adv. and a. Also 6 landewarde, Sc. 5–8 landwart, 8 landart, 9 -ert. [f. LAND sb.: see -WARD.]
A. adv.
1. In phrases with preps.
† a. To landward, in (the) landward: in the country, as opposed to the town. Sc.
1424. Sc. Acts Jas. I, c. 21 (1814), II. 8/1. Þai … sall haue a certane takyn to landwart of þe schireff & in burowis of þe aldermen & þe balȝeis. Ibid. (1457), 49/1. Within burowis and commonys to landwart.
1536. Bellenden, Cron. Scot., XII. v. (1821), II. 264. Ane vailyeant and lusty man, of greter curage and spreit than ony man that was nurist in landwart, as he was.
a. 1572. Knox, Hist. Ref., Wks. 1846, I. 276. Alsweall within townes as to landwarte.
1753. Scots Mag., April, 203/1. No part of the parish is to landward.
b. To (the) landward: towards or in the direction of the land; on or to the land side (of).
c. 1450. St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 631. Whils þai wer þus to landward boune.
1500–20. Dunbar, Poems, xxxix. 17. In burghis, to landwart and to sie.
1555. Eden, Decades, 352. Vppon the innermoste necke to the landewarde is a tufte of trees.
1625. K. Long, trans. Barclay’s Argenis, II. i. 68. Where the mountaine looks to landward of the ile.
a. 1674. Milton, Hist. Mosc., Wks. 1738, II. 129. To the Land-ward [stand] Mezen and Slobotca…: To Seaward lies the Cape of Candinos.
1725. De Foe, Voy. round World (1840), 65. As for fortifications to the landward, they had none.
1853. Kane, Grinnell Exp., xii. (1856), 86. Except to landward, there is nothing to arrest the eye.
1876. T. Hardy, Ethelberta (1890), 26. On the broad moor to landward of the town.
2. Towards the land; = 1 b.
1610. Holland, Camden’s Brit., I. 318. Couched betweene a high cliffe sea-ward and as high an hill land-ward.
1816. Wordsw., Ode, ‘Imagination—ne’er before content,’ 13. A sudden shower That land-ward stretches from the sea.
1868–70. Morris, Earthly Par., I. 237. Landward she saw the low green meadows lie.
1873. Black, Pr. Thule, vi. 90. Deep and narrow valleys, that ran landward.
3. Sc. In the country; = 1 a. rare.
1827. Scott, Surg. Dau., i. Within burgh, and not landward.
B. adj.
1. Sc. Belonging to, inhabiting the country; country-, rustic.
1533. Bellenden, Livy, I. (1822), 5. It wes callit eftir Pagus, that is to say, ane landwart towne.
1585. Jas. I., Ess. Poesie (Arb.), 63. Gif zour purpose be of landwart effairis, To vse corruptit and vplandis wordis.
1596. Dalrymple, trans. Leslie’s Hist. Scot., X. 344. The burgessis, and landwart men.
1637–50. Row, Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.), 24. The communion to be celebrated within burghs four times in the yeare, in landwart twise.
1649. Bp. Guthrie, Mem. (1702), 54. A Landward Kirk in Galloway.
1676. W. Row, Contn. Blair’s Autobiog., x. (1848), 168. The common people in the landward round about the town.
17[?]. Ramsay, Birth of Drumlanrig, ii. Some landart lass. Ibid. (1725), Gent. Sheph., IV. ii. I’ve shook off my landwart cast In foreign cities.
1816. Scott, Old Mort., viii. The door was locked, as is usual in landward towns in this country. Note, A landward town is a dwelling situated in the country.
1854. H. Miller, Sch. & Schm. (1858), 362. The landward contemporaries of my grandfather.
1876. Grant, Burgh Sch. Scot., II. ii. 127. The town councils generally took more interest in the welfare of a school … than the landward heritors.
2. Lying or situated towards the land (as opposed to the sea); occas. belonging to the land.
1845. Stocqueler, Handbk. Brit. India (1854), 129. The Upper and Lower Circular Roads, which nearly encompass the city on its eastern or landward side.
1859. R. F. Burton, Centr. Afr., in Jrnl. Geogr. Soc., XXIX. 436. The tree … ceases to be found at any distance beyond the landward counterslope, and it is unknown in the interior.
1865. Reader, 2 Sept., 253/2. This barbarian innocency on the part of our landward population as to the teeming plenty of the deep.
1881. J. Grant, Cameronians, I. i. 16. On the landward side the view was different.
3. Comb. landward-bred a. (Sc.), country-bred.
1816. Scott, Old Mort., xiv. I am landward-bred.
1893. Stevenson, Catriona, 7. If you are landward bred it will be different.
Hence Landwardness (landertness) Sc., rusticity.
1882. Stevenson, Fam. Stud. 61. He [sc. Burns] affected a rusticity or landertness.
