a. and sb. Also 5–7 -ant, 6 -aunt(e. [ad. L. concurrent-em, pr. pple. of concurrĕre: see CONCUR and -ENT. Concurrens was common as an adj. in med.L., and concurrent was used in Fr. from 13th c. French influence is perh. accountable for the early spelling -a(u)nt.]
A. adj.
1. Running together in space, as parallel lines; going on side by side, as proceedings; occurring together, as events or circumstances; existing or arising together; conjoint, associated.
1495. Act 11 Hen. VII., c. 32 § 1. Every other thing concurrant that in that partie were requisite.
1534. Ld. Berners, Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), B iij. Nor all the philosophers … were concurrant in one time, but after the death of one good, an nother came better.
1547. Boorde, Brev. Health, Pref. 4. Yf … it have any other infirmytie concurrant with it.
1578. Banister, Hist. Man, I. 29. A broad, and deepe cauitie … through the which are concurrent, not a small number of tendons.
1622. Bacon, Hen. VII., 3. There were … concurrent in his Person, three severall Titles to the Imperiall Crowne.
1667. Boyle, Orig. Formes & Qual. Forms which … may be as fitly styl’d Coordinate or concurrent.
1741. Richardson, Pamela (1824), I. 6. The concurrent voices of both sexes.
1844. Williams, Real Prop. Law (1877), 175. The concurrent existence of two distinct systems of jurisprudence was a peculiar feature of English Law.
1876. Glen, Public Health Act, 1875, VI. (ed. 8), 254. Concurrent rates for repairs of highways are invalid if made for the same period of time.
b. Meeting in or tending to the same point; esp. in modern Geom. of three or more lines.
a. 1721. Prior, Conversation, 32. Like lines concurrent to their center.
1879. Ruskin, Lett. to Clergy, 44. The pressure of the concurrent crowd.
1881. J. Casey, Sequel to Euclid (1882), 3. DEF.—When three or more lines pass through the same point they are said to be concurrent.
1885. Leudesdorf, Cremona’s Proj. Geom., 155. If then four concurrent straight lines … are given.
2. Acting in conjunction; cooperating; contributing to the same effect.
1532. More, Confut. Tindale, Wks. 583/2. Manne can not tourne vnto him without … concurraunte helpe of goddes especial grace.
1545. Raynold, Byrth Mankynde, 137. Thre principal partes concurrent to the same.
1651. Baxter, Inf. Bapt., 342. It is reall Baptism that is here mentioned, the Spirit being spoken of as a concurrent cause.
1706. De Foe, Jure Div., XI. 246. Concurrent Parliament supports his Throne.
1875. H. E. Manning, Mission H. Ghost, ii. 36. He … gives them the concurrent assistance of His own power.
3. Accordant, agreeing, consistent, harmonious; expressing concurrence.
1542. Boorde, Dyetary, x. (1870), 252. The contrarye vsage, whiche is not concurraunt with nature.
1556. J. Heywood, Spider & F., xxiv. 76. This case to lordes and tenauntes is concurrant.
1660. R. Coke, Power & Subj., 145. A concurrent consent of all Histories.
1762. J. Brown, Poetry & Mus., iv. (1763), 42. By Shouts of Sympathy or concurrent Approbation.
1772. Sir W. Jones, Ess., i. (1777), 164. The beauties of Yemen are proved by the concurrent testimony of all travellers.
1866. J. Martineau, Ess., I. 136. The results are remarkable and concurrent.
4. Law. Covering the same ground (hence, in the case of titles = conflicting); having authority or jurisdiction on the same matters; coordinate.
1531. Dial. Laws Eng., I. ix. (1638), 20. If two titles be concurrent together … the eldest title shall be preferred.
1579. Fenton, Guicciard. (1618), 172. They had made the Count Rainuce concurrant with him in authoritie.
1767. Blackstone, Comm., II. 513. The chancery has a concurrent jurisdiction with them. Ibid. (1768), III. 40. In some of them the king’s bench has also a concurrent authority.
1861. May, Const. Hist. (1863), I. vii. 462. Differences between concurrent jurisdictions, which no other power was competent to reconcile.
b. Concurrent lease: a lease made before another is expired, and so existing for part of the time side by side with the other.
1622. Jas. I., Instruct. conc. Bps. (T.). Every bishop, that shall be nominated by us to another bishoprick, shall … not presume to make any … concurrent lease.
1767. Blackstone, Comm., II. 321. Where there is an old lease in being, no concurrent lease shall be made, unless where the old one will expire within three years.
1848. Wharton, Law Lex., 365/1. If a lease be made for life or years, to one, and afterwards the lessor make a lease for years, to another, the second lease is a concurrent lease … if the first lease be for twenty years, and the second lease be for thirty years, and both begin at one time, the second lease is good for the last ten years.
c. Fire Insurance. Used to signify that all the Companies insuring a particular risk have accepted equal or proportionate amounts of the total sum insured, and have adopted precisely similar policy wordings, clauses, and warranties, so that in the event of fire, all shall be assessed on one identical basis in the determination of their various contributory proportions of the loss.
1873. Walford, Insur. Cycl., Concurrent Policies … are such as are concurrent as regards property covered without reference to average or other conditions.
1890. Lett. from Western Assurance Co. of Toronto has the phrases ‘$80,000 total concurrent insurance allowed’; ‘other insurances (concurrent in form) permitted without notice,’ etc.
B. sb.
1. A concurrent circumstance, a contributory cause.
[1502. Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W., 1506), IV. xxi. 259. Whan all these condycyons shall be togyder and concurentes.]
1667. Decay Chr. Piety, vi. § 19. 256. Consider how few steps he has to the end of his unhappy journey, though no extrinsic concurrent should hasten his pace.
1836–7. Sir W. Hamilton, Lect. Metaph. (1877), I. iii. 59. Each of these three concurrents must be considered as a partial cause, for, abstract any one, and the effect is not produced.
2. A rival claimant, a competitor. Now rare (exc. as a Gallicism).
1581. Savile, Tacitus’ Hist., III. xxxviii. 137. Your maiesty … nourisheth a concurrent [æmulum].
1602. Carew, Cornwall (1723), 154 a. S. Michaels Mount, looketh so aloft, as it brooketh no concurrent, for the highest place.
a. 1670. Hacket, Cent. Serm. (1675), 313. A Rebel, that had set up a concurrent against his lawful King.
1747. Carte, Hist. Eng., I. 553. He could scarce keep his ground against his concurrent for the throne.
1841. D’Israeli, Amen. Lit., I. 239. Like … his unknown concurrents in Germany.
1865. Morning Star, 12 Dec. The Opposition favourite must, in the long run, beat all concurrents.
† 3. A person or thing coexistent or contemporary with another. Obs.
1622. Bacon, Hen. VII., Wks. (1860), 478. If a man should compare him with the kings his concurrents in France and Spain.
1668. Howe, Bless. Righteous (1825), 126. But besides what it carries in itself, there are other (more extrinsical) concurrents that do further signalize this season.
4. Sc. Law. One who accompanies a sheriff’s-officer as witness or assistant.
1815. Scott, Guy M., xxxiii. ‘Mac Guffog, the thief-taker, and twa or three concurrents, had a man in hands in the kitchen.’ Ibid. (1816), Antiq., xli. ‘I ken it frae ane o’ his concurrents, as they ca’ them, that ’s warned to meet him.’
5. In the Calendar: † a. = EPACT 1 b. Obs. rare.
1561. Eden, Arte Nauig., II. vi. 30 b. The concurrent of euery yeare, is the number of the dayes passed of the coniunction of the Moone at the begynnyng of Marche. Ibid., 31. This nomber of Epact or concurrent is founde.
b. ‘One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks;—so called because they concur with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow’ (Webster).
† 6. Used to render med.L. Concorezzenses, a subdivision of the Albigenses in 12–13th c., named from Concorezzo or Concoreggio in Italy: see Mosheim, 12th Cent., I. v. § 5. Obs.
1580. Fulke, Stapleton Confut. (Parker Soc.), 77. The Protestants are at great variance among themselves; not for learnings sake, as the Concurrents in Italy.
¶ A false singular from concurrents, erroneous form of CONCURRENCE: cf. ACCIDENCE.
1605. Camden, Rem. (1637), 266. Whoeuer will … consider the comportment of the English nation, the concurrent of martial men.
a. 1635. Naunton, Fragm. Reg. (1st ed. 1641), in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793), 174. The concurrent [ed. 1653 current] of her fame carries it to this day.
1635. Swan, Spec. M. (1670), 40. By their help and concurrant.
