moone moues lowest, siluer Sunne of Night.

1667.  Milton, P. L., VIII. 148. Other Suns perhaps With thir attendant Moons thou wilt descrie.

1847.  Tennyson, Princ., IV. 195. Till the Bear had wheel’d Thro’ a great arc his seven slow suns.

1884.  Agnes Giberne in Sunday Mag., Nov., 713/2. Stars of all colours, too—white suns and red suns, blue suns and purple suns, green suns and golden suns.

  7.  An appearance in the sky like the sun; a mock-sun, parhelion.

1377.  Langl., P. Pl., B. III. 324. By syx sonnes and a schippe and half a shef of arwes.

1556.  Chron. Grey Friars (Camden), 69. Abowte Ester was sene … three sonnes shenynge at one tyme in the eyer, that thei cowde not dysserne wych shulde be the very sonne.

1643.  Baker, Chron. (1653), 131. In the seventeenth year of his reign, were seen five Suns at one time together.

1665–6, etc.  [see mock-sun, MOCK a. 2].

  8.  A figure or image of, or an ornament or vessel made to resemble, the sun (e.g., a monstrance with rays); Her. a representation of the sun, surrounded with rays and usually charged with the features of a human face; also freq. as the sign of an inn; hence, the name of an inn or of a room in an inn.

c. 1450.  Brut, 463. All clothed in white,… with sonnys of golde on theire garmentes.

1593.  Shaks., 3 Hen. VI., II. i. 40. Henceforward will I beare Vpon my Targuet three faire shining Sunnes.

1613.  Chapman, Maske Inns Court, A 2. Betwixt euery set of feathers … shin’d Sunnes of golde plate, sprinkled with pearle.

1625.  B. Jonson, Staple of N., IV. iv. 15. He beares In a field Azure, a Sunne proper, beamy.

1636.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Trav. Signes Zodiak, D 7. The Sun at Saint Mary Hill.

1768.  Ann. Reg., I. 63/2. A magnificent sun of gold, ornamented with diamonds … was placed in the chapel of the palace.

1837.  Dickens, Pickw., li. ‘Lights in the Sun, John; make up the fire.’

1837.  Carlyle, Fr. Rev., III. V. iv. Ciboriums, suns, candelabras.

1845.  Encycl. Metrop., XIV. 243/1. A superb vessel of gold, called the Sun of the Holy Sacrament.

1859.  Tennyson, Merlin & V., 474. The Sun In dexter chief.

  b.  A kind of circular firework: see quot. 1875.

1852.  Burn, Naval & Milit. Dict., I. (1863), Gloire, fixed sun in fireworks of very large dimension.

1875.  Knight, Dict. Mech., 874. Fixed Sun (Pyrotechnics), a device composed of a certain number of jets of fire distributed circularly like the spokes of a wheel. All the fuses take fire at once…. Glories are large suns with several rows of fusees. Ibid., 1933. Revolving-sun, a pyrotechnic device, consisting of a wheel upon whose periphery rockets of different styles are fixed,… one is lighted in succession after another.

  † 9.  a. Her. In blazoning by the names of heavenly bodies, the name for the tincture Or. b. Alch. Gold. Obs.

1572.  Bossewell, Armorie, II. 108. The Garbe is of the Sonne royally supported with two Lyons.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., II. i. The great med’cine! Of which one part proiected on a hundred Of Mercurie, or Venus, or the Moone, Shall turne it to as many of the Sunne.

1651.  French, Distill., vi. 197. It will resolve the bodies of the Sunne, and Moone.

  10.  = SUN-FISH 1 b.

1807.  P. Gass, Jrnl., 29. The fish here are generally pike, cat, sun, perch, and other common fish.

1896.  P. A. Bruce, Econ. Hist. Virginia, I. 113. There were in the waters of Virginia when first explored, grampus,… perch, tailor, sun.

  II.  Attributive uses and combinations.

  11.  Simple attrib. a. = Of, belonging, or relating to the sun, sunlight or sunshine, as sun-blaze, -fire, flame, -glare, -glimpse, -glint, -tide, -warmth; with reference to the worship of the sun, etc. (see 1 c), as sun-chariot, -child, -deity (= SUN-GOD), -horse, -maiden, -sign, -spirit, -temple.

1837.  Carlyle, Fr. Rev., III. V. iii. Lyons, which we saw in dread *sunblaze, that Autumn night. Ibid., II. IV. v. Dawn on us, thou *Sun-Chariot of a new Berline.

1839.  T. Mitchell, Frogs of Aristoph., Introd. 16. That Colchis, from which came the *sun-children.

1872.  Calverley, Lovers & Refl., in Fly Leaves (1903), 107. And O the *sundazzle on bark and bight!

1899.  F. Victor Dickins, in Eng. Hist. Rev., April, 219. The great Sky-shining female deity who mounts to heaven by a ladder and becomes the *Sun-deity.

1867.  Pearson, Hist. Eng., I. 20. The Sulevæ appear, from their name, to have been *sun-elves.

1820.  Shelley, Ode to Liberty, v. Each head Within its cloudy wings with *sun-fire garlanded.

1892.  J. Tait, Mind in Matter (ed. 3), 324. Like other fires, the sun-fires need to be stirred.

1857.  Thornbury, Songs Caval., 255. To quench the *sun-flame in the west.

1880.  Le Conte, Sight, 27. In the shade of a very thick tree-top the *sun-flecks are circular like the sun.

1883.  American, VII. 169/2. The sun-glare of such worldly joys and successes.

1890.  ‘R. Boldrewood,’ Col. Reformer (1891), 356. This … country, all sand and sun-glare.

1813.  Scott, Rokeby, IV. xvii. Like a *sun-glimpse through a shower.

1883.  Stevenson, Silverado Sq., 200. The deep shaft, with the *sun-glints and the water-drops.

1898.  J. F. Hewitt, in Westm. Rev., May, 513. Preceding the worship of the *sun-horse.

1611.  Bible, 2 Chron. xiv. 5. He tooke away out of all the cities of Iudah, the high places and the images [marg. Heb. and R.V. *sun-images].

1898.  J. F. Hewitt, in Westm. Rev., May, 513. The car in which the Ashvins drew the *sun-maiden to be married to the moon-god.

1893.  S. O. Addy, Hall of Waltheof, 93. The sign of the cross was itself a *sun-sign amongst the heathen Northmen.

1877.  J. E. Carpenter, trans. Tiele’s Hist. Relig., 22. The *sun-spirit was called simply teotl, ‘the spirit’ par excellence.

1833.  Mrs. Hemans, And I too in Arcadia, 20. Insect-wings in *sun-streaks dancing.

1865.  J. H. Ingraham, Pillar of Fire (1872), 167. The city of Baalbec is famous for its *sun-temple.

1850.  Mrs. Browning, Early Rose, xii. Singing gladly all the moontide, Never waiting for the *suntide.

1886.  A. Winchell, Walks Geol. Field, 245. The slanting *sun-warmth of the early morning.

  b.  = Caused by exposure to the sun, induced by the heat of the sun, as sun-blister, -haze, -headache, -pain, -rash, -tan, -thaw, -weariness, etc. See also sun-blight, -fever in 13, SUNBURN, SUNSTROKE.

1833.  Good Words, Aug., 543/2. Paint … of doors and window-frames … ‘picked out’ by irregular touches of *sun-blister.

1910.  A. Noyes, in Blackw. Mag., Dec., 829.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, xii. 204. The phenomena of *sun-erythema.

1860.  Tyndall, Glac., I. ii. 9. The pines, gleaming through the *sunhaze.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, Introd. p. xi. Exposure to the sun … [may cause] *sun headache.

1855.  Dunglison, Med. Lex., Hemicrania..., pain, confined to one half the head. It is almost always of an intermittent character:—at times, continuing only as long as the sun is above the horizon; and hence sometimes called *Sun-pain. Ibid., *Sun Rash, Lichen.

1904.  Westm. Gaz., 28 Dec., 2/1. It was plain where the brown of *sun-tan shaded into the clothes-covered white.

1798.  Coleridge, Frost at Midnight, 70. The nigh thatch Smokes in the *sun-thaw.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, xii. 201. These cases might be classified under the term *Sun-traumatism.

1897.  ‘H. S. Merriman,’ In Kedar’s Tents, xxvii. 299. Likely to fall from sheer fatigue and *sun-weariness.

  c.  = Serving for protection against the sun, used to keep the sunlight off or out, as sun-awning, -blind, -canopy, -curtain, -screen, -shutter, -umbrella: see also sun-bonnet, -hat, -helmet in 13, SUNSHADE.

1883.  Moloney, W. African Fisheries, 19. These clothes wound around the head of their owners, act as a *sun-awning.

1847.  Zoologist, V. 1643. The shutter-blind (or *sun-blind) of the sitting-room.

1852.  Dickens, Bleak Ho., xix. A shop with a sun-blind.

1598.  Hakluyt, Voy., I. 69. A certaine *Sun Canopie, or small tent (which was to bee caried ouer the Emperours head).

1906.  Westm. Gaz., 14 July, 4/2. White linen *sun-covers embroidered in white.

1893.  R. Blum, in Scribner’s Mag., June, 746/2. A dingy blue or red *sun-curtain fluttered.

1738.  [G. Smith], Cur. Relat., II. 285. They carried forty *Sun-Screens, cover’d with fine Callico, which belonged to the Life-Guard of Dairo.

1845.  C. H. Smith, in Kitto, Cycl. Bibl. Lit. (1849), I. 226/2. The royal band of relatives who surrounded the Pharaoh,… bearing his standards, ensign-fans, and sun-screens.

1909.  Le Queux, House of Whispers, xxii. That big, square, white house with the green *sun-shutters.

1904.  Daily Chron., 21 June, 8/3. Votaries of the abolition of head-gear … trusting to a *sun-umbrella for shelter.

  12.  Comb. a. Objective and objective genitive, as sun-worshipper, -worshipping; sun-cult, -worship; sun-affronting, -confronting, -eclipsing, -expelling, -loving, -outshining, -resembling, -shunning, -staining, etc., adjs.

1648.  J. Beaumont, Psyche, VI. ccii. Sharp was their sight, and further could descry Than any Eagle’s *Sun-affronting eye.

1835.  Court Mag., VI. 205. *Sun-bringing May!

1658.  E. Phillips, Myst. Love, Gen. Lud. (1685), 32. Rainbow. Chequer’d,… eye pleasing, *sun-confronting.

a. 1894.  Christina Rossetti, Out of the Deep, vii. A handful of *sun-courting heliotrope.

1911.  Nation, 23 Dec., 510/2. The dim cohorts of Roman legionaries who carried the *sun-cult of Mithras into the outermost regions of barbarism tramp unseen into our festival.

1612.  J. Davies, Muse’s Sacrifice (Grosart), II. 13/1. Thy *Sunne-ecclipsing glorious face.

1810.  E. Moor, Hindu Pantheon, 142. A low *sun-excluding viranda.

1591.  Shaks., Two Gent., IV. iv. 158. Since she … threw her *Sun-expelling Masque away, The ayre hath staru’d the roses in her cheekes.

1562.  *Sun-following [see Sun spurge, 13 b].

1607.  J. Day, Parl. Bees, i. (1888), 218. *Sun-loving marigolds.

1872.  Christina Rossetti, Sing Song, 81. Fly away, Sun-loving swallow.

1648.  J. Beaumont, Psyche, IX. cxxvi. That *Sun-outshining Crown.

a. 1774.  Tucker, Lt. Nat. (1834), II. 414. The scarlet poppy, and *sun-resembling marigold.

1602.  Hering, Anatomyes, 4. *Sun-shunning night-birds.

a. 1536.  Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, I. i. (1912), 7. Not able to beare her *sun-stayning excellencie.

1861.  Paley, Æschylus (ed. 2), Pers., 234, note. The sun is called ἄναξ in reference to the Persian doctrine of *sun-worship.

1867.  Brande & Cox, Dict. Sci., etc., s.v., The evidence of language … tends to show the general … existence of sun worship among the various tribes of men in the earliest ages.

a. 1901.  W. Bright, Age Fathers (1903), I. xi. 204. Terrifying the Christians by such a proof that mere persistency in Christianity, or in rejection of the sun-worship, was a capital crime.

1884.  Ogilver, *Sun-worshipper.

1903.  Daily Chron., 24 Oct., 6/2. The Sun Worshippers were also obliged to go about naked.

1904.  Budge, 3rd & 4th Egypt. Rooms Brit. Mus., 122. When the first sun-worshippers entered Egypt.

1617.  Purchas, Pilgrimage, V. vii. § 6 (ed. 3), 608. Wee haue … spoken of the Bulloches,… *Sunne-worshipping, Giantly bignesse, and Inhumane humanitie, in eating mans-flesh.

  b.  Instrumental = by or with the sun, as sun-awakened, -begotten, -blanched, -blown, -bred, -brown, -browned, -cracked, -drawn, -fringed, -gilt, -graced, -heated, -illumined, -kissed, -loved, -scorched, -scorching, -swart, -tanned, -warm, -warmed, -withered, etc., adjs. See also sun-beaten in 13, SUN-BRIGHT 2, SUNBURNT, SUN-DRIED, SUN-LIT, SUN-STRICKEN, SUNSTRUCK.

1820.  Shelley, Prometh. Unb., II. iii. 37. The *sun-awakened avalanche!

1687.  Dryden, Hind & P., I. 311. A slimy-born and *sun-begotten Tribe.

1905.  R. D. Paine, in Century Mag., Aug., 490/1. There are no diversions to inspire a holiday spirit among these stern-faced, *sun-blackened young men sequestered among the country hills in their own little communities.

1840.  Browning, Sordello, VI. 871. The few fine locks Stained like pale honey oozed from topmost rocks, *Sunblanched the live-long summer.

1899.  Kipling, Stalky, iii. 67. They reached the *sun-blistered pavilion … just before roll-call.

1595.  B. Barnes, Sonnets, lxxx. A *sunne-blowne rose.

1601–11.  Chester, Poems (1878), 17. My *Sunne-bred lookes.

1648.  J. Beaumont, Psyche, X. cccxcv. He … reach’d not his designed Bethany Till two days more their Sun-bred lives had spent.

1844.  Penny Mag., 17 Aug., 314/2. These half-clad *sun-bronzed fellows … are Arabs.

1871.  Palgrave, Lyr. Poems, 88. Thy *sun-brown cheek.

1827.  Scott, Highl. Widow, i. Donald’s *sun-browned countenance.

1859.  R. F. Burton, Centr. Afr., in Jrnl. Geog. Soc., XXIX. 154. A grassy plain of … *suncracked earth.

1792.  R. Cumberland, Calvary, VIII. 15. The rays, That from the Savior’s *sun-crown’d temples beam’d.

1845.  Bailey, Festus (ed. 2), 304. The foam-bubble, *Sun-drawn out of the sea into the clouds.

1887.  Hissey, Holiday on Road, 260. A *sun-filled atmosphere.

1770.  J. Ross, Contempl. (MS. Wks.), 226. Fragrant Gales refresh the *Sun-flagged Flow’rs.

1830.  Tennyson, Madeline, ii. Like little clouds *sun-fringed.

1807.  W. Irving, Salmag., v. (1824), 83. Along Ausonia’s *sun-gilt shore.

1837–42.  Hawthorne, Twice-told T. (1851), II. xi. 162. The sun-gilt spire of the church.

1600.  Tourneur, Transf. Metam., viii. Wks. 1878, II. 192. No *sun-grac’d mount? how can the sun mounts grace When mountaines seeke his count’nance to deface?

1856.  Kane, Arctic Explor., 1. xx. 242. *Sun-heated snow-surfaces.

1799.  T. Campbell, Pleas. Hope, I. 507. His *sun-illumined zone.

1873.  E. Brennan, Witch of Nemi, etc., 249. Upon those *sun-kissed hills.

c. 1611.  Chapman, Iliad, V. 177. In the *Sun-lou’d Lycian greenes.

1894.  H. Nisbet, Bush Girl’s Rom., 12. Sun-loved,… but not shallow streams.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., *Sun-scorched, a term used by our gardners … to express a distemperature of fruit trees.

1897.  Mary Kingsley, W. Africa, 358. His march over the sun-scorched plateau.

1633.  C. Farewell, East-Ind. Colation, 52. Their *sunschorching dayes.

1867.  Jean Ingelow, Christ’s Resurr., xiii. Indian glades, Where kneel the *sun-swart maids.

1876.  ‘Ouida,’ Winter City, vi. Blown by a fresh breeze on a *sun-swept moorland.

1821.  Clare, Vill. Minstr. (1823), I. 39. To meet the *sun-tann’d lass he dearly loves.

1856.  Kane, Arctic Expl., II. xxvii. 271. The varied glitter of *sun-tipped crystal.

1819.  Shelley, in Dowden, Life (1886), II. 247. The soil which is stirring in the *sun-warm earth.

1884.  Expositor, Feb., 129. The physical and chemical forces of the *sun-warmed earth.

1844.  Faber, Sir Lancelot, xii. *Sun-withered wreaths.

  c.  Similative and parasynthetic, as sun-broad, -clear (fig. after G. sonnenklar), -dazzling, red; sun-eyed, -faced, feathered adjs. See also SUN-BRIGHT 1.

1590.  Spenser, F. Q., II. ii. 21. His *sunbroad shield.

1847.  Emerson, Poems (1857), 57. Make the aged eye *sun-clear.

1885.  Daily News, 10 Nov. (Ware Passing Eng.), It is sun-clear that [etc.].

1630.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Whore, Wks. II. 111/1. Your eyes *sun-dazeling coruscancy will exile all the cloudie vapours of … melancholly.

1845.  Bailey, Festus (ed. 2), 222. The *sun-eyed angels.

1602.  Narcissus (1893), 220. Tell our *Sunnfac’t sonne his fortune.

1852.  ‘Nightlark,’ Meanderings of Mem., I. 196. Sunfaced choristers.

1649.  G. Daniel, Trinarch., Hen. IV., cccxxxv. The faire *Sun-feather’d Birds.

1861.  L. L. Noble, Icebergs, 176. The *sun-red blushes of beauty.

  d.  In various advb. relations, = in, to, from (etc.) the sun, as sun-arrayed, -born, -delighting, -descended, -gazing, -shading, -sodden, -steeped, etc. adjs.; sun-exposure. See also SUN-PROOF.

1593.  Nashe, Christs T., Wks. (Grosart), IV. 249. A bright *sunne-arraied Angell.

1656.  Cowley, Pindar. Odes, Plagues of Egypt, vi. They mount up higher, Where never *Sun-born Frog durst to aspire.

1819.  Newman, Spring, Poems (1906), 52. Spring! fairest season of the sunborn four.

1883.  J. Colborne, With Hicks Pasha (1884), 157. The sun-born fellah soldier, who works stripped under the burning rays.

1632.  Quarles, Div. Fancies, II. xcviii. 110. The *Sun-delighting Flye.

1807.  J. Barlow, Columb., I. 244. The *sun-descended race.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, xii. 204. Sequelæ … attributable to *sun exposure.

1611.  Beaum. & Fl., Maid’s Trag., I. ii. The day breaks here, and yon *sun-flaring stream Shot from the south.

1876.  Mrs. Whitney, Sights & Insights, xxxii. 305. The sweet, *sunfull heaven.

1611.  W. Barksted, Hiren (1876), 99. The *sunne-gaz’d Eagle.

1802.  Shaw, Gen. Zool., III. I. 245. *Sun-gazing Lizard, Lacerta Helioscopa.

1626.  J. Gresham, Pict. Incest (1876), 26. Her dainty fingers … Into *sun-shading litle boughes doe turne.

1822.  Byron, Juan, VIII. lxxxii. The Nile’s *sun-sodden slime.

1833.  Tennyson, Lotos-Eaters, 74. *Sun-steep’d at noon, and in the moon Nightly dew-fed.

  13.  Special Combs.: † sun-arising, = SUN-RISING; sun-bath, an exposure to the direct rays of the sun, esp. as a method of medical treatment; basking in the sun; so sun-bathing sb. and adj.; sun-bathed a., bathed in sunshine; sun-beat, -beaten adjs., upon which the sun beats; sun-blast (now dial.), a sudden emission or burst of sunshine (also fig.); sun-blight (Australia), an inflammatory affection of the eyes caused by exposure to sunshine; sun-bonnet, a light bonnet with a projection in front and a cape behind to protect the head and neck from the sun; sun-break, (a) a burst of sunshine; (b) sunrise (cf. daybreak); sun-case Pyrotechny, a case containing a slow-burning composition, forming part of a ‘sun’: see 8 b above; sun-charm, a fire-festival to propitiate the god of the sun; sun-circle, a circle of stones supposed to be connected with sun-worship; sun-clad a. poet., (a) clothed in radiance like the sun; (b) clothed in sunshine; sun-clock, (a) a clock constructed to show solar time; (b) poet. a sundial; sun-crack Geol., a crack produced by the heat of the sun during the consolidation of a rock; sun-cure sb., a cure involving exposure to the sun’s rays; sun-cure v., to ‘cure’ or preserve by exposure to the sun; also sun-cured ppl. a.; sun-dance, a religious dance in honor of the sun, accompanied with barbarous rites of self-torture, practised by certain tribes of North American Indians; sun-dart poet., a ray of sunlight figured as a dart; sun-dawn poet., dawn, daybreak; sun-deck, the upper deck of a steamer; sun-disk, -disc, the disk of the sun, or a figure or image of this, esp. in religious symbolism; sun-fever (see quots.); sun-figure Biol., a radiating figure formed in the protoplasm of a cell during karyokinesis; sun-flag, the Japanese flag, bearing an image of the sun; sun-fly, an artificial fly used by anglers in bright weather; sun-force, the force or energy emanating from the sun in the form of heat, light, etc.; † sun-gate-down, sunset; sun-glade, a beam or track of sunlight, esp. the track of reflected sunlight on water (cf. moon-glade, MOON sb. 16); sun-glass, (a) a lens for concentrating the rays of the sun, a burning-glass; (b) a screen of colored glass attached to a sextant for moderating the light of the sun, a shade-glass (Cent. Dict. Suppl., 1909); sun-glow, (a) a glow or glare of sunlight; (b) a hazy diffused light seen around the sun, due to fine solid particles in the atmosphere, as after a volcanic eruption; sun-go-down Obs. or dial., sunset; † also app. used advb. = till sunset; so † sun-going-down; sun-gold, (a) an orange dye obtained from coal-tar, also called heliochrysin; (b) bright sunlight likened to gold (poet. and rhet.); sun-groat (see quot. 1861); † sun half = sunny half (see SUNNY a. 2 b); sun-hat, a broad-brimmed hat worn in hot climates to protect the head from the sun; so sun-helmet (whence sun-helmeted a., wearing a sun-helmet); sun-heat, (a) heat emanating from the sun; (b) a heat-stroke; sun kiln, a vat in which potters’ clay is exposed to the action of the sun and air; sun-land, a land of sunshine, a country or region with a sunny climate; sun-leistering = SUNNING vbl. sb. 3; sun-line, (a) in Palmistry = line of the sun (see 1 f above); (b) a line drawn on a card sun-dial, along which a ray of sunlight falls after passing through a slit; sun-myth, a myth relating to the sun, a solar myth; sun-opal, = FIRE-opal; sun-pan, a pan in which some substance is exposed to the sun (as brine in salt-making, or clay in pottery manufacture); sun-path, the course of the sun; also, the path followed by a ray of sunlight; chiefly fig.; sun-picture, a picture made by means of sunlight, a photograph; sun-pillar, a vertical column of light appearing to extend upwards from the sun; sun-plane, a plane with a curved stock, used for levelling the ends of the staves of a cask; † sun-pond, ? = sun-pan; sun-power, (a) = sun-force; (b) (after candle-power), the relative intrinsic brightness of a star as measured by that of the sun; sun-quake, a solar disturbance comparable to an earthquake; † sun-rest, sunset; sun-scald [SCALD sb.²], (a) ‘scald’ produced by the sun’s heat; (b) a patch of bright sunlight on the surface of water; sun-shaft U.S., a shaft of sunlight, a sunbeam; sun-shooter Naut. slang, one who takes an observation of the sun (see SHOOT v. 32 c); sun-side (now rare), the side facing the sun, the sunny side (also attrib.); sun-signalling, = HELIOGRAPHY 4; † sun-sitting, sunset; sun-smile, a sunny or gracious smile; sun-smitten a., struck by the sun’s rays; spec. affected with sunstroke; sun-spark U.S., the glint of sunlight on an object; sun-spear, an eel-spear used in the Irish lakes (see quot.); so sun-spearer, -spearing; sun-spell, = sun-charm; sun-spring Obs. or arch., sunrise (in quot. a. 1300 transf. = east; in quot. 1900 fig.); † sun-still (see quot.); sun-telegraphy, = HELIOGRAPHY 4; sun-tight a. (after water-tight), impervious to the rays of the sun; sun-time, (a) a time of brightness or joy; (b) solar time; sun-trap, a place adapted for catching sunshine; sun-wheel, (a) the wheel around which a planet-wheel turns (see Sun-and-planet wheels, 13 d); (b) a figure resembling a wheel, with radiating arms or spokes, supposed to be a symbol of the sun; (c) pl. the wheels of the mythical chariot of the sun; sun-yellow, name for a pale yellow dye obtained from coal-tar, also called maize.

c. 1440.  Astron. Cal. (MS. Ashm. 361), fol. 1 b. Boþe of dawyng and of *sonne arysing & also for þe sonne goyng downe.

1633.  Campion’s Hist. Irel., II. vii. 96. They are forced … to keepe them [sc. their gates] shut … from sunne set, to sunne arising.

1875.  Encycl. Brit., III. 439/1. A *sun bath (insolatio or heliosis), exposing the body to the sun, the head being covered, was a favourite practice among the Greeks and Romans.

1893.  Kate Sanborn, A Truthful Woman S. California, 21. I sat on the veranda, or piazza, taking a sun-bath, in a happy dream or doze, until the condition of nirvana was almost attained.

1903.  H. Begbie, Sir J. Sparrow, 127. Captain Chivvy … vowed and declared that sun-baths were the only possible means of dispersing the cholers of the body … and begged his dear friend Sparrow to stick to sun-baths all the days of his life.

1895.  K. Grahame, Golden Age (1904), 9. Out into the brimming *sun-bathed world I sped.

1600.  Nashe, Summer’s Last Will, Wks. 1905, III. 274. *Sun-bathing beggers.

1900.  Westm. Gaz., 31 July, 3/2. [Walt Whitman] was convinced that sun-bathing was a fine tonic.

1636.  G. Sandys, Paraphr. Ps. lviii. Poems (1648), 100. As *Sun-beat Snow, so let them thaw.

1693.  Dryden, Juvenal, X. 239. Nilus, to convey His Sun-beat Waters by so long a way.

1891.  Cent. Dict., Sun-beat, *sun-beaten.

1894.  [Gertrude L. Bell], Safar nameh. Persian Pict., 115. A row of arches stood back from the sun-beaten pavement.

1674.  Flavel, Husb. Spir., ix. 83. The rain is most beneficial … when there come sweet warm *Sun-blasts with it or after it. Ibid., App. 265. The Sun-blasts of prosperity.

1894.  H. Nisbet, Bush Girl’s Rom., 213. Your eyes bad? A touch of *sun-blight. Wear a pair of blue glasses until the inflammation goes.

1860.  Miss Yonge, Stokesley Secr., ii. Bessie had put on her lilac-spotted *sun-bonnet.

1826.  Carrington, Dartmoor, 75. O Plym, beloved, to thee I owe the few bright *sun-breaks, that have cheer’d My toilsome pilgrimage.

1850.  S. Dobell, Roman, vi. 79. I, who … Since sunbreak upon one same broken column Sat like a Caryatid.

1881.  Shorthouse, John Inglesant, Pref. 9. The sunbreak upon the stainless peaks.

1875.  Knight, Dict. Mech., 2454/1. *Sun-case,… a strong paper case filled with a composition which does not burn so fast as rocket-composition.

1897.  D. Butler, Ch. & Par. Abernethy, v. 79. Dr Frazer regards the fire-festivals of November and December as *sun-charms intended to ensure a proper supply of sunshine for man, animals, and plants.

1911.  J. A. MacCulloch, Relig. Anc. Celts, xviii. 266. The bonfire was a sun-charm, representing and assisting the sun.

1877.  E. G. Squier, Peru, xx. 383. The *sun-circles, or Druidical circles of England.

1634.  Milton, Comus, 782. The *Sun-clad power of Chastity.

1825.  Longf., Sunrise on the Hills, 4. The sun-clad vales.

1737.  Gentl. Mag., VII. 63/2. [Joseph Williamson’s] Clocks, thus framed, would keep Time to Admiration with the Sun, and therefore he called them his *Sun-Clocks.

1876.  H. Gardner, Sunflowers, Dream of Noon, 51. The mossy sun-clock.

1852.  R. F. Burton, Falconry Valley Indus, viii. 80. The ground is gashed with gigantic *sun-cracks.

1858.  H. D. Rogers, Geol. Pennsylv., II. II. 831. A locality where the sun-cracks … are exposed in a roadside quarry.

1902.  Daily Chron., 8 Dec., 4/5. *Sun-cures for all the depression and ill-humours to which English people are supposed to be peculiarly subject.

1912.  Nation, 8 June, 376/1. All that they did not eat to-day they smoked or *sun-cured for to-morrow.

1877.  (Advt.) Old Judge *Sun cured Virginia Smoking Tobacco.

1890.  Frederick Schwatka, in Century Mag., March, 753/2. Ordinarily each tribe or reservation has its own celebration of the *sun-dance.

1894.  Outing (U.S.), XXIV. 88/1. Those dreadful cicatrices left by the sun-dance.

a. 1835.  Mrs. Hemans, Storm of Delphi, xiv. And the lightnings in their play Flash’d forth … Like *sun-darts wing’d from the silver bow.

1835.  Browning, Paracelsus, I. 104. We paced … the cheerful town At *sun-dawn.

1885.  Swinburne, Mar. Fal., Ded. vii. One heart whose heat was as the sundawn’s fire.

1909.  Daily Chron., 16 April, 4/4. On the *sun-deck of a steamer.

1877.  J. E. Carpenter, trans. Tiele’s Hist. Relig., 54. An attempt made by Amun-hotep IV. (Chunaten) to substitute the exclusive worship of Aten-Ra, the *sun-disc, for that of Amun-Râ, had no permanent success.

1883.  V. Stuart, Egypt, 381. The ovals right and left of the sundisk which sheds down its rays upon the royal pair are the solar cartouches.

1855.  Dunglison, Med. Lex. (1857), Dengue,… Solar or *Sun Fever. Ibid. (1876), Sun Fever, a fever of tropical regions, which is probably a severe form of febricula or simple fever.

1904.  E. P. Sewell, in Brit. Med. Jrnl., 17 Sept., 633/1. These ‘touches of fever’ being either sun-fever or malaria.

1889.  Jrnl. Microsc. Sci., N.S. XXX. 163. Certain peculiar radiating appearances in the protoplasm are seen…—stars, ‘asters,’ or *‘sunfigures.’ Cell-division then follows.

1905.  J. Fox (title), Following the *Sun-Flag: a Vain Pursuit through Manchuria.

1902.  Encycl. Brit., XXV. 446/1. For very bright weather and clear water, lightly dressed flies, which are mainly light yellow in colour, are standard favourites, such as the *Sun-fly and the Mystery.

1866.  W. Odling, Anim. Chem., 78. Either by a direct application of *sun-force, or, indirectly, by the aid of those terrestrial transformations of sun-force which are so abundantly at his disposal.

1873.  B. Stewart, Conserv. Force (U.S.), vii. 182. The plant during the day stores up sun-force sufficient to do its work during the night.

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 484/1. Sunne settynge, or *sunne gate downe.

1530.  Palsgr., 805/2. At the sonne gate downe, sur le soleil couchant.

1876.  Forest & Stream, 13 July, 368/2. The … mosquitoes hovered, like flies in a *sun-glade.

1906.  Chas. Hanbury-Williams, in Blackw. Mag., March, 394/1. The sun-glade was glittering and twinkling on the water.

1837–42.  Hawthorne, Twice-told T. (1851), I. vii. 129. After lighting a cigar with a *sunglass.

1845.  Mrs. Norton, Child Islands, Winter, lxviii. Didst thou … Never lie dreaming—shut from winter skies,—While the warm shadow of remembered eyes, Like a hot *sun-glow, all thy frame opprest?

1884.  Chamb. Jrnl., Nov. 707/1. Remarkable coronal appearances and sunglows were noticed in different parts of the world.

1595.  T. Edwards, Narcissus (Roxb.), 52. Talke *Sun-go-downe.

1715.  Pennecuik, To Pr. Orange, in Tweeddale, etc., II. 4. For we that live within this Town, Our Sight grows Dim, by Sun go Down.

c. 1440.  *Sonne goyng downe [see sun arising above].

1530.  Palsgr., 272/2. Sonne goyng downe, le soleil couchant.

1885.  Hummel, Dyeing Textile Fabrics, 401. Heliochrysin...—This colouring matter is the sodium salt of tetra-nitro-naphthol, it is also known as *Sun Gold.

1897.  Ninetta Eames, in Outing (U.S.), XXIX. 554/1. The water was of intense shades of blue or green, and flashed with untold brilliance under the flooding sun gold.

1861.  Gentl. Mag., CCX. 532, note. In the Irish coinage of Edward IV. there are groats with the sun and rose in centre, which were called *sun-groats.

1565.  in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 1574, 583/1. Dimedietatem terrarum de Westir Gurdie vocat. the *sone half.

1615.  in J. Davidson, Inverurie, vi. (1878), 198. The … possessors … of the sun half of the Cruik, finding themselves to have the better part,… granted … to the shaddow half of the said Cruik ane piece of land, to make the shaddow half so good as the sun half.

1879.  Mrs. A. E. James, Ind. Househ. Managem., 18. A … regular Indian *sun-hat, made of pith.

1898.  P. Manson, Trop. Diseases, v. 103. The old resident is very chary about going out without his sun-hat and white umbrella.

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 489. When the air of the frame is at a high temperature from *sun-heat.

1873.  J. Le Conte, Relig. & Sci., xvi. (1874), 275. Sun-heat, falling upon water, disappears as heat, to reappear as mechanical force which lifts that water into the clouds.

1904.  New Hebrides Mag., April, 10. Cases … of slight sun-stroke, or sun-heat.

1912.  Mrs. Campbell Dauncey, in Contemp. Rev., April, 559. Hatless and indifferent to sun-heat that would have killed Europeans, surged endless crowds of Filipinos bent on their holiday and Fiesta.

1883.  V. Stuart, Egypt, 3. Up came a British full private of the gallant West Kent, a lad of about 19, with a fair English face, a *sun-helmet, and a red jacket.

1896.  Conan Doyle, in Westm. Gaz., 7 April, 2/1. A crowd of red-fezzed Egyptians and *sun-helmeted Europeans.

a. 1822.  J. Aiken, in S. Shaw, Hist. Staff. Potteries, iv. (1829), 98. The fluid mass is next poured into a sieve, thro’ which it runs into the largest vat, or *Sun Kiln, until the whole surface is covered … which is left to be evaporated by solar action.

1861.  Paley, Æschylus (ed. 2), Choeph., 365, note. The Hyperboreans, a race supposed to have inhabited the mild *sun-lands beyond the regions from which the north wind blows.

1847.  Stoddart, Angler’s Comp., 253. A party who were *sun-leistering or spearing from a boat.

1653.  R. Sanders, Physiogn., 68. The lines which issue from the *Sun-line, and go to the Table-line signifie Children.

1877.  Encycl. Brit., VII. 161/1. Draw the sun-line at the top of the card.

1865.  Tylor, Early Hist. Man., xii. 354. St. George, the favourite mediæval bearer of the great *Sun-myth.

1851.  Mantell, Petrifactions, iv. § 1. 364. Opaline substances,—the noble opal; *sun-opal; common opal; [etc.].

1723.  Phil. Trans., XXXII. 353. The Sea Water is let into their feeding Ponds,… from hence is conveyed into small square Pans, and … from these … into larger Pans,… which they call Brine, or *Sun Pans.

1831–3.  P. Barlow, in Encycl. Metrop. (1845), VIII. 449/2. The materials for coarse pottery are prepared by a very rude … method. The place is technically named a sun pan.

1598–9.  E. Forde, Parismus, II. (1661), 128. In the *Sun-path of sweet delight.

1847.  Emerson, Poems (1857), 177. The mill-round of our fate appears A sun-path in thy worth.

1876.  Morris, Æneid, VI. 796. Beyond the stars,… Beyond the sun-path lies the land, where Atlas heaven upbears.

1846.  Literary Gaz., 433/2. Genuine *sun-pictures, un-aided by art.

1856.  Geo. Eliot, Ess. (1884), 237. The delicate accuracy of a sun-picture.

1902.  R. D. Gibney, in Times, 10 March, 15/1. At 6[.]25 p.m., a very brilliant but narrow *sun pillar appeared, extending from a bank of clouds hanging over the horizon to about 35°.

1846.  Holtzapffel, Turning, II. 488. The ends of the staves have been levelled by a tool called a *sun plane.

1708.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4453/3. Large Store-ponds, and *Sun-Ponds for making of Brine.

1877.  Queen’s Printers’ Bible-Aids, 33/2. Land suffering from an excess of *sun-power.

1905.  Nature, 28 Sept., 531–2. In Fig. 2 the relative distances of … stars … are shown…, the ‘sun-powers’ of the various stars being represented by a system of symbols.

1791.  E. Darwin, Bot. Gard., I. 29, notes. If … the planets were originally thrown out of the sun by larger *sun-quakes.

c. 1400.  Love, Bonavent. Mirr. (1907), 260. They were bounden to kepe the sabboth day, fro the *sonne rest of the day bifore vnto the sonne rest of the self day.

a. 1500.  St. Patrick’s Purgatory, 214, in Brome Bk., 89. Sweche was hys lyght … As yt ys in wentyr at the sunne rest.

1881.  Gard. Chron., 12 Nov., 621/1. The spots themselves look more like the *sun-scalds one sees upon the leaves of plants grown under glass.

1896.  Lodeman, Spray. Plants, 274. Sun-scald (Cercospora Apii, Fries).

1897.  Kipling, Captains Courageous, v. 111. It seemed a sin to do anything but loaf over the hand-lines and spank the drifting ‘sunscalds’ with an oar.

1868.  Mrs. Whitney, Patience Strong’s Outings, xiii. The maples were splendid in the *sunshafts that shot through.

1908.  W. Churchill, Mr. Crewe’s Career, xiii. 191. He had but to beckon a shining Pegasus from out a sun-shaft in the sky.

1886.  Tinsley’s Mag., Oct., 373. The group of *sunshooters on the quarter-deck.

1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. XIX. 64. Tho þat sitten in þe *sonne-syde sonner aren rype.

1608.  Willet, Hexapla Exod., 651. The colour of the rine or barke on the sunside is purple.

1719.  Ramsay, To Arbuckle, 116. My ain house … stands on Edinburgh’s street, the sun-side.

1852.  ‘Nightlark,’ Meand. Mem., I. 128. And Sun-side Alps all tortuously slip.

1889.  Encycl. Brit., Index, *Sun-Signalling.

c. 1460.  Promp. Parv. (Winch. MS.), 448. *Sunne syttyng, or sunne gate downe, occasus.

1837.  Carlyle, Fr. Rev., II. I. xi. Rewarded by a *sun-smile, and such melodious glad words.

1852.  Bailey, Festus (ed. 5), 500. The sunsmile of Salvation beamed.

1833.  Tennyson, Pal. Art, xii. Below *sunsmitten icy spires Rose … the scornful crags.

1886.  Stevenson, Kidnapped, xx. 197. It was only by God’s blessing that we were neither of us sun-smitten.

1847.  Emerson, Poems (1857), 110. The *sun-spark on the sea.

1896.  Clark Russell, in Idler, March, 172/1. The burning sun-spark in the bright brass binnacle hood.

1885.  [Lady Colin Campbell], in Sat. Rev., 21 Nov., 673/1. *‘Sun-spearing’ … is much sought after in the Irish loughs during the months of June and July. In the early sunny mornings … the *sun-spearer sallies forth in any little boat he can lay hands on…. Anguilla comes up writhing on the twelve close-set teeth of the *sun-spear.

1907.  A. Berriedale Keith, in Folk-Lore, June, 222. The nocturnal festival of Sais … shows signs of being a *sun spell.

a. 1300.  E. E. Psalter xlix. 2. Fra *sonne springe to setelgange.

1900.  Westm. Gaz., 14 June, 2/3. The sun-spring of love!

1688.  R. Holme, Armoury, III. xx. (Roxb.), 230. The Italian distillary, or *Sun Still: this is formed of two round bodied glass bottles, one … set with the mouth of it downwards into an other with it mouth vpwards.

1876.  Voyle & Stevenson, Milit. Dict. (ed. 3), s.v. Telegraphy, *Sun telegraphy is a system of correspondence by means of the sun’s rays.

1861.  Beresf. Hope, Eng. Cathedr. 19th C., iii. 88. To make his building light and well ventilated, and yet *sun-tight.

1844.  Mrs. Browning, Duchess May, li. Her hopes will spring again By the *suntime of her years.

1855.  Lardner’s Mus. Sci. & Art, VII. 33. Clock time and sun time.

1883.  A. A. Knox, New Playground, 66. Secure for him at once a little ‘box’ on Mustapha—“A sort of *‘sun-trap,’ don’t you know? that kind of thing.”

1896.  Q. Rev., July, 59. These small, beautifully kept gardens…—sun-traps they must have been with their big, high walls.

1891.  Cent. Dict., *Sun-wheel [sense (b)].

1910.  J. Macintosh, in Poets of Ayrshire, 138.

1890.  *Sun yellow [see MAIZE 3].

  b.  In names of animals and plants: sun-animalcule, a microscopic protozoan of the group Heliozoa, esp. the common species Actinophrys sol, of a spherical form with numerous long, slender, straight, radiating filaments; sun-bear, a small Malayan species of bear (Helarctos malayanus), the bruang, having close black fur and a white patch on the breast; also, the Tibetan bear (Ursus thibetanus); sun-beetle, any one of various scarabæid beetles of the subfamily Cetoniinæ, which appear in sunshine; sun-bittern, a South American bird, Eurypyga helias, with brilliantly colored plumage, also called peacock-bittern; also, any bird of the family Eurypygidæ; sun-cress, a S. African cruciferous herb, Heliophila pectinata; sun-fern (see quot.); sun-fruit, a shrub or tree of the genus Heliocarpus, found in Central America, bearing flat round capsules with radiating bristles; sun-gem, a brilliantly colored Brazilian species of humming-bird, Heliactin cornutus; sun-grass, = DOOB (Cynodon Dactylon); sun-grebe, = SUNBIRD 1 c (Cent. Dict., 1891); sun-perch, = SUN-FISH 1 b; sun-rose, a name for the genus Helianthemum, of which the flowers expand in sunshine: also called rock-rose; † sun shell-fish, a kind of starfish; sun spurge, a common species of spurge, Euphorbia Helioscopia, whose flowers follow the sun; sun-squall, -squawl U.S., a jelly-fish; sun-star, sun-starfish, a starfish having numerous rays, as those of the genus Solaster; † sun tithymal, sun spurge; sun-trout local U.S., the squeteague; † sun-turning spurge, sun spurge.

1867.  J. Hogg, Microsc., II. ii. 372. Actinophrys sol, *‘sun-animalcule.’

1842.  Penny Cycl., XXIII. 275/1. Bears are numerous [in Sumatra], and among them is the *sun-bear.

1881.  Encycl. Brit., XII. 741/2. The Himalayan or Tibetan sun bear.

1836–9.  Todd’s Cycl. Anat., II. 886/2. In the *sun-beetles … the eyes are very protuberant.

1870.  Gillmore, trans. Figuier’s Reptiles & Birds, 343. Its brilliant hues have obtained for it in Guinea the name of the Little Peacock or *Sun Bittern.

1876.  A. R. Wallace, Geogr. Distrib. Anim., II. 358. The Eurypygidæ, or Sun-bitterns, are small heron-like birds with beautifully-coloured wings, which frequent the muddy and wooded river-banks of tropical America.

1884.  Miller, Plant-n., Heliophila pectinata, *Sun Cress.

1824.  Loudon, Encycl. Gard. (ed. 2), 1225/2. *Sun-fern, polypodium phegopteris.

1852.  G. W. Johnson, Cottage Gard. Dict., *Sun-fruit, Heliocarpus.

1879.  Sir G. Campbell, Black & White, 19. In the South [of the U.S.] an East-Indian grass, known as ‘Dhoop’ or *Sun-grass, has been introduced.

1897.  J. A. Graham, Thresh. Three Closed Lands, ix. 108. During the cold season the planter has had to pitch his tent in the forest or tall sun-grass.

1826.  Audubon, Jrnls. (1898), I. 162. Roasting the orange-fleshed Ibis, and a few *sun-perch. Ibid. (1835), Ornith. Biog., III. 47. The American Sun Perch. Ibid., 50. The Sun Perch … seems to give a decided preference to sandy, gravelly, or rocky beds of streams.

1824.  Loudon, Encycl. Gard. (ed. 2), 1195/2. Helianthemum, *sun-rose.

1884.  Gardening Illust., 8 Nov., 425/3. The best kinds of Rock Roses and Sun Roses are beginning to reappear in our gardens.

1688.  R. Holme, Armoury, II. xv. 349/2. The Sea Sun, or the *Sun shell fish … differs from the Star-fish in this, that all the rays which are five … come out of the sides of the round shell.

1562.  Turner, Herbal, II. 154 b. This kinde is called in diuerse partes of England Wartwurt; it maye also be called *son spourge, or son folowynge spourge.

1796.  Withering, Brit. Plants (ed. 3), II. 449. Euphorbia helioscopia,… Wart-wort…. Cats-milk. Sun Spurge.

1850.  Miss Pratt, Comm. Things Sea-side, i. 84. Almost every one knows the common Sun Spurge, often growing as a weed in gardens.

1865.  Thoreau, Cape Cod, v. 79. The *sun-squawl was poisonous to handle.

1897.  Shufeldt, Ch. Nat. Hist. U.S., 452. Jellyfish, or Sunsqualls.

1843.  Proc. Berw. Nat. Club, II. xi. 50. S[olaster] Endeca.—Purple *Sun Star. S. Papposa.—Common Sun Star.

1855.  Kingsley, Glaucus, 125. The twelve-rayed sun-star (Solaster papposa),… dressed in rich scarlet livery.

1876.  Nature, June, 121/2. *Sun Starfish (Solaster papposa).

1597.  Gerarde, Herbal, II. cxxxii. 406. With leaues like the *sunne Tithymale.

1888.  Goode, Amer. Fishes, 111. In the Southern Atlantic States it is called … *‘Sun Trout.’

1640.  Parkinson, Theatr. Bot., II. xvi. 188. Tithymalus Helioscopius. *Sunne turning Spurge or Wartwort.

  c.  Combinations of the genitive sun’s: † sun’s brow, a kind of bulrush; † sun’s day, Sunday; † sun’s flower, applied to the marigold (cf. SUNFLOWER 3 a); † sun’s gem (trans. L. solis gemma), some kind of precious stone (see quot., and cf. SUNSTONE): † sun’s night, = SUNNIGHT.

1567.  Maplet, Gr. Forest, 35. The Bulrush hath one kinde, which of some is called *Sonnes brow.

12[?].  in E. M. Thompson, Cust. St. Aug. Cant. (1904), II. 314. In nocte vero ad matutinos, in primo motu, pulsetur *‘Sunnesdeies belle,’ deinde major Absalon.

[1891.  T. Hardy, Tess, xxiii. On this day of vanity, this Sun’s-day … they could hear the church-bell calling.]

1563.  Hyll, Art Garden. (1593), 93. It [sc. marigold] is named the *sunnes floure.

1601.  Holland, Pliny, XXXVII. x. II. 629. The *Sunnes gem is white.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 11280. In august time, þe Imparour, Was vs born vr sauueour,… On *sunnes night.

  d.  Sun-and-planet wheels, a form of gearing (invented by James Watt) consisting of a central wheel or sun-wheel and an outer wheel or planet-wheel (of which there may be more than one) geared together so that the axis of the latter moves round that of the former like a planet round the sun; also extended to other forms of gearing on a similar principle. So sun-and-planet gear, motion, etc.

1816.  R. Buchanan, Propelling Vessels by Steam, 20. For many years, instead of the crank, Mr. Watt used what are called sun and planet wheels, the one working round the other.

1869.  Rankine, Machinery & Millwork, 246. The Sun-and-Planet Motion is a sort of epicyclic train with periodic action.

1884.  F. J. Britten, Watch & Clockm., 35. A modification of the old bolt and shutter introduced by Sir E. Beckett … is inferior to the ‘Sun and Planet’ and other maintainers.

1896.  Westm. Gaz., 5 Dec., 4/2. The gear itself is arranged on the ‘sun-and-planet’ principle.

1904.  G. B. Shaw, Comm. Sense Munic. Trading, 9. Committees of directors who do not know the difference between a piston rod and a sun-and-planets gear.