Fore-

prefix. In OE. the adv. FORE (like its equivalent in various other Teut. langs.) was used as a prefix (1) to verbs, giving the additional sense of ‘before’ (either in time, position, order, or rank), and (2) to sbs. either forming designations of objects or parts of objects occupying a front position, or expressing anteriority in time. Cf. OE. forecweðan, Goth. fauraqiþan, OHG. foraquedan to predict; OE. foregangan, Goth. fauragaggan to precede; OE. foretóð, Ger. vorzahn front tooth, etc.). The prefix has through all stages of the language continued to be a living formative in all its uses. The principal combinations are in this work treated as Main words in their alphabetical place; those which are of merely occasional use, or self-explanatory, are enumerated in this article.

  I.  In verbs, ppl. adjs., agent-nouns and nouns of action. (Stress on the verb.)

  1.  With the sense ‘in front,’ as in foregird, -lie, -lift (all Obs. or arch.). Also in agent-nouns, as † forespurrer, FORERUNNER, FOREWALKER.

1610.  Holland, Camden’s Brit., I. 791. Severus *foregirded and fensed Britain with a ditch from sea to sea.

1590.  Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 29.

1769.  Falconer, Shipwr., III. 582.

1596.  Shaks., Merch. V., II. ix. 93.

  2.  = ‘Beforehand,’ ‘previously,’ ‘in advance.’

  Formerly, esp. in 16–17th c., the prefix was used with any vb. to which it was desired to give this additional meaning. The number of recorded combinations of this kind is therefore enormous, and only a selection of them can here be given. Now, however, the use of the prefix, except in established combinations such as foresee, foretell, or in new combinations closely analogous to these, is felt to be somewhat archaistic or affected; in ordinary prose usage the meaning is expressed by the addition of an adverb, or (in verbs of obvious Lat. or Rom. derivation) by the prefix pre-.

  a.  in verbs, as fore-accustom, -acquaint, -adapt, -admonish, -advertise, -advise, -allot, -answer, -assign, -balance, -bespeak, -bless, -calculate, -compose, -comprehend, -conclude, -condemn, -consider, -contrive, -count, -date, -declare, -decree, -design, -dispose, -divine, -engage, -exist, -expect, -express, fear, -figure, -fit, -fix, -grasp, -haste, -instruct, -team, -lend, -mean, -order, -paint, -picture, -plan, -poison, -promise, -reckon, -repent, -report, -request, -resemble, -scent, -season, -seize, -send, -shape, -shoe, -sing, -smell, -sound, -steep, study, -suffer, -summon, -suspect, -threaten, trace, -use, -utter, -vow, -ween, -weep, -weigh.

1640.  Bp. Reynolds, Passions, xxii. 223. By *fore-accustoming the Mind to Evill, it it the better strengthned to stand under it: For Evils by præmeditation, are either prevented or mitigated, the Mind gathering strength and wisedome together to meet it.

1624.  Gataker, Transubst., To Rdr. This is all that (not listing to detaine thee long from the discourse it selfe) I was desirous by way of Preface to *fore-acquaint thee withall.

1696.  Whiston, Th. Earth, IV. (1722), 294. He [the supreme Being] foresaw and *foreadapted the entire Frame.

1633.  Bp. Hall, Hard Texts, N. T., 396–7. Who … *fore-admonished me, that the matter comprised therein, howsoever it should be very sweet and pleasant to mee in the knowledge thereof.

1598.  Barret, Theor. Warres, IV. ii. 105, marg. To *fore aduertise the souldiers by the drumme maior.

1664.  H. More, Myst. Iniq., 206. God, who was so carefull and watchfull over the Church of the Jews, foretelling their Captivities and Returns out of Captivity, and fore-advertising them in a manner of all their affairs of Importance by the mouths of his Prophets sometimes many hundred years before.

1604.  Hieron, Wks., I. Advt. to Rdr. 671. It [this short catechisme] *fore-aduiseth thee of the certainty of diuers afflictions.

1587.  Golding, De Mornay, ix. 121. God determined euerlastingly to make or doe things by his power, and that according to that determination, he giueth to euery thing in their tymes, whatsoeuer hee had *foreallotted them of his goodnesse.

1620.  Bp. Hall, Hon. Mar. Clergy, I. § 1. If all my Proofes be fore-alledged and *fore-answered by his Bellarmine; to what purpose hath this Trifler blurred so much Paper?

1713.  Bentley, Collins’ Free-thinking, I. xxix. 56. Notwithstanding he had fore-answered from the nature of things all that he can say about Different Interpretations, yet he proceeds in XX tedious Pages to enumerate those Differences.

1675.  Brooks, Paradice Opened, 71. God the father, who from Eternity, had *fore-assigned Christ to this office of a Mediator, a Redeemer; did both while he was in the womb, and as soon as he was come out of it, manifest and make known this his purpose concerning Christ, both to men and Angels.

1612.  J. Cotta, Dangers Practisers Phys. I. v. 43. Where also the strength of nature hath by the iudicious and learned bene carefully *foreballanced betweene hope and hazard.

1682.  Bunyan, Holy War, 67. Thy evil Fruit *forebespeaks thee not to be a good Tree.

1630.  Drayton, Moses, I. 63.

1864.  Spectator, 20 Aug., 963/1. All great changes in the constitution, or rather reconstruction of a people, depend on the intervention of some great crisis not to be definitely *forecalculated.

1684.  Baxter, Twelve Argts., § 1. 5. No man knoweth before-hand, whether a Minister hath studied and *fore comp[o]sed his Prayer or Sermon, and yet all joyn with him.

1652.  Gaule, Πῦς-μαντία, the Mag-astro-mancer, vii. 78. Whether it be not quite contradictory to the nature of future contingents, to be *fore-comprehended by any created intellect … either in their universall causes, or particular effects?

1618.  S. Daniel, The Collection of the Historie of England, 12. They held the same confederation *fore-concluded by Alfred.

1642.  Milton, An Apology against Smectymnuus (1851), 258. To prejudice and *forecondemne his adversary in the title for slanderous and scurrilous.

1677.  Otway, Cheats of Scapin, II. i. Wks. 1728, I. 208. These things premis’d, and fore-consider’d, arm the said prudent philosophical Pater-Familias, to find his House laid waste, his Wife murder’d, his Daughters deflower’d, his Sons hang’d.

1652.  Bp. Hall, Invis. World, I. § 6. Abraham saw an angel *fore-contriving the work.

1642.  Fuller, Holy & Prof. St., III. ix. 173. They *forecount their wives fair, fruitfull, and rich, without any fault.

1859.  Ld. Lytton, Wanderer (ed. 2), 97.

1858.  H. Bonar, Hymns Faith & Hope, 10.

1625.  K. Long, trans. Barclay’s Argenis, III. iii. 155. His death, by the flight of Birds, intralls of Beasts, and obseruation of lightning, had bin *fore-declared.

1696.  Willard, Body of Divinity (1726), 359/2. The Name given to Christ was the same which was fore-declared by the Angel, as appointed by God.

1618.  S. Daniel, The Collection of the Historie of England, 162. God had *fore-decreed to make it his owne worke by a cleaner way, and ordained it for an vnstained hand to set it together in peace.

1645.  Wither, Vox Pacif., 141.

1715.  Cheyne, Philos. Princ. Relig., vi. § 44. 344. All the Steps of the Growth and Vegetation, both of Animals and Plants, have been foreseen, and fore-design’d by the wise Author of Nature.

1655.  Fuller, The Church-History of Britain, XI. xvii. King James had by promise *fore-disposed the place on the Bishop of Meath, Dr. James Usher, one whose deserts were sufficiently known.

1607.  T. Walkington, The Optick Glasse of Humors, 142. Fatall or portentuous, which do *fore-divine, and are as it were prophets.

1649.  Bp. Hall, Cases Consc., II. vii. (1654), 132. The obligation to accuse is yet stronger where your former vow or oath hath *fore-ingaged you to a just discovery.

1662.  J. Chandler, Van Helmont’s Oriat., 33. If the disposed matter do *fore-exist, who shall be that disposer, or fore-runner of the Agent?

1854.  Pusey, Lect. Daniel, vi. 298. They, then, fore-existing; this, derived from them.

1633.  Bp. Hall, Hard Texts, N. T., 47. For the returne of the Sonne of man shall be without observation, so as no man can fore-appoint, or *fore-expect the day.

1628.  Wither, Brit. Rememb., 276.

1586.  Whetstone, Eng. Mirror, 121. The King wrote with his owne hand a booke against Martin Luther, for which the Pope named him Defender of the faith, but little *forefeared he, that God would make him the capitall offender of the Romish superstition.

1534.  More, Treat. Passion, Wks. 1323/2. The old sacrifices whych amonge the Jewes *fore fygured the verye fruitfull sacrifice of Christes blessed bodye vppon the crosse.

1622.  S. Ward, Life of Faith in Death (1627), 57. Marke such as sentenced by Iudges and Physitians fore-know their death, yet without speciall grace fore-fit themselues neuer the more carefully.

1571.  Golding, Calvin on Ps. xxi. 9. The time which the heavenly father hath *fore fixed.

1878.  B. Taylor, Deukalion, I. iii. 28.

1880.  G. Macdonald, Diary of an Old Soul, 5 May.

1820.  Milman, Fall Jerusalem, 154.

1617.  Bp. Hall, Quo Vadis? § 24. 97. Let them carefully *fore-instruct, and poise themselues with the sound knowledge of the principles of religion.

1855.  Singleton, Virg. Georg., I. 344.

1596.  Spenser, F. Q., IV. iii. 6.

1608.  B. Jonson, Masque Beauty, Wks. (Rtldg.), 548/2.

1732.  Savage, Volunteer Laureat, Wks. (1775), II. 221 (Jod.).

1870.  Lowell, Among Bks., Ser. I. (1873), 224. Without foremeaning it, he had impersonated Mephistopheles the genius of his century. Ibid. (1873), Ser. II. 87. That unspeakable Providence therefore *foreordered two ends to be pursued by man.

1627.  S. Ward, Christ All in All, 11. As if the Scriptures & ancient moderne Writers had not *forepainted out such an Antichrist.

1634.  Jackson, Creed, VII. Christ’s Answ., § 54. By the fall of Lebanon—a forest famous amongst the nations for tall and goodly cedars—he *forepictures the extirpation of David’s royal race by Solomon and his successors, or the pulling down the mighty from their seats.

1811.  Jane Austen, Sense & Sens., III. ii. 48. She had learnt very little more than what had been already foreseen and *foreplanned in her own mind.

1584.  Discov. Throckmorton’s Treas., 2. Such as are not forestalled, or rather *forepoysoned and infected with the lies alreadie spred and deliuered, in fauour of the traitor and his treasons.

1565.  T. Stapleton, Fortr. Faith, 65. He had shewed owt of the prophet Hieremy, and other prophets, the calling of the gentils *forepromised, the fall of the Iewes foretolde, the arising of heretikes amonge Christians foreshewed also.

a. 1656.  Bp. Hall, Specialties in his life (1660), 27. It was fore-promised to one of my fellow Chaplains.

1856.  Mrs. Browning, Aur. Leigh, IV. 469.

1590.  Greene, Neuer too late (1600), 62. He that *forerepents, forsees many perills.

1642.  Fuller, Holy & Prof. St., III. xxiii. 218. But Fame falls most short … chiefly in *fore-reporting the Happinesse in heaven. Ibid. (1655), The Church-History of Britain, II. iii. § 38. Offa had *fore-requested the granting of these Priviledges from the Pope.

1641.  Milton, Ch. Govt., I. v. (1851), 113. He … stiffly argues that Christ being as well King as Priest, was as well *fore-resembled by the Kings then, as by the high Priest.

1652.  Gaule, Πῦς-μαντία, the Mag-astro-mancer, xxvi. Metoposcopy, out of a sagacious ingenie, and learned experience, boasts her self to *foresent all the beginnings, the progresses, and the ends of men.

1598.  E. Gilpin, Skial. (1878), 45.

1682.  Tate, Abs. & Achit., II. 975.

1818.  Milman, Samor, IV. 383.

c. 1000.  Ælfric, Gram., xxviii. (Z.), 172. Praemitto, ic *foresende.

c. 1586.  C’tess Pembroke, Ps. CV. v.

1842.  Sir H. Taylor, Edwin the Fair, III. iii.

a. 1691.  Boyle, Hist. Air (1692), 174. They begin to travel again in a white Sand, being *fore-shod with Shoes, whose single Soles are made a Finger broader than the upper Leather.

1563.  Mirr. Mag., Hastings, liv.

1634.  Habington, Castara (Arb.), 35.

a. 1651.  Calderwood, Hist. Kirk (1843), II. 343. Manie of his servants *forsmelling danger, left him.

1648.  Herrick, Hesper., 146.

1565.  Golding, Ovid’s Met., VII. (1593), 155.

1553.  Grimalde, Cicero’s Offices, II. 81. Lucius Crassus did showe himself in open courte to do that veriewell having *forestudied.

1647.  Fuller, Good Th. in Worse T. (1841), 134. Grant the party praying at that very instant fore-studieth not every expression.

1839.  Bailey, Festus, xxviii. (1848), 335.

1597.  Daniel, Civ. Wars, VII. lxiii.

a. 1612.  Donne, Βιαθανατος (1644), 68. Of which the most pestilently cunning Basilides, *fore-suspecting that hee should not easily remove that desire of dying, which Nature had bred.

1598.  J. Dickenson, Greene in Conc. (1878), 103. Which these so many, and so manyfest likelihoodes did *forethreaten.

1656.  Trapp, Comm., Matt. iii. 10. Edom is fore threatened for not harbouring them when scattered by the Chaldeans.

1833.  Wordsw., Warning, 131.

a. 1612.  Donne, Βιαθανατος (1648), 216. The limits are obscure, and steepy, and slippery, and narrow, and every errour deadly, except where a competent dilligence being *fore-used, a mistaking in our conscience may provide an excuse.

1583.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, III. (Arb.), 88 Theese stoans king Helenus, theese ragd rocks rustye *fore vttred.

1839.  Bailey, Festus, xxxii. (1848), 352.

1615.  Daniel, Hymen’s Triumph, Poems (1717), 124.

1587.  T. Hughes, Misfort. Arthur, III. i. (1828), 46–7.

1763.  Churchill, Poems, Duellist, I.

1819.  Crabbe, T. of Hall, Patron, 75.

  b.  in ppl. adjs., as fore-bemoaned, -biased, -boasted, -commended, -created, -dated, -defined, -denounced, -described, -deserved, -devised, -devote, -done, -fated, -formed, -hinting, -impressed, -inclined, -intimated, -led, -made, -misgiving, -noted, -obtained, -opinioned, -penned, -pretended, -provided, -recited, -rehearsed, -remembered, -settled, -specified, -typified, -vouched, -wished, -wonted. Also fore-littering, littering prematurely; fore-riped, ripened too early; premature; fore-wrought, ? tampered with beforehand.

c. 1600.  Shaks., Sonnet xxx.

1720.  Welton, Suffer. Son of God, II. xxix. 751. The Malicious Prejudices … of His accusers and *fore-byass’d Judges.

1602.  Warner, Alb. Eng., IX. xlix. 228.

1642.  Cudworth, Lord’s Supper, vi. 70. Which I will confirme from that fore-commended place, whence I have already proved that the Lords Supper is A Feast upon Sacrifice.

1587.  Golding, De Mornay, ix. 118. Whether the Worlde was created after the pattern of a thing *forecreated, or of a thing without a beginning.

1641.  Milton, Ch. Govt., II. (1851), 148. Urgent reason hath pluckt from me by an abortive and *foredated discovery.

1640.  Bp. Hall, Episc., II. iv. 103. We take Episcopacie in the proper, and *fore-defined sence.

1604.  Hieron, Wks., I. To Rdr. 553. Seeing the well neere breathlesse body of Poperie, beginneth to entertaine some hope of a new Enliuing (though I dare assure thee it is but a lightning before death) nothing can be too much which tendeth in any measure to the furtherance of Romes long-deserued and *fore-denounced ouerthrow.

1581.  Sidney, Apol. Poetrie (Arb.), 28. With the *fore described name of Poets: for these indeede doo meerely make to imitate. Ibid. (1580), Arcadia, IV. (1598) 416 Their fore-deserued punishment.

1579.  Fenton, Guicciard. (1618), 38. It was a deliberation voluntary and foredeuised, and not sodaine, nor in respect of the present danger.

1889.  The Saturday Review, LXVIII. 7 Sept., 262/1. There is a sort of tourists *foredevote to mischance.

1862.  F. Hall, Hindu Philos. Syst., 125, note. The production of ‘that,’ i. e., of the body, is ‘owing to the aid,’ or cooperation, of merit and demerit, ‘the fruit of *foredone’ sacrifices, donations, harm, &c.

1839.  Bailey, Festus (1848), 38.

1767.  H. Brooke, Fool of Qual. (1792), II. viii. 31. If they are permitted to enter the court, under the confidence of my confederacy, they will have no reserve upon them, no *foreformed evasions, or contrivances for escape.

1868.  Bushnell, Serm. Living Subj., 420. The story ends in fact in a strange, enigmatic, yet apparently *forehinting utterance—‘God will provide himself a lamb’—words that reached farther than he could even understand himself, to be sometime fulfilled in the offering of the cross, as the consummate fact of sacrifice.

1642.  H. More, Song of Soul, II. iii. II. lx.

1640.  Bp. Hall, Episc., III. ii. 217. One onely place there is, that might to a *fore-inclined minde seeme to give some colour, (and God knowes, but a colour) of a lay-Presbytery.

1631.  Gouge, God’s Arrows, Ded. 5. Yet are these Treatises neither to terrifie for what is past, nor to prophesie of what is yet to come; but rather to heale the wounds that have beene made by the fore-intimated arrowes, and to direct us how to keepe the Lord from further shooting out the like.

1662.  J. Chandler, Van Helmont’s Oriat., 101. They being mind-full of the faults of their fore-led life, might repent.

1583.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, Ded. (Arb.), 8. Fore lyke as *forelittring bitches whelp blynde puppies, so I may bee perhaps entwighted of more haste then good speede.

1642.  Fuller, Holy & Prof. St., III. xxiii. 217. If such *foremade reports prove true, they are admired and registred; if false, neglected and forgotten.

1565.  Golding, Ovid’s Met., X. (1593), 248.

1583.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, IV. (Arb.), 118. Thee beasts bring she with her, with theym thee *forenoted offrings.

1568.  T. Howell, Arb. Amitie (1879), 43.

1627–77.  Feltham, Resolves, I. xxviii. 48. If he be an equal, men are *fore-opinion’d of him for a politic man.

1549.  Chaloner, trans. Erasm. Moriæ Enc., A j. So what thing these cunning rhetoricians, for all their longe and *fore-penned orations, can hardly bring about.

1709.  Strype, Ann. Ref., I. liv. 587. All they had done, presently did, or hereafter intended to do, were but *fore-pretended Falsehoods.

1850.  Lynch, Theo. Trin., i. 15. By our will, we do acts that are as *fore-provided signals for the operations of Divine strength.

1613.  Shaks., Hen. VIII., I. ii. 126.

1661.  J. Stephens, Procurations, 144. Lawfully at their respective accustomed times, according to the fore-recited Act, require, and so ought to receive them.

1526.  Tindale, N. T., Prol. Hit had pleasyd God to put in my mynde, and also to geve me grace to translate this *forerehearced newe testament in oure englysshe tonge.

1577–87.  Holinshed, Chron., III. 1230/2. He comming one day into the Campe with his brother Thomas Parker, that was after Maior of Norwich, founde them before the tree at Common prayer, the *foreremembred Coniers Vicar of Saint Martins in Norwich, saying the Letanie.

1631.  Weever, Anc. Fun. Mon., 170. Now may it please you reade certaine blanke verses taken out of my fore remembred Author, Piers Plow man, who speakes in his language of the Pope and Cardinals, Pardons and pilgrimages effectually to this purpose.

a. 1533.  Ld. Berners, Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), O viij. Thoughe the *fore ryped prymetyme prouoked them therto, yet the grauitie of suche ladies shoulde not suffre it.

1587.  Golding, De Mornay, Pref. 10. For foredeemings and foresetled opinions doo bring in bondage the reason of them that haue best wits.

1647.  Sprigge, Anglia Rediviva, I. ii. (1854), 12. Lieutenant-general Cromwell having received the *forespecified commands from the general, marched immediately, found the enemy, and engaged them near Islip-bridge.

1693.  Chauncy, Enq. Gosp. New Law, 34. He appears to be the great Sacrifice so long *fore-typified, as likewise the great Priest that was to come, after the Order of Melchisedeck, and the great Prophet Moses prophesied of.

1605.  Shaks., Lear, I. i. 223.

1592.  Wyrley, Armorie, Ld. Chandos, 98.

1647.  H. More, Song of Soul, App. III. xviii.

1611.  Speed, Hist. Gt. Brit., IX. viii. § 16. 489. To reduce those partes to his Allegiance; which was no hard matter to effect; the greater part of Commaunders there (being *fore-wrought) expecting nothing more, and the better part suspecting nothing lesse, then these perfidious assaults.

  c.  in vbl. sbs., as fore-aboding, -accounting, -being, -building, -catching, -damning, -enjoying, -fearing, -glooming, -living, -misgiving, -placing, -planting, -schooling, -shaping, -understanding, -whipping, -whispering.

a. 1711.  Ken, Edmund, Poet. Wks. 1721, II. 199.

1580.  Sidney, Arcadia, I. 85.

1561.  Daus, trans. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573), 10. For this is it, that he meaneth by ioynyng the *forebeyng to the present beyng.

1662.  Glanvill, Lux Orientalis, xii. (1682), 92. Therefore let shame and blushing cover his face that shall confidently affirm that ’twas thus or thus with us in the state of our Fore-Beings.

1581.  Mulcaster, Positions, v. (1887), 26. Which ripenesse, while they be in learning, must be measured by their ablenes to receiue that, which must follow their *forebuilding.

1625.  A. Gill, Sacr. Philos., i. 86. Whether through the weakeness or strength of the imagination, in some *fore-catchings of the shadowes of things to come.

1615.  Byfield, Expos. Coloss., iii. 6. Who can think the anger of God not to be infinitely terrible, that can but seriously consider examples and presidents of it? First, Gods reprobating, or *fore-damning of millions of men.

1640.  Bp. Reynolds, Passions, xx. 206. That vowed sequestration and voluntary banishment of Hermits and Votaries from humane society, under pretence of devoting themselves to Contemplation and a *fore-enjoying of the Light of God, is towards him as unpleasing, as it is in it selfe uncomfortable.

1674.  N. Fairfax, A Treatise of the Bulk and Selvedge of the World, 65. The *forefearing that if emptiness far and wide were not granted, the world would not be bounded.

1880.  W. Watson, Prince’s Quest, Vanishings (1892), 147.

1430.  Lydgate, Chronicle of Troy, V. xxxvi.

1565.  Golding, Ovid’s Met., VI. (1593), 143.

1611.  Cotgr., Premise, a *fore-placing, a setting before. Ibid., Preplantement, a *fore-planting or former setting.

1886.  Lowell, Pr. Wks. (1890), VI. 163. Is it so good a *fore-schooling for Life, which will be a teacher of quite other mood, making us learn, rod in hand, precisely those lesson we should not have chosen?

1892.  Athenæum, 16 April, 496/2. Out of this strange shifting phantasmagoria Sindhia’s statesmanship evolved some clear *foreshapings of that new order which the successors of his great English rival were destined to consummate after their own fashion.

1550.  Bale, Sel. Wks. (1849), 498. And I (saith St John) perceived it evidently in my *fore-understanding, that this woman, the very wife of the devil and of his beastly body (for the bishops are the husbands of their Romish churches), was all drunken in the bloody slaughter of saints.

1613.  T. Godwin, Rom. Antiq. (1658), 194. This fore-whipping I take to bee a matter unquestionable.

1880.  W. Watson, Prince’s Quest, 20.

  d.  in nouns of action, as fore-advice, -choice, -consent, -designment, -determination, -guidance, -payment, -proffer, -provision, -revelation, -spousals, -sufferance, -trial.

1598.  Florio, Premonitione, a premonition … a *foreaduise.

1614.  Raleigh, Hist. World, II. v. § 10. 260. Excepting Gods miracles, his promise, and *fore-choice of this people.

1615.  Chapman, Odyss., XIII. 194.

a. 1641.  Bp. Mountagu, Acts & Mon., i. § 33 (1642), 21. A *fore-designement of better things to come: that is, of Abrahams spirituall seed.

1565.  Jewel, Def. Apol. (1611), 38. Only vpon his owne blinde preiudices, and *fore-determinations.

1610.  Guillim, Heraldry, IV. xv. (1611), 230. The greatest Army can little availe without the *fore-guidance of a valiant Leader.

1807.  Southey, Lett. (1856), II. 9. I had 100l. of him, in *forepayment for the first edition of ‘Espriella.’

1548.  Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Luke, i. 77. Makyng withoutwarde baptisyng in water, a *foreprofer to the abolishing of synne.

1611.  Cotgr., Preparation, a preparation or *fore-prouision.

a. 1680.  Charnock, Attrib. God (1834), I. 552. We never yet find God deceived in any prediction, but the event did answer his *forerevelation.

a. 1639.  Webster, App. & Virg., IV. ii.

1629.  Jackson, Creed, VI. II. xxxii. § 7. His experience on *foresufferance of the like evils.

1868.  Hanna, Ministry in Galilee, iii. 50. For a short season he was to send them from his side, to teach and to work miracles as he did himself, that a short *fore-trial might be made of the work in which they were afterwards to be engaged.

  II.  Prefixed to sbs. (Stress chiefly on the prefix, exc. where this is liable to be apprehended as an adj.; in many words the stress is variable).

  3.  With reference to place. a. With sense, ‘that is in the front,’ or ‘in front of something,’ ‘directed to the front’; = FRONT- (by which it is now often replaced), as fore-axle, -chamber, -corner, -courtyard, -covert, -desk, face, -flap, -gallery, -glass, -hall, -hill, -log, -nook, -parlour, -pillow, -place, -plate, -porch, post, -quarter, -rank, -rib, -shop, -skirt, -tail, -way, -wedge, -wheel.

1822.  Imison, Elements of Science and Art, I. 103. When the carriage is loaded equally heavy on both axles, the fore-axle must sustain as much more friction, and consequently wear out as much sooner than the hind axle, as the fore-wheels are less than the hind ones.

1622.  H. Sydenham, Serm. Sol. Occ. (1637), 106. Gluttony is the *fore-chamber of Lust, and Lust is the inner-roome of Gluttony.

1852.  Grote, Greece, II. lxxxii. X. 665. All Syracuse became a bustling military workshop—not only the market-places, porticoes, palæstræ, and large private houses, but also the fore-chambers and back-chambers of the various temples.

1805.  Mrs. Wakefield, Dom. Recreat., II. x. 137–8. The edge of the under eye-lid stops the tears, and conducts them to a small hole, formed in the *fore-corner of the same eye-lid, through which they fall into a little bag, called the tear-bag.

1623.  Crt. & Times Jas. I. (1849), II. 430. In the *forecourtyard of the French ambassador’s house was digged a great pit, eighteen foot long and twelve foot broad, into which were cast forty-four corpses.

1609.  Holland, Amm. Marcell., XXIV. vi. 249. Of undermining and the fabrickes *fore-covert and defence, Nevita and Dagalaiphus had the charge.

c. 1515.  in Willis & Clark, Cambridge (1886), I. 483. For lvj Stalles in the lower degrees with the foredeskes for the same.

1545.  Raynold, Byrth Mankynde, I. ix. (1634), 32. From the right side likewise and *foreface of the great Arterie, descendeth a branch thwarting over the great Vein down towards the right Loyns.

1607.  Beaum. & Fl., Woman-hater, V. i. My *fore-flap hangs in the right place and as near Machiavel’s as can be gathered by tradition.

1775.  S. J. Pratt, Liberal Opinions (1783), IV. 3. The owner of the beast now began to strip, and, with the fore-flap of his coat, to rub the blood from the nostrils, and the dirt from the forehead of the creature.

1715.  Leoni, Palladio’s Archit. (1742), II. 19. I have made the *Fore-galleries, and the Ornaments of the inside, according as I fancy they ought to have been.

1741.  Richardson, Pamela (1824), I. 125. I was afraid of Robin’s looking back, through the *fore-glass [of the coach], and people seeing us, as they passed.

1882–3.  Schaff, Encycl. Relig. Knowl., I. 210/2. Connected with this main building were generally, to the one side a *fore-hall, the schoolroom, and to the other side an apsis, with an altar dedicated to John the Baptist.

1776.  Phil. Trans., LXVI. 527. Its *forehills are almost every where composed of rocks and strata, rising very steep to the horizon.

1883.  Mrs. Rollins, New Eng. Bygones, 68. They [the backlogs] were buried in embers, and then supplemented with a *forelog, which, in its own turn, was plied with lighter fuel and bolstered up with iron dogs.

1641.  H. Best, Rural Economy in Yorkshire in 1641 (Surtees), 36. In loadinge of a waine they first fill the body, and then doe they beginne with the farr *fore-nooke, and after that with the neare fore-nooke, then with the farr hinder nooke, and last of all with the neare hinder nooke.

1747.  A Scheme for Equipping and Maintaining Sixteen Men of War, 58–9. Every Tradesman and Citizen should be obliged to sing at their Shop Doors, in their *Fore-Parlours, or Dining Rooms every Morning, before they opened either Door or Window, in Commemoration of these happy Events.

1617.  Markham, Caval., VI. 51. The *fore-pillowes must stande so directly downwarde, that they may defend the Ryders knees from the neather point of the bare tree.

1878.  Morley, Carlyle, 194. Laughter has a *fore-place in life.

1715.  Desaguliers, Fires Impr., 108. The first Piece or *fore-Plate, might be made 3 foot and some inches wide.

1535.  Goodly Primer, Ps. c. 3 (1834), 84. Enter ye into his gates with thanksgiving: and into his *foreporches with praise singing, magnify him and praise his name.

1870.  Daily News, 24 Sept. A Jager regiment formed the infantry *foreposts in a line of villages.

c. 1430.  Two Cookery-bks., I. 6. Beef y-Stywyd.—Take fayre beef of þe rybbys of þe *fore quarterys, an smyte in fayre pecys.

1883.  G. M. White, The Local Associations of Whittier’s Poems, in Harper’s Mag., LXVI. Feb., 367/2. We looked back, and saw Whittier’s early playmate bargaining for a fore-quarter of lamb.

1599.  Shaks., Hen. V., V. ii. 96.

1863.  J. G. Murphy, Comm. Gen., xlix. 10. Judah had the forerank among the tribes in the wilderness, and never altogether lost it.

1895.  Daily News, 9 Jan., 6/2. 17 *foreribs of beef.

1633.  Ford, Love’s Sacr. III. i. Shut up your *fore-shop, I’ll be your journeyman no longer.

1613.  Shaks., Hen. VIII., II. iii. 98.

1665.  J. Wilson, Projectors, II. i. Dram. Wks. (1874), 218. One doublet with a new pair of foreskirts.

1732.  E. Forrest, Hogarth’s Tour, 8. Drawing the *fore-tail of his shirt from out of his breeches (which were also well soused with salt water) he held it in both hands opposed to the windward; and the sun shining warm, he was soon dry.

1631.  Househ. Ord. (1790), 349. That access bee not made any other way than the *foreway for the chappell.

1523.  Fitzherb., Husb., § 4. The dryuinge of his syde-wedges, *forewedge, and helewedge, whiche wolde be made of drye woode.

1728.  Vanbr. & Cib., Prov. Husb., I. Wks. (1730), 222. We were so cruelly loaden that the two *fore wheels came crash down at once in Waggon-rut-lane, and there we lost four hours ’fore we could set things to rights again.

1822.  Imison, Elements of Science and Art, I. 103. In all four-wheeled carriages, the fore-wheels are made of a less size than the hind ones, in order to enable them to turn in less room.

  b.  Indicating the front part of something; as fore-brain, -palate, -shaft, -shoulder.

1879.  trans. Haeckel’s Evol. Man, II. xx. 225. The highest activities of the animal body, the wonderful manifestations of consciousness, the complex phenomena of the activities of thought, have their seat in the *fore-brain.

1872.  Beames, Comp. Gram. Aryan Lang. India, I. ix. 326. A larger portion of the tongue’s surface being brought into contact with the *fore-palate.

1883.  Im Thurn, Indians Guiana, xi. 245. The slight difference between the two forms [of arrow] used by the Arawaks and True Caribs respectively is merely in the form of the *fore-shaft and the blunt head.

1857.  J. G. Holland, The Bay-Path, xvii. 196. I think he’ll shoot low, and save his waddin’, till you go to the Bay ag’in, and then he’ll let me have it jest back o’ the *fore-shoulder, as he did t’other time.

  c.  Indicating one of the front limbs of an animal; as fore-claw, -fin, -flipper, -hoof, -knee, -limb, -pad, -paw, † -talon. (Stress often on the sb.)

1769.  Phil. Trans., LX. 37. On its *fore-claws are five strong long nails, on the hind-claws but four.

1779–80.  Cook, Voy. (1785), II. 457. The dam, when in the water, holds the young one between her *fore-fins.

1853.  Kane, Grinnell Exp., xlv. (1856), 417. He measured eight feet from tip to tip, five feet eleven inches in his greatest circumference, and five feet six inches in girth behind the *fore-flippers.

1770.  G. White, Selborne, xxviii. 79. The *fore-hoofs were upright and shapely, the hind flat and splayed.

1607.  Topsell, Four-f. Beasts 121. And then stayeth his body vpon the *fore-knees.

1794–6.  E. Darwin, Zoon. (1801), I. 199. All the quadrupeds, that have collar-bones, (claviculæ) use their *fore-limbs in some measure as we use our hands, as the cat, squirrel, tyger, bear and lion.

1879.  Jefferies, Wild Life in a Southern County, 7–8. It is amusing to see two of these animals [rabbits] drumming each other … and strike with the *fore-pads as if boxing, only the blow is delivered downwards instead of from the shoulder.

1825.  J. Neal, Brother Jonathan, I. 110. ‘Here Jotty! here’s the paw, ye sleep houn’—there!’—throwing one of the bear’s great *fore-paws at him.

a. 1682.  Sir T. Browne, Tracts (1684), v. 113. They opened the vein of the *fore Talon.

  d.  Naut. Chiefly in words denoting some ‘part of a ship’s frame and machinery which lies near the stem, or in that direction, in opposition to aft or after’ (Adm. Smyth); also of parts connected with the foremast (opposed to main-, mizen-); as fore-bitts, -bonnet, -bowline, -brace, -bridge, -cap, -cat-harpings, -chains, -cluegarnet, -course, -downhaul, hatch, -hatchway, -hood, -keel, -lee, -rake, -rigging, -royal, -scuttle, -shrouds, -spoke, -spritsail, -tackle, truck, -trysail.

1833.  Marryat, P. Simple (1863), 411. Their first shot went right through the hull of the brig, just abaft the *fore-bits; fortunately, no one was hurt.

1669.  Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., I. 17. Unbind all things clear of it, and bring too the *Fore-bonnet; make all clear, and hoist up the Fore-yard; hawl aft the Sheets, get aft on the Quarter Deck, the *fore Braces. Ibid., 18. Shift the Mizen, tack, hawl bout *fore Bowline and fore Top-sail Bowline.

1833.  Marryat, P. Simple (1863), 213. The book in his pocket brought him up in the jaws of the fore-brace block, where he hung until taken out by the main-topmen.

1893.  Adm. Markham, in Daily News, 3 July, 5/7. The Admiral came forward to the *fore-bridge.

1748.  Anson’s Voy., III. i. 297. The Gloucester’s *forecap splitting, her fore-top mast came by the board, and broke her fore-yard directly in the slings.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., *Fore Cat-harpings.

1720.  *Fore-chains [see CHAIN 14 b].

1820.  Scoresby, Acc. Arctic Reg., II. 193. Every part of the bows, therefore, from the stem to the fore-chains, derives additional strength from the fortification.

1825.  H. B. Gascoigne, Nav. Fame, 51.

1626.  Capt. Smith, Accid. Yng. Seamen, 96. The maine saile, the fore sayle called sometimes the *fore course.

1707.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4380/3. The Firebrand … drove off, and forc’d in under a Fore-course for the Light of St. Agnes.

1669.  Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., I. 17. Belay the *fore doon hall, that the Yard may not turn up.

1840.  R. H. Dana, Bef. Mast, xxxi. 112. The galley, the pig-sty, the hen-coop, and a large sheep-pen which had been built upon the *forehatch, were all gone, in the twinkling of an eye—leaving the deck as clean as a chin new-reaped—and not a stick left, to show where they had stood.

1790.  Beatson, Nav. & Mil. Mem., II. 162. Forced the eight French sailors down the *fore-hatch-way to their comrades, threatening to kill the first who should come upon deck without leave.

1819.  J. H. Vaux, Mem., I. xx. 226. Certain parts of the stem, called the *fore-hoods, were loose, which occasioned the principal leak.

1653.  H. Cogan, trans. Pinto’s Trav., lxvi. 267. The *Forekeel of our Poup opened within nine hand-bredths of the water.

a. 1802.  Young Man, v., in Child, Ballads, VIII. ccxlv. (1892), 377/1.

1627.  Capt. Smith, Seaman’s Gram., ii. 4. The *fore Rake is that which giues the ship good way, and makes her keep a good wind.

1805.  in Nicolas, Disp. Nelson (1846), VII. 167, note. Employed knotting and splicing our *fore-rigging.

1883.  Daily Tel., 12 Sept., 2/1. He was ordered on to the *foreroyal yard along with another youngster.

1800.  Colquhoun, Comm. Thames, ii. 55. With this evil intention in his mind, he placed the two trunks in question in an accessible situation, close to the *fore-scuttle.

1699.  Dampier, Voy., II. III. 64. Come! said he to me, let us go a little way up the *Fore-shrouds, it may be that may make the Ship wear.

1833.  Marryat, P. Simple (1863), 107. The captain and first lieutenant went aft, and took the *fore-spokes of the wheel.

a. 1661.  Holyday, Juvenal, 229.

1823.  Crabb, Technol. Dict., s.v. Fore.… *Fore-tackle, a tackle on the fore-mast.

1669.  Sturmy, Mariner’s Mag., V. 64. If the Ropes be suspected not to be good, they nail down Quoyners to the *Fore-Trucks of heavy Guns, that he may not have any play.

1895.  P. N. McGiffin, The Battle of the Yalu, in Century Mag., L. Aug., 594/2. The admiral’s flag at the fore-truck being also replaced by a larger one.

1857.  C. Gribble, in Merc. Mar. Mag. (1858), V. 3. *Fore-try-sail.

  4.  With reference to time. a. Giving the additional sense of precedence or anticipation; as fore-age, -ancestor, -assurance, -care, -consciousness, -counsel, -day, -gleam, -glimpse, -handsel, -hope, -impression, -king, -light, -luck, -martyr, -messenger, -notice, -notion, -order, -parent, -precedent, -resolution, -restraint, -scene, -scent, -sense, -sentence, -shift, -sign, -sin, -splendor, -tenant, thrift, -year.

1581.  J. Bell, Haddon’s Answ. Osor., 453 b. Where be these Records and Monuments of auncient Antiquitye, and of all *foreages?

1563–87.  Foxe, A. & M. (1596), 120. To put us in mind and memory, how much we, at this present, are bound to God for the true sincerity of his truth, hidden so long before to our *fore-ancestors, and opened now unto us by the good will of our God, in his Son Christ Jesus.

a. 1612.  Donne, Βιαθανατος (1644), 74. And do not we see it to be the custome of all Nations now, to manacle and disarme condemned men, out of a *fore-assurance that else they would escape death by death.

1615.  P. Smalle, Mans May, B iij a.

1843.  Lowell, A Glance behind the Curtain, Wks. (1879), 49. Have a *fore-consciousness of their high doom.

1839.  Bailey, Festus (1848), 32/1.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 19049 (Cott.).

1857–8.  Sears, Athan., xi. 98. We get even now intimations and *fore-gleams of what it is.

1894.  Advance (Chicago), 5 April. A *fore-glimpse of the Day of Judgment.

1574.  trans. Marlorat’s Apocalips, 9. Wheras the breaking vp of the graues at Christes death was a *forehansell of the newe lyfe: the frute or effecte thereof was not seene tyll the thirde daye after.

1603.  Sir C. Heydon, Jud. Astrol., x. 233. If therefore through this *fore-hope … the excesse of immoderate ioy be abated.

1597.  Daniel, Civ. Wars, VI. xxii.

1876.  Tennyson, Harold, IV. iii.

1853.  J. Cumming, Lect. Miracles (1854), 126. I explained that every miracle that Christ did was, not like Loyola’s, or Xavier’s, or Liguori’s, a wild, arbitrary display of power, but one of the *fore-lights of the restoration of all things, an earnest of what shall be.

1659.  Torriano, Buona-mano … good hanzell or good *fore-luck.

1577.  Hanmer, Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1636), 75. The other *fore-Martyrs stirred up by this example, hasten themselves unto martyrdome, and are become livelier and readier, accomplishing the confession of martrydome with all chearfullnesse of mind.

1548.  Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Luke i. 17. And lyke as by Malachias prophecie, Helias shal be the *foremessagier of his second cumming, to prepare the heartes of men by his preaching, agaynst that same great and terrible daye of the Lorde.

1574.  Newton, Health Mag., T j b. A foremessanger or waymaker to Feuers, Apostumations and Abscesses.

1678.  T. Rymer, Trag. Last Age, 38. So strange a Revolution never happens in Poetry, but either Heaven or Earth gives some forenotice of it.

1604.  Daniel, Vision 12 Goddesses, Wks. (1717), 239. To the end thou may’st have *Fore-Notion what Powers, and who they are that come, take here this Prospective.

1594.  Carew, Tasso (1881), 29.

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 41. Our *fore parentes Adam and Eue.

1577–87.  Holinshed, Chron., III. 1114/1. As to the said alleaged *forepresidents against me, I haue recited as manie for me.

1629.  T. Adams, Soules Refuge, Wks. 910. Men that want this *fore-resolution are like a secure citie, that spends all her wealth in furnishing her chambers, and furbishing her streets; but lets her bulwarkes fall to the ground.

1594.  Carew, Tasso (1881), 106.

1857–8.  Sears, Athan., 12. If the light of the after-scene were turned full upon the *fore-scene, should we not know better what to do and how do do it?

1832.  I. Taylor, Saturday Evening, 231. Not free from an appalling *forescent of his own near approaching discomfiture.

1621.  Cade, Serm., 3. With too little … *fore-sence of vengeance, or pricke of conscience.

1840.  Clough, Amours de Voy., III. 123.

1598.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. ii. Ark, 599.

1891.  Labour Commission, Gloss., s.v. Shift, One set or shift go underground early in the morning at 4.30 or 5 a.m.; these are called *‘fore-shift men.’ The second set go underground about 9 a.m., and are called ‘back-shift men.’

1548.  Udall, etc., Erasm. Par. Mark i. 13. Undoubtedlye he maketh a *foresigne that the grace of the ghospell shall forsake the wicked Iewes, and go from them to the Gentyles, because the Iewes embraced styll that olde heade whiche was chopped of by the ghospell, and contemned Christe the very head of the whole lawe.

1659.  Macallo, Can. Physick, 43. Foresigns of life or death.

1530.  Tindale, Answ. More, II. iii. (1573), 293/2. To make satisfaction for his *fore-sinnes.

1831.  Carlyle, Sart. Res. (1858), 115. Fore-shadows, call them rather *fore-splendours, of that Truth, and Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul.

1814.  Southey, Roderick, II.

1869.  R. Lytton, Orval, 216–7.

1615.  Chapman, Odyss., VIII. 601.

  b.  Indicating the early part of; as fore-night, -summer, -year; foreday = morning. Chiefly Sc.

1818.  Hogg, Brownie of Bodsbeck, I. 13. The settin moon shone even in their faces, and he saw them as weel as it had been *fore-day.

1808–79.  Jamieson, *Forenicht, the interval between twilight and bed-time.

1887.  American, XIV. 30 July, 234/2. Those of us who remember the events of the terrible winter and *foresummer of 1854–55 carry in their recollection the suffering of the French and English soldiers chiefly.

1545.  Brunston, in Tytler, Hist. Scot. (1864), III. 372. The said cardinal [Beaton] entendis (yf his devising tak effect) to bring us gret support in the *foir yere; but I hoip to God his jornay shall be shortit to his displeseur.

  5.  Special combinations. a. With reference to place: fore-action, the movement of a horse’s front legs; † fore-alley, (in a meeting-house) the alley or passage in front of the desk; † fore-beak, the prow of a vessel; † fore-board, the deck or fore-deck; fore-boot: see BOOT sb.¹ 4 c; † fore-bowels, the part of a horse’s belly in front of the girths; † fore-bush (of hair) = FORELOCK; † fore-buttock (jocular), the breast (of a woman); † fore-cloth, the covering of a horse’s shoulders; † fore-cock (of a hat), see quot. and COCK sb.⁶ 3; † fore-crag (see quot.); † fore-crop (see quot.); † fore-entry (a) = FORE-COURT, (b) the porch or gate-house; † fore-fellows, fellow-soldiers in the preceding rank; fore-flank, (a) the front part of the flank, (b) (see quot. 1796); † fore-gallant, the chief performer (in a morrice-dance); † fore-gear, (a) armor for the front of the body, (b) harness for the front horses of a team; fore-hanging, fore-hearth (see quots.); fore-heater, salt-making (see quot.); † fore-hip, a trick in wrestling; fore-hooks, Naut. = breast-hooks; † fore-knight Naut. (see quot.); fore-lighter, the first in a ‘gang’ of lighters; † fore-lines, lines drawn directly forward; fore-march, a march forward, in quot. fig.; fore-mark, ? a conspicuous model for imitation; fore-page, the first page (in a printed work); fore-piece (see quot.); fore-pipe, a brass pipe near the muzzle of a musket, etc., to receive the ramrod; † fore-smock, ? an article of dress worn in front of the smock, an apron; † fore-spar Sc., a swingle-tree for attaching the front horses of a team; fore-starling (see quot.); fore-step, (a) a step forward, (b) pl. steps in front, tracks; † fore-stone, a mass of rock that interrupts a vein of ore; fore-thwart, fore-train (see quots.); † fore-tow Sc., a rope for attaching the front horses of a team; fore-winning (see quot.).

1816.  Keatinge, Trav. (1817), I. 159. The Spanish horse carries his head high, and his *fore-action is regulated hereby.

1716.  S. Sewall, Diary, 9 Sept. Afternoon call’d William Brown and Elizabeth his wife to present themselves. They stood in the *Fore-Ally and were admitted, Confessing their Sin of Fornication.

a. 1656.  Ussher, Ann. VI. (1658), 551. After they had ran violently upon one another with their *forebeaks; the Royalist for a while endured the enemies brunt pretty well: but soon after, they were made to run, and the Romans obtained a complete and famous victory.

1591.  Harington, Orl. Fur., XIII. xv.

1580.  Blundevil, Horses Diseases, cxi. 51 b. With your hande daube all the shoulder [of the horse] from the maine downward, and betwixt the *forebowels, all against the haire, and let not the horse departe out of that place, vntill the charge be surely fastned vnto the skinne.

1674.  N. Cox, Gentl. Recreat., v. (1688), 65. You shall observe your Horse’s Sweat, under his Saddle, and Forebowels, if it appear White.

1591.  Percivall, Sp. Dict., Copete, the *forebush of the haire.

1727.  Swift, etc., Sylv., Misc., IV. 137.

1526.  Househ. Ord. (1790), 205. Item, for the charge of one cart for carriage of the King’s sadles, bridles, bytts, *forecloathes, and other necessaries.

1627.  Crt. & Times Chas. I. (1848), I. 256. He would not enter the town that night, but lay in the field all night with two horses’ forecloths under and two cloaks over him.

1668.  Etheredge, She wou’d if She cou’d, III. iii.

1591.  News fr. Scotl., in Brand, Pop. Antiq. (1849), III. 8. Found the enemy’s mark to be in her [the witch’s] *forecrag, or forepart of her throat, and then she confessed all.

1523.  Fitzherb., Husb., § 57. Se that they [fatte-oxen or kye] be soft on the *fore-croppe, behynde the shulder.

1598.  Barret, Theor. Warres, III. i. 43. Each one hauing a care to his *forefellowes, they shall at one instant, discharge altogether at one vollie vpon the enemy, and so retire, giuing place to other troupes.

1796.  W. Marshall, Midl. Co., I. 355 (E.D.S.). A projection of fat, upon the ribs, immediately behind the shoulder, that it may be easily gathered up in the hand, as the flank of a fat bullock. Hence it has gained, in technical language, the name of the *FOREFLANK.

1856.  Farmer’s Mag., IX. Jan., 10/1. He was especially good in his back and fore-flank, and carried a large amount of roasting beef.

1589.  Nashe, Pasquill & Marforius, 12. Penry the welchman the *foregallant of the Morrice, with the treble belles, shot through the wit with a Woodcocks bill.

a. 1658.  Ford, etc., Witch Edmonton, II. i. If you that be minded to follow your Leader, know me, an ancient Honor belonging to our house, for a Fore-horse, team, and for gallant in a Morrice: my Father’s Stable is not unfurnish’d.

1496.  in Ld. Treas. Accts. Scotl. (1877), I. 300. Fore towis, harnys [printed harmys], and quhelis, and all *fore gere.

1560.  Rolland, The Court of Venus, IV. 613.

1528.  Tindale, Obed. Chr. Man, 91 b. Christe hath brought vs all into the inner temple within the vayle or *forehanginge and vnto the mercy stole of God.

1881.  Raymond, Mining Gloss., *Fore-hearth. A projecting bay in the front of a blast-furnace hearth, under the tymp.

1880.  Lib. Univ. Knowl., XIII. 76. The brine, after it has been ‘graduated’ to a sufficient specific gravity, is placed in large shallow iron pans called the *‘foreheaters,’ where it is boiled until the impurities have been deposited.

1602.  Carew, Cornwall, 76 a. Many sleights and tricks appertaine hereunto [‘wrastling’], in which, a skilfull weake man wil soone get the ouerhand of one that is strong and ignorant. Such are the Trip, fore-Trip, Inturne, the Faulx, forward and backward, the Mare, and diuers other like.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., *Fore-hooks. the same as breast-hooks.

1678.  Phillips, *Fore-knight and Main-knight, in Navigation are two short thick pieces of Wood carved with the head of a Man, fast bolted to the Beams upon the second Deck.

1891.  A. J. Foster, The Ouse, 170. First comes the *fore-lighter, with the name of the owner painted on the bows.

1626.  Bacon, Sylva, § 204. Sounds, though they spred round, so that (there is an orb, or spherical Area of the Sound) yet they move strongest, and go furthest in the *Fore-Lines, from the first Local Impulsion of the Air.

1822.  Good, Study Med. (1834), IV. 89. This *foremarch of nature should be timely checked, for it will otherwise assuredly lead to a very great debility of the system in general, and is usually found to stint the stature, and induce a premature old age.

1863.  Mrs. C. Clarke, Shaks. Char., xvi. 405. Upon due occasion, Antonio should always be cited as the *foremark and exemplar of a commercial nobleman; and the Venetians were a nobility of merchants.

1623.  Lisle, Ælfric on O. & N. Test., Pref. ¶ 5. The *fore page of this Worke.

1874.  Knight, Dict. Mech., I. 905/1. *Fore-piece. (Saddlery.) The flap attached to the fore-part of a side-saddle, to guard the rider’s dress.

1837.  Regul. & Ord. Army, 93. Repairs to Rifles, For long *Fore-pipe, brass 1s. 0d.

1536.  Lady Brian, Lett., in Strype, Eccl. Mem., I. App. lxxi. 172. She hath neither gowne nor kirtell, nor petticoat, nor no maner of linnin, nor *foresmocks, nor [etc.].

1496.  in Ld. Treas. Accts. Scotl. (1877), I. 298. Item, for iiij *fore sparris to turs to the oost.

1874.  Knight, Dict. Mech., I. 905/1. *Fore-starling. An ice-breaker in advance of the starling of a bridge.

1562.  J. Heywood, Prov. & Epigr. (1867), 203.

1611.  Speed, Hist. Gt. Brit., IX. v. § 27. Following the fore-steps of your famous Ancestors, leaue to your posterities both a noble patterne, and an euerlasting renowne.

1668.  Glanvill, in Phil. Trans., II. 770. A Rock called a *Fore-stone.

1867.  Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk., *Fore-thwart. The seat of the bowman in a boat.

1496.  [see foregear] *Foretowis.

1797.  Sporting Mag., X. Sept., 296/1. The *fore train consists of the neck, the shoulders, the breast, and the fore-legs; and the hind train, of the rump, the tail, the haunches, and the hind-legs.

1881.  Raymond, Mining Gloss., *Fore-winning. Advanced workings.

  b.  With reference to time: † fore-eatage, the opportunity of pasturing one’s cattle before others; † fore-fetch, a reaching forward in thought, fore-thought (see FETCH sb.¹ 1); † fore-goodsire = FORE-GRANDSIRE; † fore-great-grandfather = great-great-grandfather; fore-rent, ‘a year’s rent of a farm payable six months after entry’ (Jam.); † forestore, a store laid up beforehand; † fore-title, prescriptive title; † fore-wages (Sc.), wages paid in advance.

1641.  H. Best, Rural Economy in Yorkshire in 1641 (Surtees), 12. They may have the *fore-eatage of the towne-side and lands.

1554.  Bale, Decl. Bonner’s Art., xi. (1561), 35. He is a man of a great *fore fatche.

1535.  Stewart, Cron. Scot., III. 19.

a. 1693.  Urquhart, Rabelais, III. xxxvii. 310. Concerning Seiny Jhon the noted Fool of Paris, and Caillets, *fore-great Grandfather.

1809.  R. Kerr, Agric. Surv. Berwicksh., 141. The above mode of payment, in contradistinction to the before mentioned, is termed *fore-rent, or fore-hand rent.

1556.  J. Heywood, Spider & F., x. 110.

1611.  Speed, Hist. Gt. Brit., IX. viii. § 5. No man hath Right or any other *fore-Title to succeede another in a Kingdome, vnlesse first (with inuocation for Grace and Guidance of Gods Holy-Spirit) hee be by the body of the Kingdome therunto chosen.

1606.  Sc. Acts Jas. VI. (1816), IV. 287. Samony of thame as sall ressaue *foirwageis.