Spanish a. (adv.) and sb.¹

Forms: α. 3 Spainisce, 5 Spaynessh(e, -ysshe, -ish, Spainysshe, 6 Spaynisshe, -ysch, Spaynes, Sc. Spaines, 9 Sc. Spainish. β. 5–6 Spanyshe, 6 -yssh(e, -ische, -issh, -ys, Spenyes, Spannishe, Sc. Spanes, 8 Spannish, 6– Spanish. [f. SPAIN + -ISH, with later shortening of the first element, Cf. OE. Speonisc (Ælfric), MDu. Spaensch, Spaens, Du. Spaansch), G. Spanisch, Da. and Sw. Spansk.]

  A.  adj. 1. Of or pertaining to Spain or its people; inhabiting, native to, characteristic of, Spain.

c. 1205.  Lay., 30703. Heo hahten hine Kinebord ut of Spainisce [v.r. Spaynes] ard.

1382.  Wycliffite Bible, Pref. Epp. ix. (1850), I. 76. Spanyshe songes upon deed men [L. Hiberas nænias].

c. 1400.  Brut, ccxxix. (1908), 304. When þe Spaynesshe vessellis & nauey, were closid yn al about.

a. 1533.  Ld. Berners, Huon, cxvii. 415. He coude very wel speke the spanysshe languag.

1585.  T. Washington, trans. Nicholay’s Voy., I. ii. 2 b. [We] sailed through the Spanish Seas towards the Iles Baleares.

1642.  Howell, For. Trav. (Arb.), 64. The Spanish Traveller, who was so habituated to hyperbolize,… that he became ridiculous in all companies.

1684.  Bunyan, Pilgr., II. 18. All the Gold in the Spanish Mines.

1723.  Chambers, trans. Le Clerc’s Archit., I. 56. The Spanish Order … is more elegant than the Roman.

1774.  Goldsm., Nat. Hist. (1776), II. 344. Even those [wild horses] which are found in America are of a Spanish breed.

1796.  H. Hunter, trans. St.-Pierre’s Stud. Nat. (1799), III. 537. In 1566, it constrained the Dutch to shake off the Spanish yoke.

1812.  Byron, Ch. Har., I. lxxxi. Who late so free as Spanish girls were seen?

1871.  Earle, Philol. Eng. Tongue, 304. Round by the Spanish peninsula have also come to us those English … nouns which are derived from Arabic.

  b.  Spanish Main, the mainland of America adjacent to the Caribbean Sea, esp. that portion of the coast stretching from the Isthmus of Panama to the mouth of the Orinoco; in later use also, the sea contiguous to this, or the route traversed by the Spanish register ships. Now Hist.

1725.  Sloane, Jamaica, II. 297. This is brought from the Spanish Main, or Continent of America.

1765.  Phil. Trans., LV. 50. The portrait of a child born of negro parents upon the Spanish main.

1803.  J. Burney, Disc. in South Sea, I. i. 7. That part of the continent, since known by the names of Terra Firma, and the Spanish Main.

1839.  Longf., Wreck Hesperus, iv. Then … spake an old Sailor, Had sailed the Spanish Main.

1890.  J. Corbett, Drake, viii. 110. Cartagena was the capital of the Spanish Main.

  c.  Spanish March (see first quot.).

1788.  Gibbon, Decl. & F., xlix. V. 141. In his absence he [Charlemagne] instituted the Spanish march, which extended from the Pyrenees to the river Ebro. Ibid., note. The governors or counts of the Spanish march.

1845.  Encycl. Metrop., XI. 296/1.

  2.  Of things: Of actual or attributed Spanish origin; made, manufactured or produced in Spain (or Spanish America); associated or connected with Spain on this account.

1485.  Naval Acc. Hen. VII. (1896), 39. Forest billes…, Spaynish dartes.

1486.  Bk. St. Albans, Hawking, c v. Take yolkys of Egges rawe,… put therto spanyshe salte.

1592.  Shuttleworths’ Acc. (Chetham Soc.), 75. Towe ovnsies of blake spenyes sylke to be boughte at Chester, iiij^s.

1598.  Sc. Acts, Jas. VI. (1816), IV. 169/1. Euerie erle be armit and furnist w^th corslet of pruif, heid peaces, vanbraces, teslettis, and ane spanische pik.

1615.  Markham, Eng. Housew., II. iv. (1668), 116. If it be Spanish Cute, two gallons will go further than five gallons of Candy Cute.

1649.  Eng. Farrier, xiii. Make your shooe of spruse or Spanish Iron.

1688.  R. Holme, Armoury, III. xxii. (Roxb.), 274/1. Spanish tobacco, the wreath about a finger thickness.

1794.  Mrs. Radcliffe, Myst. Udolpho, l. Some flasks of rich Spanish wine.

1829.  Loudon, Encycl. Plants, 205. S[alsola] sativa … affords all the best soda consumed in Europe. It is called by us Spanish or Alicant soda.

1846.  J. Baxter, Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4), I. 202. Spanish annotta is unquestionably the best ingredient for colouring cheese.

1880.  J. Dunbar, Pract. Papermaker, 35. Spanish Esparto,… Oran Esparto.

  Comb.  1654.  Gayton, Pleas. Notes, Pref. Verses.

1796.  Withering, Brit. Plants (ed. 3), IV. 283. Buffy brown or Spanish snuff colour.

  b.  Esp. Spanish leather, mahogany, needle, soap, -wool (see also 7).

1483.  in Antiq. Rep. (1807), I. 42. viij paire of botews of *Spaynysh leder.

1576.  Gascoigne, Steele Glas, 373, Wks. 1910, II. 152. Our knit silke stockes, and spanish lether shoes.

1626.  L. Owen, Speculum Jesuiticum (1629), 9. Our Spanish-leather Saint had a diuine reuelation of the blessed Trinitie.

1693.  Dryden, Juvenal, vi. (1697), 134. The several Suits Of Armour, and the Spanish Leather Boots!

1711.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4862/4. Every … Spanish Leather-dresser, and all other Dressers of Hides.

1858.  Simmonds, Dict. Trade, Spanish-leather maker, a manufacturer of Cordovan-leather.

1837.  W. B. Adams, Pleasure Carriages, 75. There are two kinds of mahogany, known as *‘Spanish’ and ‘Honduras.’

1869.  Rankine, Machine & Hand-tools, App. 69. Spanish mahogany is the more highly valued for ornamental purposes.

1584.  in Feuillerat, Revels Q. Eliz. (1908), 368. For *spanishe needles iii^d.

1605.  Tryall Chev., II. i. in Bullen, Old Pl. (1884), III. 286. Sitting upon the poynt of a Spanish needle.

1615.  Markham, Country Contentm., I. x. The best substance whereof to make Angling hooks, is either old Spanish needles, or else strong wier.

c. 1450.  M. E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich), 134. Take harde *spaynessh sepe and a litul stale ale.

1572.  Gascoigne, Councell to Withipoll, 78. Some may present thee with a pounde or twaine Of Spanishe soape to washe thy lynnen white.

1789.  H. Buchan, Dom. Med. (1790), 453. Such as cannot bear the asafœtida may substitute Spanish soap in its place.

1870.  Yeats, Nat. Hist. Comm., 206. Spanish or Castile soap is made by mixing olive oil and soda.

1436.  Libel English Policy, in Polit. Poems (Rolls), II. 162. Ffor *Spayneshe wolle in Fflaundres draped is.

1728.  Chambers, Cycl., s.v. Wool, The goodness of the Spanish Wools is owing to a few English Sheep sent over into Spain.

1797.  Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3), XVII. 343/2. The wool … is used for mixing with Spanish wool in some of their finest cloths.

  c.  Of articles of dress, etc.: Made in Spain, of Spanish materials, or after the Spanish fashion.

1530.  Palsgr., 273/2. Spaynisshe bagge, bauldrier.

c. 1534.  in Lewis, Life Fisher (1855), II. 297. 2 Spanyshe napkyns wroght wythe sylke and gold.

1542.  Nottingham Rec., III. 220. One Spaynes cloke of frysado.

1610.  B. Jonson, Alch., IV. vii. His Spanish slops. Ana. They are profane … and idolatrous breeches.

1634.  W. Tirwhyt, trans. Balzac’s Lett., 120. A Nose … against which there is no possible defence but Spanish Gloves.

1652.  News fr. Lowe-Countr., 2. Sometimes, forsooth, the Spanish Hose Doth trick him up, and there He goes.

1805.  Scott, Last Minstrel, II. xix. A palmer’s amice … With a wrought Spanish baldric bound.

  d.  Needlework. (See quots.)

1640.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Praise Needle, A 2. The Spanish-stitch, Rosemary-stitch, and Mowse-stitch.

1882.  Caulfeild & Saward, Dict. Needlework, 454/1. Spanish embroidery, a modern work, and closely resembling Darning on Muslin. Ibid., 455/1. Some of the Spanish Points are not raised, but are formed with a pattern worked out in Buttonhole Stitches.

1893.  Miss Masters, Art Needlework, 41. Several specimens of the embroidery executed by this queen [Katharine of Aragon] … are still known as ‘Spanish work.’

  3.  Of a type or kind characteristic of, or exemplified by, the Spaniards.

  In quot. 1584, ‘deceitful, perfidious, treacherous.’

1530.  Palsgr., 225/1. Gyrdell for a purse of the spaynisshe facyon.

1584.  Walsingham, in Cott. Libr. Catal., 8. The French king … will mislike, that, by any Spanish practice, she should be drawn to violate her faith.

1592.  G. Harvey, Four Lett., Wks. (Grosart), I. 192. Be thinke your selues of the olde Romane Discipline, and the newe Spanish industry.

a. 1628.  F. Greville, Sidney, iii. (1652), 37. His Spanish haughture.

1693.  W. Freke, Sel. Ess., Apol. 5. I shall not cramp myself to a Spanish Cutt to do it.

1806.  A. Hunter, Culina, 159. To stew Vegetables in the Spanish manner.

1891.  Farrar, Darkn. & Dawn, xvii. Your poem … is crude in parts. It is too Spanish and provincial.

  4.  In the names of various diseases.

1583–91.  [see PIP sb.¹ b].

1600.  J. Pory, trans. Leo’s Africa, I. 39. This they were most certainly perswaded of, that the same disease came first from Spaine; wherefore they … call it, The Spanish poxe.

1608.  [see POX sb. 1 e].

1681.  [see POCK sb. 2 α].

1699.  B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, Spanish-gout, the Pox.

c. 1720.  W. Gibson, Farrier’s Dispens., xiv. (1734), 271. The disease of the Head, which he [Solleysell] calls the Spanish-evil,… affected the Head with a Delirium or Madness.

1868.  Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869), 38. Five western cattle died of Spanish fever at Millerton,… New York, where they were quarantined.

  5.  Of or pertaining to, dealing or connected with, the language or literature of Spain.

1599.  Minsheu (title), A Spanish Grammar, first collected … by Richard Perciuale Gent. Now augmented … by Iohn Minsheu.

1706.  Stevens, Spanish & Eng. Dict., Pref. The Spanish Diminutives are much more numerous than the Substantives. Ibid. (1706), New Spanish Grammar, 3. I shall enter immediately upon the Spanish Alphabet.

1728.  Chambers, Cycl., s.v. Bible, Where he explains the Hebrew Words by Spanish Words.

1842.  Penny Cycl., XXII. 302/1. A Spanish grammar for the use of English students.

1887.  Encycl. Brit., XXII. 352/2. The law of Spanish accentuation. Ibid. A treatise on Spanish ‘doublets’ by Mme. Carolina Michaelis.

1888.  Jacobi, Printers’ Vocab., 129. Spanish n.—A capital or lower case n with a curly accent, thus—ñ.

  6.  In combination with other proper names, as Spanish-American, -Arab(ic, -Indian, etc.

1797.  Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3), I. 494/2. The Bastulian or Spanish Phœnician [alphabet].

1838.  Prescott, Ferd. & Is., Pref. The literal version … of the Spanish-Arab chronicles.

1866.  Treas. Bot., 821/2. The Spanish-Americans use the leaves as a condiment.

1871.  Kingsley, At Last, x. One of the old Spanish-Indian jungle tracks.

1886.  Encycl. Brit., XXI. 653/2. We possess a few literary works written in Spanish Arabic.

  7.  Special collocations.

  † Spanish ashes, = BARILLA 2. S. biscuit, black (see quots.). S. brown, a kind of earth having a reddish brown color (due to peroxide of iron), used as a pigment; also, the color that this imparts. S. burn, burton, Naut. (see quots.), † S. chalk, a variety of steatite found in Spain. S. clew, Naut. (see quot.). † S. coal, an aromatic composition [Sp. pebete] burned as a perfume. † S. coin, slang (see quot.). † S. fig (see FIG sb. 2). S. fox, Naut. (see FOX sb. 8). † Spanish green, verdigris. S. juice, liquorice (see LIQUORICE 1). S. march, † S. money, S. padlock, slang (see quots.). † S. paint, paper, cosmetics coming from or used in Spain. † S. pike, a needle (cf. sense 2 b). S. red, an ochre resembling Venetian red, but slightly yellower (Fairholt, 1854). S. reef, Naut. (see quot.). S. spoon, a kind of long-handled scoop used for removing the earth in the excavation of holes for telegraph posts. S. stripes, a kind of woollen fabric (Knight, 1875). † S. sword, a rapier. S. trot, trumpeter (see quots.). S. wave (after G. or Du. use as an intensive: see quot. 1852). S. white, (a) finely powdered chalk used as a pigment or for its cleansing properties; (b) a fine quality of flour (see quot. 1882). S. windlass, Naut. (see quot. 1846). S. wood, Spanish mahogany. S. wool, a variety of rouge (see also 2 b). † S. worm (see quot.).

1727.  De Foe, Eng. Tradesm., iii. (1841), I. 20. These ashes they call *Spanish.

1763.  W. Lewis, Phil. Comm. Arts, 596. The ashes … are brought to us, under the name of Spanish ashes or bariglia.

1769.  Mrs. Raffald, Eng. Housekpr. (1778), 275. To make *Spanish Biscuits. [Recipe follows.]

1839.  Ure, Dict. Arts, 341. When this cork [sc. the white cork of France] is burned in close vessels it forms the pigment called *Spanish black.

1660.  Albert Durer Revived, 15. *Spanish Brown is a dirty brown colour.

1703.  R. Neve, City & C. Purchaser, 215. Timber-works that are expos’d to the Weather, ought … to be Prim’d with Spanish-brown.

1732.  J. Peele, Water-Colours, 63. Shadow your Vermilion with Spanish brown.

1850.  Holtzapffel, Turning, III. 1313. The cement is … hardened with red ochre, or Spanish brown and whiting.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., 640. *Spanish-Burn. A specious method of hiding defects in timber, by chopping it in pieces.

1829.  Nat. Philos., Mechanics, II. viii. 36 (L.U.K.). In figs. 65, 66, are represented systems with two ropes and two moveable pullies, called *Spanish burtons.

1846.  A. Young, Naut. Dict., 55. A single Spanish burton, has three single blocks; or two single blocks and a hook fixed to one of the bights of the standing part of the tackle. A double Spanish burton, has one double and two single blocks.

1759.  Phil. Trans., LI. 41, note. My friend Mr. Dacosta shewed me a piece of *Spanish chalk.

1796.  Kirwan, Elem. Min. (ed. 2), I. 154. The steatites of China … is often called Spanish Chalk.

1893.  Alston & Walker, Seamanship (ed. 3), 116. *Spanish Clews … are made by serving the nettles round below the seizing, leaving one out on each side, at regular intervals.

1616.  B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, IV. iv. [To] aske for your piueti, *Spanish-cole, To burne, and sweeten a roome.

1785.  Grose, Dict. Vulgar T., *Spanish coin, fair words, and compliments.

1594.  Nashe, Unfort. Trav., Wks. (Grosart), V. 143. To see poore English asses how soberly they swallow *Spanish figges, deuour any hooke baited for them.

1611.  Cotgr., Verd de gris, verdigrease, a *Spanish greene.

1648.  Hexham, II. Spaensch Groen, Spanish Greene.

1803.  Med. Jrnl., X. 166. The insertion in the Schedule [of the Medicine Act of 1802] of such names as *Spanish juice, refined liquorice [etc.].

1869.  Oliver, Elem. Bot., II. 166. Spanish juice is the sweet extract of the Liquorice-root…, evaporated to dryness.

1750–.  *Spanish liquorice [see LIQUORICE 1].

1884.  E. L. Anderson, Mod. Horsemanship, II. xvii. 145. The *Spanish march should be practised at a very slow walk, and the horse well supported by the hand.

1699.  B. E., Dict. Cant. Crew, *Spanish money, fair Words and Compliments.

1788.  Grose, Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2), *Spanish Padlock, a kind of girdle contrived by jealous husbands of that nation, to secure the chastity of their wives.

1668.  Charleton, Onomast., 303. Bianca Alexandrina.… *Spanish Paint for Ladies.

1650.  Bulwer, Anthropomet., 155. The women of Spaine are also great painters, other Nations having learnt from them the use of *Spanish-paper. Ibid., 156 [see RUBRIC sb. 1 b].

1624.  Ford, Sun’s Darling, II. i. A French Gentleman that trayls a *Spanish pike, a Tailor.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., 640. *Spanish Reef. The yards lowered on the cap. Also, a knot tied in the head of the jib.

1876.  Preece & Sivewright, Telegraphy, 191. For light lines, on which the poles need not be inserted to a greater depth than four feet, the *Spanish Spoon answers the purpose for which it is intended very fairly.

c. 1532.  Du Wes, Introd. Fr., in Palsgr., 908. The *spanische sworde, la rapiere.

1884.  E. L. Anderson, Mod. Horsemanship, II. xvii. 143. The *Spanish Trot is an exaggerated action in which, at each stride, a fore-leg is thrust boldly to the front, and there is a poise or half halt as the horse is in air.

1785.  Grose, Dict. Vulgar T., *Spanish, or King of Spain’s Trumpeter, an ass when braying.

1852.  trans. Ida Pfeiffer’s Journ. Iceland, 56. Our decks were washed by a great many *Spanish waves. Note. The large waves which approach from the westward are called by the sailors Spanish waves or billows.

1857.  Dufferin, Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3), 22. Tumbling about on the top of the great Atlantic rollers—or Spanish waves, as they are called—until I thought the ship would roll the masts out of her.

1546.  Invent. Ch. Goods Sussex, 106. For *Spaynysch whytt, vj^s vj^d.

1686.  Phil. Trans., XVI. 26. Spanish white made of Chalk and Alum burnt together.

1799.  G. Smith, Laboratory, I. 313. This is the magistery of bismuth, used by ladies for a cosmetic; and is termed, by artists, Spanish white.

1825.  J. Nicholson, Operat. Mechanic, 755. The varnish,… when quite dry, [is] cleaned with starch or Spanish white.

1882.  Notes on Cerem. (ed. 2), 44, note. The very best white flour,… either that known as ‘Spanish whites,’ or else ‘Hungarian flour.’

1846.  A. Young, Naut. Dict., 290. *Spanish-windlass. A wooden roller having a rope wound about it, through the bight of which rope an iron bolt is inserted as a lever for heaving it round.

c. 1860.  H. Stuart, Seaman’s Catech., 29. Heave both parts of the strop together with a Spanish windlass.

1875.  Carpentry & Join., 15. The mahogany being what is often called cedar, to distinguish it from the very hard *Spanish wood.

1892.  Photogr. Ann., II. 301. This camera is … made of Spanish wood.

1678.  Phillips (ed. 4), *Spanish-Wool, a parcel of Wool so coloured by Spanish Art, and therefore so called, that it imparts its tincture to Ladies [etc.].

1838.  Penny Mag., 1 Dec., 467/2. Two other preparations, called Spanish wool and Oriental wool, have been long known to … the dealers and consumers of rouge.

1785.  Grose, Dict. Vulgar T., *Spanish worm, a nail, so called by carpenters when they meet one in a board they are sawing.

  8.  In the specific names or designations of animals, birds, fish, etc.

  A number of others, chiefly West Indian and Bermudan fish names, are given in recent American Dicts.

  (a)  1668.  Charleton, Onomast., 74. Perdix Ruffa … the Spanish Partridge.

a. 1705.  Ray, Syn. Avium & Piscium (1713), 184. Icterus minor nidum suspendens…. The Watchy Picket, or Spanish Nightingale. The American Hang-nest.

1731.  Albin, Nat. Hist. Birds, I. 87. The Spanish Goose, or Swan Goose. Anser cygnoides.

1781.  Pennant, Genera Birds, Pl. 13. Spanish Duck.

1849.  D. J. Browne, Amer. Poultry Yd., 25. In the Spanish fowl, the comb is more developed than in any other breed.

1854.  Meall, Moubray’s Poultry, 248. Spanish Runt.—Described as the largest of the Runts.

1894–5.  Lydekker, Roy. Nat. Hist., III. 393. The Spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis) replaces the English bird in many parts of the Mediterranean region.

  (b)  1648.  Hexham, II. Een Spaensche Zee-katte, a Spanish Cat.

a. 1672–.  Spanish mackerel [see MACKEREL¹ 2].

1836.  Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, I. 104. The Spanish Bream, Pagellus erythrinus.

1882.  Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fishes N. Amer., 669. Sebastodes rubrivinctus, Spanish Flag. Ibid., 887. Clupea pseudohispanica, Spanish Sardine. Ibid., 939. Scarus radians, Spanish Porgy.

1885.  Lady Brassey, The Trades, xvii. 406 The bright little blue and yellow Spanish angel-fish [Holocanthus tricolor].

1888.  Goode, Amer. Fishes, 205. In this limpid pool were many gorgeously-colored species,… the rainbow-fish, the Spanish-lady [Bodianus rufus].

  (c)  1787.  Young’s Ann. Agric., VIII. 197. Four shepherds, and from four to six large Spanish dogs.

1801.  Shaw, Gen. Zool., II. II. 391. The principal distinction of the Spanish Sheep is the fineness of the fleece, and the horizontally extended spire of the horns.

1827.  Griffith, trans. Cuvier, V. 172. Spanish Cat…. Fur short; feet and lips flesh-colour. Ibid. (1831), IX. Syn. 35. Spanish Lizard, Lacerta (Psammodromus) Hispanicus.

1837.  [see POINTER 4].

1884.  Goode, Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim., 837. We are informed by a large importer that the Spanish Leech was a small green Leech brought here occasionally … by sea-captains.

1894.  Lydekker, Roy. Nat. Hist., II. 237. The Spanish wild goat inhabits the Pyrenees [etc.]. Ibid. (1896), V. 71. The Spanish terrapin (Clemmys leprosa), of Spain and North-Western Africa.

  b.  Esp. Spanish fly, = CANTHARIDES. Also fig.

  So Du. spaansche vlieg, G. spanische fliege, F. mouche d’Espagne, etc.

a. 1634.  Chapman, Alphonsus, III. i. 179. Drink not, Prince Palatine, throw it on the ground. It is not good to trust his Spanish flies.

1681.  Grew, Musæum, I. § vii. ii. 168. The common slender Spanish-Fly. Cantharis vulgaris.

1712.  Arbuthnot, John Bull, Postscr. He procured Spanish flies to blister his neighbours.

1815.  Kirby & Sp., Entomol., x. (1818), I. 317. Another species of Mylabris…, which is fully as efficacious as the common Spanish fly.

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 105. The Canthárides, or Spanish blister-flies, are an essential article of medicine.

1861.  Hulme, trans. Moquin-Tandon, II. III. iii. 128. Common Cantharides.… Commonly called Cantharides of the shops, Spanish fly, Cantharides fly.

  transf.  1823.  Byron, Juan, IX. xxviii. None, save the Spanish fly and Attic bee, As yet are strongly stinging to be free.

  9.  In the names of plants, trees, etc., denoting either varieties or distinct species found in Spain or Spanish America (esp. the West Indies), as Spanish arbor-vine, ash, briar, campion, cane, cardon, catchfly, coffee, oak, onion, etc.

  Spanish bayonet (see BAYONET sb. 5). S. bean, (a) a variety of broad bean; (b) U.S., the scarlet runner (Cent. Dict., 1891). S. beard, U.S., the epiphytic plant, Tillandsia usneoides, of the Southern States; long-beard. † S. bell, some garden flower, ? Campanula hispanica (cf. G. spanische glocke). S. chestnut, cress (see quots.). S. dagger (see quot.). S. elm, an evergreen timber-tree (Cordia Geraschanthus) of the West Indies. S. garlic, the rocambole. S. grass, Esparto grass. S. hedge-nettle (see quot.). S. iris, a bulbous iris of the genus Xiphium, esp. X. vulgare (formerly Iris Xiphium). S. moss, = Spanish beard. S. needles, the American plant Bidens bipinnata or its prickly fruit. S. nut, (a) an iridaceous plant, Moræa sisyrinchium, the bulbs of which are eaten in Spain; (b) a variety of hazel-nut, Corylus colurna. † S. pick-tooth (see quot.). S. plum, = PLUM sb. 3 b. S. potato: (see POTATO sb. 3 a). S. soldier, = SPANIARD 3 a. † S. trumpet, the jonquil. S. viper’s grass, scorzonera, esp. S. hispanica or black salsify. See also SPANISH BROOM.

  A number of others are given in recent American Dicts., as Spanish berries, bluebell, buckeye, etc.

1731.  Miller, Gard. Dict., s.v. Convolvulus, Great American Bindweed…, commonly call’d *Spanish Arbor-Vine, or Spanish Woodbind.

1846.  Lindley, Veg. Kingd., 631. Ipomœa tuberosa, the Spanish Arbour Vine of Jamaica.

1716.  Petiveriana, I. 178. *Spanish Ash…. Caroba Barbad.

1856.  A. Gray, Man. Bot., 472. Yucca gloriosa and Y. aloifolia (*Spanish Bayonet).

1865–.  [see BAYONET 5].

1706.  London & Wise, Retir’d Gard., 96. *Spanish, Sandwich, Windsor Beans.

1784.  Smyth, Tour in U.S., I. 372. Another very singular and striking appearance is a kind of Moss, here [Mississippi] called *Spanish Beards.

1812.  Brackenridge, Views of Louisiana (1814), 42. The long moss, or Spanish beard, begins to be seen below the Arkansas.

1867.  Latham, Black & White, 118. The white oaks and cypresses in the swamps are hung with ‘Indian moss,’ also called ‘Spanish beard,’ a grey pendent lichen.

1664.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 215. August. Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting…. *Spanish Bells [etc.].

1716.  Petiveriana, I. 177. Barbadoes *Spanish Briar.

1731.  Miller, Gard. Dict., s.v. Lychnis, *Spanish Campion, with a red Valerian Leaf, and a purplish Flower.

1703.  Art’s Improv., I. 63. A slip of hollow *Spannish-Cane, brought to a smooth and sharp edge.

1699.  Evelyn, Acetaria, 10. The *Spanish Cardon, a wild and smaller Artichoak, with sharp pointed Leaves.

1707.  Mortimer, Husb., 450. Cardons Spanish are only propagated by Seed that is of a longish Oval form.

1738.  Phil. Trans., XL. 457. Lychnis Viscosa…. Anglicè *Spanish Catch-fly.

1664.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 207. Cherries…, the Common Cherry, *Spanish Black.

1733.  W. Ellis, Chiltern & Vale Farm., 145. There are many sorts of Cherries, as the … Spanish, Amber, Nonsuch.

1699.  Evelyn, Acetaria, 18. The sweet aromatick *Spanish Chervile.

1762.  Ann. Reg., I. 119. For sowing the greatest number of *Spanish chesnut-trees.

1843.  Holtzapffel, Turning, I. 80. The sweet, or Spanish chesnut, is very much like oak.

1880.  Bessey, Botany, 478. Castanea vesca, the so-called Spanish Chestnut, is a native of Asia Minor and the region eastward to the Himalayas.

1831.  Audubon, Ornith., I. 181. The wild *Spanish Coffee (Cassia occidentalis) … grows chiefly in old fields in the Southern States.

1887.  Bentley, Man. Bot., 567. Peeled Colocynth … is commonly known as Turkey Colocynth, but that imported from France and Spain is sometimes distinguished as French and *Spanish Colocynth.

1823.  Crabb, Technol. Dict., II. s.v., *Spanish Cress, the Vella annua, an annual.

1829.  Loudon, Encycl. Plants, 552. Lepidium Cardámines, Spanish Cress.

1866.  Treas. Bot., 1075/2. *Spanish dagger, a West Indian name for Yucca aloifolia.

1758.  P. Browne, Jamaica, 170. *Spanish Elm or Prince-wood … is … one of the best timber woods [etc.].

1829.  Loudon, Encycl. Plants, 150. Cordia Geraschánthus, Spanish-elm.

1707.  Mortimer, Husb. (1721), II. 163. Rocamboles are a sort of wild Garlick, otherwise called *Spanish Garlick.

1852.  G. W. Johnson, Cott. Gard. Dict., 781. Rocambole,… sometimes called Spanish Garlic.

1884.  trans. De Candolle’s Orig. Cultivated Pl., 250. The principal varieties of Cucurbita maxima are the great yellow gourd,… the *Spanish gourd, the turban gourd.

1867.  Ure’s Dict. Arts (ed. 6), II. 237. Esparto or *Spanish Grass.

1823.  Crabb, Technol. Dict., II. s.v., *Spanish Hedge Nettle, the Prasium, a shrub.

1863.  Chambers’ Encycl., V. 629/2. I. xiphium, sometimes called *Spanish I[ris].

1880.  Encycl. Brit., XIII. 276/2. The garden plants known as the Spanish iris and the English iris are both of Spanish origin.

1664.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 201. Prune now your *Spanish Jasmine.

1707.  [see JASMINE 1 a. β].

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 617. The *Spanish lentil, and the tuberous Lathyrus.

1706.  London & Wise, Retir’d Gard., 95. Red *Spanish Lettuce.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., s.v. Lychnis, The capillaceous leaved *Spanish lychnis.

1856.  Olmsted, Slave States, 373. The trees were hung with the long, waving drapery of the tyllindria [sic], or *Spanish moss.

1884.  Evangelical Mag., Feb., 60. We have the ‘Old Man’s Beard,’ or Spanish Moss of American Forests.

1846–50.  A. Wood, Class-bk. Bot., 346. Bidens bipinnata, *Spanish Needles.

1866.  Treas. Bot., 1075/2. Spanish needles, a name given in the West Indies to the fruits of a species of Bidens.

1597.  Gerarde, Herbal, I. lxviii. 94. *Spanish Nut hath smal grassie leaues.

1664.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 205. Ladies Slipper, Stock Gilly Flower, Spanish Nut [etc.].

1760.  J. Lee, Introd. Bot., App. 320. Nut, Spanish, Iris.

1785.  Martyn, Lett. Elem. Bot., xxviii. (1794), 442. The stipules … of the Byzantine or Spanish nut, which Linnæus gives as a distinct species, are linear.

1829.  Loudon, Encycl. Plants, 46. Moræa sisyrinchium, Spanish-nut.

1716.  Petiveriana, I. 179. *Spanish Oak…. Caroba Barbad tetraphylla. Ibid. (1717), III. 204. Spanish Oak. Splits very well into Clap-boards and Ladders.

1852.  Morfit, Tanning & Currying (1853), 98. Quercus Falcata … [is] known in Delaware, Maryland and Virginia by the name of Spanish oak.

1706.  London & Wise, Retir’d Gard., 93. Red [and] white *Spanish Onion.

1763.  Mills, System Pract. Husb., IV. 34. The Spanish onion is most esteemed for it’s mildness as well as size.

1806.  A. Hunter, Culina (ed. 3), 159. Take four Spanish, or Portugal onions.

1647.  Hexham, I. (Herbs), Pepper wort, or *Spanish Pepper.

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 607. The annual capsicum, the Spanish, or Guinea pepper, C. ánnuum L., a native of South America.

1706.  Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Spanish Pick-tooth, a sort of Herb.

1823.  Crabb, Technol. Dict., II. s.v. Spondias, The species are trees, as the … Purple Hog-Plum, or *Spanish Plum.

1864.  Grisebach, Flora Brit. W. Ind., 787/2. Spanish-plum: Spondias purpurea.

1706.  London & Wise, Retir’d Gard., 93. Black [and] White *Spanish Radish.

1731.  Miller, Gard. Dict., s.v. Raphanus, Great round black Radish, commonly call’d The Spanish Radish.

1786.  Abercrombie, Gard. Assist., 238. Cuttings of common, or *Spanish reed. Ibid. (1767), Ev. Man his own Gardener (1803), 671. Apples.… Italian apple, *Spanish rennet, Canada rennet [etc.].

1707.  *Spanish salsify [see SALSIFY b].

1819.  Pantologia, X. s.v. Scorzonera, *Spanish scorzonera, or garden viper’s-grass.

1901.  Gardener, 12 Jan., 1048. Close by … is a *Spanish Soldier…, stiff and pointed with its three-cornered stem-like leaves.

1882.  Garden, 27 Sept., 372/1. Two or three others … continue in beauty till the first flowers of the *Spanish Squill expand.

1822.  Hortus Anglicus, II. 104. Thymus Zygis. White *Spanish Thyme.

1591.  Percivall, Span. Dict., Mielgas, *spanish trefoyle, Herba medica.

1623.  Minsheu, Mielgas, an herbe called Spanish trefoile, or three leafed grasse.

1664.  Evelyn, Kal. Hort. (1729), 196. March Flowers in Prime, or yet lasting,… *Spanish Trumpets or Junquils [etc.].

1852.  G. W. Johnson, Cott. Gard Dict., 837. *Spanish Viper’s Grass, Scorzonera.

1875.  *Spanish willow [see SPANIARD 3 b].

1731.  *Spanish woodbine [see S. arbor-vine above].

  10.  Comb., as Spanish-barrelled, -born, -built, -speaking, etc., adjs.

a. 1628.  F. Greville, Life Sidney (1907), 104. Resolutely oppose those Spanish-born, or Spanish-sworn Tyrannies.

c. 1677.  in Marvell, Growth Popery (1678), 61. A Spanish built Ship.

1812.  Scott, Lett., in Lockhart (1839), III. 390. I have got Rob Roy’s gun, a long Spanish-barrelled piece. Ibid. (1818), Rob Roy, xxxi. Levelling their long Spanish-barrelled guns.

1871.  Kingsley, At Last, x. A shrewd Spanish-speaking schoolmaster.

1875.  Ruskin, Fors Clav., lvi. Mr. Peter Domecq was, I believe, Spanish born.

  B.  sb. or ellipt. 1. The Spanish language.

1485.  Caxton, Malory’s Arthur, Pref. 2. Bookes … as wel in duche, ytalyen, spaynysshe, and grekysshe as in frensshe.

1545.  Raynald, Byrth Mankynde, Prol. C viii. To speke dutche, frenche, spanissh, and dyuers other langages.

a. 1568.  Ascham, Scholem., II. (Arb.), 147. Translating the Vlisses of Homer out of Greke into Spanish.

1623.  Minsheu, Span. Gram., Proem. Spanish is a speech, whereof in times past (in Spaine) there hath beene foure kinds vsed.

1642.  Howell, For. Trav. (Arb.), 39. The Spanish is nought else but mere Latine, take a few Morisco words away.

1706.  Stevens, Sp. & Eng. Dict., Pref. Neither can I allow Spanish to be as generally call’d a Corruption of Latin.

1797.  Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3), XIV. 564/1. In Spanish, we have many old Gothic words.

1842.  Borrow, Bible in Spain, iii. The magnificent tones of the Spanish sounded to great advantage amidst the shrill squeaking dialect of Portugal.

  2.  In various elliptical or absolute uses:

  a.  Spanish persons or people; Spaniards. rare^–1. † b. Spanish snuff, usually plain Spanish. Obs. c. (The) Spanish, hard cash, money. slang. d. Spanish bonds or stock.

  a.  1660.  F. Brooke, trans. Le Blanc’s Trav., 347. There is a large river … which some Spanish were about to crosse.

  b.  1681.  Colvil, Whigs Supplic. (1751), 119. Then hope triumphs, and fear doth vanish, Like grief, when it’s expell’d by Spanish.

1698.  Farquhar, Love & a Bottle, II. ii. Wks. 1892, I. 35. The three divisions of his head were filled with orangery, bergamot, and plain Spanish.

1709.  Steele, Tatler, No. 1, ¶ 3. Allowing him some Plain Spanish.

1748.  Smollett, R. Random, xxxix. Her upper-lip contained a large quantity of plain Spanish.

  c.  1788.  Grose, Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 2), Spanish, the Spanish; ready money.

1806.  Surr, Winter in Lond., II. 122. He helps the flats out of their Spanish.

1811.  Sporting Mag., XXXVII. 303. After extracting the Spanish from all his sporting acquaintance.

a. 1814.  Sailors’ Ret., II. iii. in New Brit. Theatre, II. 342. I wish you would rather give the hard Spanish.

1869.  Punch, 10 July, 11/2.

  d.  1841.  Thackeray, Gt. Hoggarty Diamond, ii. The young stockbrokers used to tell us of immense bargains in Spanish, Greek, and Columbians.

  C.  adv. To walk Spanish, to (cause to) walk under compulsion, properly with some one holding the collar and the seat of the trousers. U.S.

1848.  Lowell, Biglow P., Ser. I. No. ii. To … walk him Spanish clean right out o’ all his homes an’ houses.

1890.  Voice (N.Y.), 14 Aug. [They] were hustled out of the country on an hour’s notice, made to ‘walk Spanish’ in fact.