Camph-

abbreviation of CAMPHOR, taken as a stem on which to form names of related chemical substances, as Camphene, a terpene contained in camphor oil from Laurus camphora; a crystalline colorless mass; generic name for the hydrocarbons isomeric or polymeric with oil of turpentine (C₁₀H₁₆); = TEREBENE. Campherone, a camphene of the second order (see quot.). Camphilene, ‘Deville’s name for the camphene obtained by treating hydrochlorate of turpentine oil with lime; also any camphene of the third order’ (Watts). Camphine, the commercial name of an illuminating oil procured by distillation from common turpentine; also attrib. Camphogen, according to Watts = CYMENE, C₁₀H₁₄; but apparently also loosely used for camphene and camphine. Camphol, † applied by Gerhardt to common camphor; but by Berthelot to C₁₀H₁₈O, regarded as the alcohol of a series of which Borneol is one variety, and common camphor the aldehyde. Campholic acid, C₁₀H₁₈O₂. Camphyl, the radical of Camphol, C₁₀H₁₇; whence Camphylic a.

1839–47.  Todd, Cycl. Anat., III. 152/6. Camphor … is now found to be an oxide of *camphene.

1873.  Watts, Fownes’ Chem., 779. A crystallised hydrocarbon, called camphene.

1863–79.  Watts, Dict. Chem., I. 724. A camphene often yields several isomeric modifications by treatment with different acids, or by repeated treatment with the same acid. The new camphenes thus produced are called camphenes of the second order, or sometimes *campherenes. Another class, called camphenes of the third order, or sometimes *camphilenes, are obtained by the action of lime or baryta at high temperatures on the hydrochlorates of other camphenes.

1842.  Mech. Mag., XXXVII. 380. Lamp for burning oil and *Camphine.

1849.  Miss Mulock, Ogilvies, xxxvi. (1875), 275. This camphine is always too dull or too bright.

1850.  Kingsley, Alt. Locke, iii. (1876), 37. Ye comfortable folks who … grow wise in an easy chair with … a camphine lamp.

c. 1865.  Letheby, in Circ. Sc., I. 106/1. Oil of turpentine, or camphine.

1863–79.  Watts, Dict. Chem., I. 726. *Camphogen, Dumas’ name for the hydrocarbon C¹⁰H¹⁴, obtained from camphor by the action of phosphoric anhydride; it is identical with cymene. Ibid. The several bodies to which the name *camphol has been applied, are isomeric but not identical, being especially distinguished by their different rotatory power.

1876.  Harley, Mat. Med., 703. A solid crystalline camphor, called borneol or camphol. Ibid. *Camphylic alcohol, of which common or laurel camphor is the aldehyd.

1876.  trans. Schützenberger’s Ferment., 30. The presence of *camphyl alcohol.