prefix (before a vowel sometimes reduced to ex-), repr. Gr. ἔξω, without, in many compounds of modern formation, as Exarteritis, Exoarteritis [see ARTERITIS], Path., inflammation of the outer coat of an artery. Exocardial a. Phys. [cf. CARDIAL], pertaining to the exterior of the heart. Exocarp [Gr. καρπ-ός fruit], (in fruits) the outermost layer of the pericarp; = EPICARP. Exochorion, Anat. [see CHORION], the outer layer of the chorion or membrane that encloses the fœtus. Exocœlar a. [CŒL-OM + -AR], pertaining to the outer side of the cœlom or body-cavity. Exoderm [Gr. δέρμα skin], the outer layer of the blastoderm; = ECTODERM; also, the external crust of the body of an insect. Exogastritis, Path. [see GASTRITIS], inflammation of the outer coat of the stomach. Exogenetic a. [Gr. γενετικός, f. γένεσις GENESIS], that arises from without. Exogynous a. [Gr. γυνή woman + -OUS], having the style projecting prominently out of the flower. Exonarthex [see NARTHEX], the outer vestibule of a Greek church (cf. ESONARTHEX). Exoneural a. [see NEURAL], operating outside the nerves; hence Exoneurally adv. Exopathic a. [Gr. πάθ-ος suffering + -IC], (of disease) originating outside the body (cf. AUTOPATHIC). Exophagous a. [Gr. φαγ-εῖν to eat + -OUS], (see quot.). Exophagy [as prec. + -Y], the habit of being exophagous. Exophyllous a. [Gr. φῦλλ-ον leaf + -OUS], (see quot.). Exoplasm [Gr. πλάσμα something molded or formed], the outermost layer of the cuticular protoplasm of some Protozoa (cf. ECTOPLASM, ENDOPLASM, s.v. ECTO-, ENDO-). Exopodite [Gr. ποδ- πούς foot + -ITE], ‘the outermost of the two processes appended to the basal process of the hinder limbs of some of the Crustacea’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence Exopoditic a. Exoptile a. Bot. [Gr. πτίλον feather], having a naked plumule. Exo(r)rhizal a. Bot. [Gr. ῥίζ-α root + -AL], (of plants) having the radicle naked, i.e., not enclosed in a sheath; also Exorrhizous a. Exoscopic a. [Gr. -σκοπ-ος watching], viewing from the outside; having regard to external appearances or relations; hence Exoscopically adv. Exoskeletal a. Anat., of or pertaining to the Exoskeleton, the external integument, whether bony or calcified, as in some animals, or leathery as in others; also fig. Exosperm, Bot. [Gr. σπέρμα seed]. Exospore, Bot. [see SPORE], the outer coat of a spore or oosphere in fungi or lichens; hence Exosporal a., pertaining to an exospore; Exosporous a., a term applied to fungi whose spores are on the outer surface of the sporangium. Exostome, Bot. [Gr. στόμα mouth], the aperture in the outer integument of the ovule. Exotheca, Zool. [Gr. θήκη case], the hard exterior wall of the gonosome of the Hydrozoa; hence Exothecal a., pertaining to the exotheca. Exothecium, Bot. [mod. Lat., f. Gr. θήκ-η case], ‘the cuticular or outer layer of the anther’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1866. A. Flint, Princ. Med. (1880), 315. The sign is called … sometimes, in contradistinction from the murmur produced by blood-currents within the heart, an *exocardial murmur.
1845. Gray, Bot. Text-bk., I. x. 252. *Exocarp.
1870. Hooker, Stud. Flora, 326. Euphorbia … valves with a coriaceous exocarp.
1857. Bullock, Cazeaux’ Midwifery, 195. The external … also called the *exochorion, is wholly destitute of vessels.
1879. trans. Haeckel’s Evol. Man, I. ix. 271. The *exocœlar, that is, the outer, or parietal cœlom—epithelium. Ibid., I. viii. 197. The protoplasm of the *exoderm cells.
1884. Syd. Soc. Lex., Exoderm.
1850. Neale, Hist. East. Ch., I. 245. The esonarthex opens on to the church by nine doors, to the *exonarthex by five.
1851. H. Mayo, Pop. Superst. (ed. 2), 73. To denote mental phenomena of the kind I am supposing, I propose the term *exoneural (ἔξω νεῦρον).
1881. W. F. Barrett, in Nature, XXIV. 212/2. There seemed to be a veritable exoneural action of the mind.
1881. J. Simon, ibid. 372/2. We see them [the various causes of death] as under two great heads, respectively autopathic and *exopathic.
1883. Pall Mall Gaz., 30 Nov., 5/1. The Indians are *‘exophagous,’ that is, do not eat members of their own tribe.
1839. Lindley, Introd. Bot., I. ii. 252. *Exophyllous; because the young leaves of … dicotyledons are always naked.
1888. Athenæum, 4 Feb., 151/1. The granulated structure of its *exoplasm … was described.
1870. Rolleston, Anim. Life, 92. The anterior extremities of the palpiform *exopodites.
1877. Huxley, Anat. Inv. Anim., vi. 281. The exopodite, metamorphosed into another such bowl, shuts down over the endopodite.
1870. Bentley, Bot., 120. Such a mode of root-development has been called *exorhizal.
1884. Syd. Soc. Lex., *Exorrhizous.
1816. Bentham, Chrestom., Wks. 1843, VIII. 94. Division of Politics and Government into Esoscopic … and *Exoscopic, i. e. external-concerns-regarding,—viz. Inter-national Government and Politics.
1853. Sylvester, in Phil. Trans., CXLIII. I. 409. The method becoming as it may be said endoscopic instead of being exoscopic, as in the first section. Ibid., note. The subject is treated … *exoscopically in the first and last sections.
1870. Rolleston, Anim. Life, Introd. 57. *Exoskeletal ossifications.
1877. Huxley, Anat. Inv. Anim., i. 55. From the epidermis, all cuticular and cellular exoskeletal parts … are developed.
1847. Todd, Cycl. Anat., III. 846/2. *Exoskeleton.
1864. H. Spencer, Illustr. Univ. Progr., 409. In the highest Annulosa, the exo-skeleton and the muscular system, never lose all traces of their segmentation.
1872. H. A. Nicholson, Palæont., 187. The Mollusca … commonly possessing an exoskeleton or shell.
1888. J. Jacobs, Bidpai, Intro. p. lii. These are the facts that form the exoskeleton of his life.
1859. Todd, Cycl. Anat., V. 246/2. The *exosporal membrane dehisces in three valves. Ibid., V. 246/1. The sporangium … burst by the swelling of the *exospore.
1882. Vines, Sachs’ Bot., 325. The exospore is usually smooth and often variously coloured.
1884. Syd. Soc. Lex., *Exosporous.
1845. Gray, Bot. Text-bk., I. ix. 241. The orifice of the primine is called the *Exostome, that of the secundine of the inner Endostome; literally the outer and the inner orifice.
1870. Hooker, Stud. Flora, 81. The arillus being produced from the exostome.
1877. Nicholson, in Encycl. Brit., VI. 374. They [the costæ of the coral] … may be united by transverse plates (*‘exothecal dissepiments’) which run horizontally across the intercostal spaces.
1870. Bentley, Bot., 239. An outer which … is called the *exothecium.
