Litho-

before a vowel lith-, combining form of Gr. λίθος stone, in many scientific terms (the more important appear as main words): ǁ Lithobiblion Geol. [Gr. βίβλιον book], a laminated schistose rock; a bibliolite (Webster, 1828–32). Lithobiotic a. [Gr. βιωτικός, f. βίος life], pertaining to the natural state of crystals, minerals and stones (Mayne, Expos. Lex., 1856); hence Lithobiotism, the hidden or undeveloped existence of crystals, etc. (ibid.). Lithocarp [Gr. κάρπος fruit], ‘a fossil or petrified fruit; a carpolite’ (Webster, 1828–32). Lithochrysography [Gr. χρυσός gold + -GRAPHY], printing in gold on stone. † Lithocol, -colla [Gr. κόλλα glue]: see quot. Lithocoralline [CORALLINE], pertaining to or having the character of the Lithocorallia or stone-corals. (In recent Dicts.) Lithocystotomy Surg. [CYSTOTOMY] = LITHOTOMY (Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., 1890). ǁ Lithodialysis Surg. [DIALYSIS], an operation by which stone in the bladder is dissolved (Mayne); hence Lithodialytic a., pertaining to lithodialysis (ibid.). Lithofellic, -fellinic adjs. Chem. [L. fel gall, bile], the designation of an acid which is a large constituent of bezoars. ǁ Lithofracteur [Fr. (L. fractor breaker)], an explosive compound of nitroglycerine, used for blasting. Lithofractor (L. fractor breaker) LITHOCLAST (Syd. Soc. Lex., 1889). Lithogenesis, -genesy [-GENESIS, Gr. -γενεσία], that department of mineralogy which treats of the formation of stones. Lithogenous a. [Gr. -γενής producing + -OUS], stone-producing: applied to those animals that produce coral. Lithogeny Path. [see -GENY], the formation of calculi (Syd. Soc. Lex., 1889). Litholabe, also in mod.L. form + -labon Surg. [late Gr. λιθολάβος, f. λαβ- to seize, take], an instrument for extracting stone from the bladder or for holding it while being operated upon. Litholapaxy Surg. [Gr. λάπαξις evacuation], an operation for crushing stone in the bladder and evacuating it. Litholatry [see -LATRY], stone-worship (Ogilvie, 1882); so Litholatrous a., stone-worshipping (Cent. Dict.). Litholeine [L. oleum oil + -INE⁵], ‘a yellow oily liquid distilled from petroleum, used in eczema and parasitic skin-diseases’ (Cent. Dict.). ǁ Litholysis Surg. [Gr. λῦσις solution] the dissolving of stone in the bladder by means of lithotriptic injections (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence Litholyte [G. -λυτης solvent], ‘a form of catheter for conveying solvents of calculi into the bladder’ (Knight, Dict. Mech., 1875); Litholytic a., pertaining to litholysis (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Lithometer, an instrument for measuring the size of a stone in the bladder (ibid.); also attrib. Lithomyl [Gr. μύλη mill], an instrument devised for reducing calculi to powder; hence Lithomyly, the use of the lithomyl (ibid.). Lithonephritis Path. [NEPHRITIS], calculous inflammation of the kidney (ibid.), Lithonephrotomy Surg. = NEPHROLITHOTOMY (Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., 1890). ǁ Lithopædion, -ium [Gr. παιδίον little child], a dead extra-uterine fœtus, impregnated with calcareous matter. Lithophagous a. [Gr. -φάγος eating], stone-eating: applied esp. to mollusks that bore through stones. ǁ Lithophagus, a stone-eater; pl. (-i), lithophagous animals. Lithophane [Gr. -φανής appearing], a kind of ornamentation produced by impressing upon porcelain-glass in a soft state figures that are made visible by transmitted light (Ogilvie, 1882); so Lithophanic a., pertaining to lithophane or lithophany; Lithophany [cf. F. lithophanie], the art of making ornamented glass of this kind. Lithophilous a. [-φιλος loving], applied to insects living in stony places and to plants growing upon rocks (Mayne, Expos. Lex., 1856, and Syd. Soc. Lex.). Lithophosphor [PHOSPHOR], a stone that becomes phosphorescent when heated (Webster, 1828–32); hence Lithophosphoric a., becoming phosphorescent when heated (Craig, 1848). Lithophotography = PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY, ǁ Lithophthisis Path. [PHTHISIS], the stage of tubercular phthisis in which calcareous concretions are present in the lungs (Mayne). Lithophyll Palæont. [Gr. φύλλον leaf], a fossil leaf or the impression of a leaf, or a stone containing such a leaf or its impression (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ǁ Lithophysa, Lithophyse [Gr. φῦσα bellows], a spherulite having a concentrically chambered structure (Cent. Dict.). Lithoscope Surg. [see -SCOPE], an instrument used to determine the size and form of a calculus (Mayne). † Lithoscopist, ? one who examines stones. Lithosphere [SPHERE], a term (corresponding to atmosphere and hydrosphere) used by some to designate the crust of the earth. Lithotheology, natural theology as illustrated by the study of stones. Lithotint [TINT sb.], the art or process of printing tinted pictures from lithographic stones; a picture so printed. ǁ Lithuresis, -uria Path. [Gr. οὔρησις, ουρία urination], the passing of small calculi with the urine (Mayne, Expos. Lex., 1856). ǁ Lithurorrhœa, calculous diabetes (ibid.).

1845.  Ford, Handbk. Sp., I. II. 361. This new style of printing in Gold and colours on stone, this *‘Lithochrysography’ and ‘Lithocromatography.’

1696.  Phillips (ed. 5), *Lithocol, the Cement with which the Stones are fastned, when they are cut, under the Grindstone; made of Pitch, Resin, and old Brick. Ibid. (1706), (ed. Kersey), *Lithocolla.

1839–47.  Todd, Cycl. Anat., III. 805/1. *Lithofellic acid.

1852.  Fownes’ Chem. (1859), 566. Oriental bezoar stones … consist essentially of a … *lithofellinic acid.

1875.  Knight, Dict. Mech., *Lithofracteur.

1883.  Times, 24 Nov., 7/2. They did not contain dynamite, lithofracteur, or any similar nitroglycerine compounds.

1828–32.  Webster (citing Dict. Nat. Hist.), *Lithogenesy.

1832.  Lyell, Princ. Geol., II. 283. The operations of *lithogenous polyps.

1846.  Brittan, trans. Malgaigne’s Man. Oper. Surg., 534. Push the external canula as far forwards as possible on the *litholabe.

1731.  Bailey, vol. II. *Litholabon.

1878.  Bigelow, in Trans. Lond. Clinical Soc., XII. 24. This method, which I have called *litholapaxy, its peculiar feature being evacuation.

1891.  trans. De La Saussaye’s Man. Sci. Relig., xii. 89. Tree worship is as widely spread as *litholatry.

1856.  R. Druitt, Surgeon’s Vade Mecum, IV. xx. (ed. 7), 576. *Litholysis, or solution of stone.

1860.  in Lancet, 25 Aug., 185. (title), Calculus in the Bladder treated by Litholysis.

1876.  Gross, Dis. Bladder, 221. Sect. II. Litholysis.

1842.  R. Willis, Stone in Bladder, i. 30. The stone in the bladder was caught … by means of a *lithometer.

1895.  Erichsen, Sci. & Art Surg. (ed. 10), II. 1077. Lithometer Sound for measuring Stone.

1822.  Good, Study Med., IV. 257. An osseous or almost stony mass, which has been distinguished by the name of osteopædion or *lithopædion.

1896.  Allbutt’s Syst. Med., I. 195. The *lithopædium of extra-uterine gestation.

1828–32.  Webster, *Lithophagous.

1835–6.  Todd, Cycl. Anat., I. 704/1. The lithophagous … Conchifera.

1827.  Mirror, I. 8. There was brought to Avignon a true *lithophagus, or stone-eater.

1833.  Lyell, Princ. Geol., III. Gloss. Lithophagi, molluscous animals which bore into solid stones.

1828.  Specif. Patent, No. 5626. *Lithophanic china.

1861.  F. Joubert, in Jrnl. Soc. Arts, IX. 500/2. A process known as *lithophany, or transparent china, or biscuit slabs.

1854.  Fairholt, Dict. Terms Art, *Lithophotography, the modern art of producing prints from lithographic stones, by means of photographic pictures developed on their surface.

1892.  Athenæum, 21 May, 670/3. The *Lithophyses in the Obsidian of the Rocche Rosse, Lipari.

1693.  E. Lhuyd, Lett., 18 April, in Gentl. Mag. (1822), XCII. I. 318. I have been all this while expecting the return of our *Lithoscopist.

1887.  Times, 6 Sept., 11/3. The form of the *lithosphere and the material of its surface.

1900.  Pop. Sci. Monthly, LVI. 436. Thus were formed the oceanic basin and the continental arches of the lithosphere.

1869.  Baring-Gould, Orig. Relig. Belief (1878), II. i. 17. There has been an astrotheology, a *lithotheology, a petinotheology [etc.].

1892.  A. B. Bruce, Apologetics, I. v. 117. Books appeared on bronto-theology, seismo-theology, litho-theology, phyto-theology.

1843.  Harding & Hall, Baron. Halls Eng., Pref. The prints which illustrate this work are executed in *Lithotint,… that is to say, they are drawn on stone with the brush.

1853.  Kane, Grinnell Exp., xxii. (1856), 171. Lieutenant Brown, whose admirably artistic sketches I had seen in Haghe’s lithotints.

1879.  T. Bryant, Pract. Surg., II. 90. It is safer to attribute *lithuria to dyspepsia.