Kindred

sb. and a. Forms: α. 2 cunredden, 2–3 kun-, cunn-, 3–5 kyn-, kin-, -reden(e, -redin, -yn, -raden, -radin, 5 -redynge, -radone, -oun; 3 kindreden. β. 3 cun-, kun-, 3–6 kyn-, 3–7 kin-, 4–5 ken-, 4–6 kynne-, kinne-, 5–7 kine-, 3–5 -rede, 3–7 -red, (4 -rade, 6 -raid, -reid); 4, 6– kindred, (6 kyndrede, 6 -reade, 7 kindered). γ. 5–6 (Sc.) kyn-, kinrent. [Early ME. f. KIN¹ + -rēden, -RED, OE. rǽden, condition, reckoning. The occasional early ME. variant kindred(en may have been a parallel formation on kynde, KIND sb.; but the modern kindred, which first became common in the 17th c., appears to have arisen through phonetic development of d between n and r, as in thunder, Hendry, etc.]

  A.  sb. 1. The being of kin; relationship by blood or descent (occasionally, but incorrectly, by marriage); kinship.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 83. Hie giuen here elmesse noht for godes luue, ac for neheboreden oðer for kinraden.

1297.  R. Glouc. (Rolls), 9552. Þe kunrede iproued was, so þat king lowis þere & elianore is quene vor kunrede departed were.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), V. 29. Þese tweyne were y-ioyned to gidres boþe by kynrede and affinite.

1393.  Langl., P. Pl., C. XI. 258. Of kyn ne of kynredene a-counteþ men bote lytel.

1483.  Cath. Angl., 203/2. A kynredynge cognacio, consanguenitas, geneologia [etc.].

1587.  Golding, De Mornay, xvi. 253. The kinred that is betweene all men, deriued from the father of their Soules, moueth vs very little, but the vile kinred of the flesh moueth vs very much.

1632.  Heywood, 1st Pt. Iron Age, V. 1. Wks. 1874, III. 339. Wee plead not kinred Or neare propinquity.

1678.  Butler, Hud., III. iii. 451. Tho’ we’re all as near of Kindred As th’ outward man is to the Inward.

1776.  Paine, Com. Sense (1791), 49. Every day wears out the little remains of kindred between us and them.

1874.  Green, Short Hist., iii. § 7. 148. A secret match with … the King’s sister … raised him to kindred with the throne.

  b.  fig. Affinity in respect of qualities; resemblance, agreement.

1577.  B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb. (1586), 60 b. The smoke, for the Kinred it hath with the Onyon.

1638.  Rouse, Heav. Univ., iv. (1702), 29. Yet have we other fruits that by some kindred may seem to counterfeit som Lineaments of that taste.

1850.  Tennyson, In Mem., lxxiv. I … know Thy likeness to the wise below, Thy kindred with the great of old.

  2.  A group or body of persons related to each other by blood; a family, clan, tribe, etc.; = KIN¹ 1, KIND sb. 11. Now rare. † The human kindred, the human race (obs.).

c. 1175.  Lamb. Hom., 141. Þa twelf kunreden sculden þermide heore þurst kelen.

c. 1250.  Gen. & Ex., 4127. Ðo twelue kinderedes … He gaf bliscing.

13[?].  K. Alis., 6423. Unlossom is that kynrede.

1382.  Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 30. Alle kynredis [gloss or lynagis], of erthe schulen weyle.

1480.  Caxton, Chron. Eng., cxcvii. 175. One kynred had no more pite of that other than an hungary wolfe hath of a shepe.

c. 1532.  Du Wes, Introd. Fr., in Palsgr., 1065. To dye for the humaine kyndred.

1674.  N. Fairfax, Bulk & Selv., To Rdr. A patcht up Tongue from Lands and Kinreds round about.

1874.  Stubbs, Const. Hist., I. iii. 57. The little territory of Dithmarschen was colonised by two kindreds from Friesland and two from Saxony.

  † b.  The family, offspring or descendants of a specified ancestor; = KIN¹ 1 b, KIND sb. 11 b. Obs.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 6624. Als was þe kinred o sir leui. Ibid. (c. 1340), 10730 (Gött.). Þe kin of dauid kindred all.

c. 1330.  R. Brunne, Chron. (1810), 9. Kynewolf, of the kynred of Adelardes blode.

c. 1400.  Maundev. (Roxb.), vi. 22. He was successour of Macomete and of his kynredyn.

1513.  Douglas, Æneis, I. v. 39. Bot we thi bluide, thy kinrent and afspryng … Hes lossit our schippis.

1581.  Marbeck, Bk. of Notes, 323. Vnder the title of Circumcision and the kinred of Abraham.

1662.  J. Davies, trans. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass., 208. To signifie that they were of the posterity and kinred of their Prophet Aaly.

  † c.  A generation; = KIN¹ 1 c, KIND sb. 11 c. Obs.

a. 1340.  Hampole, Psalter ix. 28. I sall noght be stirid fra getynge in getynge [v.r. kynreden into kynreden].

c. 1380.  Wyclif, Sel. Wks., II. 405. Þis kynrede shal not passen til alle þingis be doon.

1450.  Paston Lett., I. 122. That youre blood may … from kynrede to kynrede multeplye.

1450–1530.  Myrr. Our Ladye, 160. Hys mercy ys from kynred in to kynredes.

  † d.  Descent, pedigree; = KIN¹ 1 d, KIND sb. 11 d. Kindred’s tree, a genealogical tree. Obs.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), IV. 289. Þe genelegies of þe Hebrewes and rekenynge of kynrede [v.r. kynrad] of oþer naciouns were i-write in bookes.

1598.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. ii. III. 543. So far the branches of his fruitfull Bed Past all the names of Kinreds-Tree did spread.

  † 3.  Race, family, or stock, from which one springs; KIN¹ 2, KIND sb. 12. Obs.

c. 1250.  Meid Maregrete, x. Yef ho is boren of cunnraden free.

c. 1300.  St. Margarete, 62. Tel me of wham þu ert icome, and of what cunrede.

c. 1374.  Chaucer, Troylus, V. 979. Þat ȝe ben of noble and heigh kynrede.

c. 1450.  Bk. Curtasye, 279, in Babees Bk., 307. And he be comen of gret kynraden, Go no be-fore þawgh þou be beden.

1513.  Douglas, Æneis, V. v. 75. Of Creit, as to hir kynrent, born was sche.

  4.  The family, clan, etc., of which one is a member. Usually with possessive pron.: One’s kinsfolk or relatives, collectively; = KIN¹ 3. Of one’s kindred: related to one.

a. 1225.  Juliana, 61. Þu leddest þurh moyses … þurh þe reade sea al his cunredden.

a. 1250.  Owl & Night., 1675. Alle heo beoth of mine kunrede.

1387.  Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), VII. 161. For hatreden of hir kynrede.

c. 1450.  Merlin, 79. The kynge sente to alle the Dukes kenrede … that thei sholde come to hym.

c. 1470.  Henry, Wallace, II. 196. On our kynrent, deyr God, quhen will thou rew?

1538.  Wriothesley, Chron. (1875), I. 77. An Irishman of my Lord Garrattes kynnered.

1653.  Holcroft, Procopius, Goth. Wars, III. x. 94. Sending others, and one of his own Kinred with them.

1725.  Pope, Odyss., XV. 20. Her kindred’s wishes, and her sire’s commands.

1870.  F. R. Wilson, Ch. Lindisf., 61. In the grassy spot where Grace Darling sleeps with her kindred.

  † b.  Applied to one person: A kinsman or kinswoman; = KIN¹ 3 c. Obs.

c. 1430.  Syr Gener. (Roxb.), 2211. He had wedded hir nigh kynrede, He was the more trew to hir in dede.

1599.  Massinger, etc. Old Law, III. ii. Cleanthes. Be I ne’er so well, I must be sick of thee. Eu. What ails our kindred?

1631.  T. Powell, Tom All Trades, 24. Some such helpe, as To be a Favourite, A Kindred.

1728.  Young, Love Fame, VI. 392. Wives … ask, what kindred is a spouse to them?

  B.  attrib. passing into adj.

  1.  Of the same kin; related by birth or descent; cognate.

1530.  Palsgr., 624. I make kynred, or make one a kynne to an other, jemparente.

1697.  Dryden, Virg. Georg., IV. 546. The bright Quire their kindred Gods invoke.

1781.  Gibbon, Decl. & F., xxx. III. 161. The countries towards the Euxine were already occupied by their kindred tribes.

1809.  Campbell, Gertr. Wyom., III. viii. Nay meet not thou … thy kindred foe!

1887.  Bowen, Virg. Æneid, III. 15. Ancient ally of the Trojans, with kindred gods to our own.

  fig.  1687.  Dryden, Hind & P., II. 396. The dame … looking upward to her kindred sky.

1814.  Scott, Ld. of Isles, III. ix. I long’d for Carrick’s kindred shore.

1871.  R. Ellis, Catullus, lxiv. 160. Yet to your household thou, your kindred palaces olden, Might’st have led me.

  b.  Belonging to, existing between, or done by, relatives.

1593.  Shaks., Rich. II., II. i. 182 (Qo. 1). His hands were guilty of no kinred [1623 kindreds] bloud.

1718.  Rowe, trans. Lucan, 10. The tender Ties of Kindred-love were torn.

1739.  Smollett, Regicide, IV. vi. What kindred crime, alas! am I decreed To expiate.

1850.  Tennyson, In Mem., lxxix. Ere childhood’s flaxen ringlet turn’d To black and brown on kindred brows.

  2.  Allied in nature, character or properties; possessing similar qualities or features; cognate.

1340.  Ayenb., 228. ‘O,’ zayþ he, ‘huet is uayr chasteté kenrede mid briȝtnesse.’

1595.  Shaks., John, III. iv. 14. Who hath read, or heard Of any kindred-action like to this?

1697.  Dryden, Alexander’s Feast, 95. ’Twas but a kindred sound to move, For pity melts the mind to love.

1781.  Gibbon, Decl. & F., xviii. II. 79. The kindred names of Constantine, Constantius, and Constans.

1878.  Huxley, Physiogr., 38. To study the formation of rain and kindred phenomena.

  Hence Kindredless a., having no kindred or relatives. Kindredly adv., in a kindred way, cognately. Kindredness, Kindredship, the quality or state of being of kin or akin; kinship.

1835.  Lytton, Rienzi, V. iv. Shouldst thou be friendless, *kindredless, alone … I may claim thee as my own.

1864.  A. B. Grosart, Lambs all Safe (1865), 85. Many *kindredly inscrutable and tremendous things.

1838.  Chalmers, Wks., XIII. 96. A *kindredness in their heart with its flavour and phraseology is a kindredness with heaven.

1882.  C. E. Turner, Stud. in Russ. Lit., i. 10. The resemblance consists only in the form and in the kindredness of subject.

1769.  Robertson, Chas. V. (1796), I. 256. He was deemed to have renounced all the rights and privileges of *kindredship.

1885.  ‘E. F. Byrrne’ (Emma Frances Brooke), Entangled, I. I. v. 69. A certain kindredship of soul and likeness of quality.