before a vowel properly zo-, repr. Gr. ζῳο-, combining form of ζῷον animal, occurring in numerous scientific and technical terms, of which the more important will be found in their alphabetical places. (The second element is usually and properly from Greek, but in a few recent words from Latin or English.)
In biological and botanical terms the prefix sometimes denotes the power of spontaneous movement (formerly supposed to be a distinctive characteristic of animals): see zoogamete, zoogonidium, zoosperm, zoozygosphere; ZOOSPORE.
ǁ Zoocarp [Gr. καρπός fruit], † (a) a former name for certain algæ of low organization, then supposed by some to be animals; (b) a zoospore. ǁ Zoocaulon [mod.L., f. Gr. καυλός stalk] (see quot.). Zoochemistry, the chemistry of animal bodies; so Zoochemical a. Zooculture = zoctechny; so Zoocultural a. ǁ Zoocytium, pl. -ia [mod.L., after SYNCYTIUM] (see quot.). ǁ Zoodendrium, pl. -ia [mod.L., alter SYNDENDRIUM] (see quot.). Zoodynamics, the dynamics of animal bodies; so Zoodynamic a. Zooerythrin, also zoonerythrin [irreg. for *zoerythrin, f. Gr. ἐρυθρός red], a red pigment found in the plumage of the touracos, and in sponges. Zoofulvin [L. fulvus tawny], a yellow pigment found in the plumage of the touracos. Zoogamete, a motile gamete: PLANOGAMETE. Zoogeology, that branch of geology which deals with fossil animal remains, palæozoology; so Zoogeological a., pertaining to zoogeology; Zoogeologist, one versed in zoogeology. ǁ Zoogonidium, pl. -ia [mod.L.: see GONIDIUM], a motile gonidium. Zoomagnetism, animal magnetism. Zoomancy [-MANCY], divination by observing the actions of animals. Zoomania (nonce-wd.), a mania or insane fondness for animals. Zoomantist, one who practises zoomancy. Zoomechanics = zoodynamics; so Zoomechanical a. Zoomelanin, the black pigment of animal bodies, MELANIN; spec. as found in the feathers of birds. Zoometry [-METRY], measurement of the dimensions and proportions of the bodies of animals; so Zoometric a. Zoomythic a., belonging to a mythology in which the deities are represented in the form of animals. Zoonose [Gr. νόσος disease], a disease communicated from one kind of animal to another or to a human being; so Zoonosology, the study of the diseases of animals; Zoonosologist, one who pursues this study. Zoo-organic (bad formation for *zoorganic) a., belonging to animal organs or organisms. Zoopathologist, Zoopathology = zoonosologist, -logy. ǁ Zoophobia [mod.L.: see -PHOBIA], morbid or superstitious fear of animals. Zoophysics, the study of physics in relation to animal bodies; so Zoophysical a., pertaining to zoophysics. Zoophysiology, animal physiology. Zooplankton [PLANKTON], floating animal organisms collectively. Zooplastic a. [see PLASTIC], forming figures of animals or living beings. Zoopsychology, animal psychology, the study of mental phenomena in animals. Zooscopic a. [Gr. σκοπεῖν to view], † (a) examining or studying animals, zoological (obs.); (b) applied to a species of hallucination (Zooscopy) in which imaginary animal forms are seen, as in delirium tremens. Zoosematic a. [Gr. σῆμα sign]: see ZOIC, quot. 1895–6. Zoosophy [Gr. σοφία wisdom], the knowledge or study of animals: † (a) the art of keeping and breeding animals (obs.); (b) the science of zoology (Oken). Zoosperm, (a) = SPERMATOZOON; (b) = ZOOSPORE; hence Zoospermatic a. Zootazy [Gr. τάξις arrangement], zoological classification, systematic zoology. Zootechny [Gr. τέχνη art], the art of rearing and using animals for any purpose; so Zootechnic a., pertaining to zootechny: Zootechnics = zootechny. ǁ Zootheca, pl. -æ [mod.L., f. Gr. θήκη case], the case or sheath inclosing a zoosperm. ǁ Zootheciam, pl. -ia [mod.L., f. Gr. θήκιον, dim. of θήκη: see prec.], the tubular sheath produced and inhabited by certain Infusoria. Zootheism [see THEISM], the attribution of deity to animals (cf. ZOOLATRY); hence Zootheistic a., pertaining to or characterized by zootheism. Zoothome [Gr. θωμός heap] (see quot.). ǁ Zootokon Gr. ζωοτόκον, neut. of ζωοτόκος viviparous], a viviparous animal. Zootrophy [ad. Gr. ζῳοτροφία, f. ζῴον animal + τρίφειν to breed, rear, tend, etc.], the practice of rearing or tending animals. Zootype, an animal, or figure of one, used as the type of a deity, as in Egyptian hieroglyphics. Zootypic a., pertaining to the animal type or types. Zooxanthin [Gr. ξανθός yellow], a (? yellow) pigment obtained from the red feathers of certain birds. Zoozygosphere [see ZYGO-, and cf. OOSPHERE], a motile spherical cell produced by conjugation: proposed as a substitute for zoogamete.
1843. Penny Cycl., XXVII. 804. *Zoocarpes, the name given to certain organized bodies … variously classed … as animals or plants,… placed by botanists in the natural order Algæ.… It is in the lower forms more particularly that the Zoocarps occur.
1888. Cassell’s Encycl. Dict., Zoocarp.… A zoospore.
1880. Saville-Kent, Man. Infusoria, 874. *Zoocaulon … title conferred by the author on the erect tentaculiferous branching colony-stocks of the genus Dendrosoma.
1845. G. E. Day, trans. Simon’s Anim. Chem., I. 87. *Zoochemical analyses are instituted for the purpose of ascertaining … the … constituents of animal substances.
1865. Nat. Hist. Rev., July, 352. [Zoology] consequently divides itself into … Zootomy, or the dissection of all the formative parts of the body: *Zoochemistry, or their chemical investigation.
1898–9. Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol., p. cxiii. Agricultural and *zoocultural industries.
1900. Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., 65. That condition of toleration between animals and men which normally precedes domestication, and forms the first step in *zooculture.
1880. Saville-Kent, Man. Infusoria, I. 286. Spongomonas…. Animalcules … living in social colonies, and forming by excretion a common domicile, which takes the form of a … gelatinous or semi-granular *zoocytium, within which they remain constantly immersed. Ibid., 265. Dendromonas…. Animalcules … stationed singly at the extremities of an erect,… variously branching pedicle or *zoodendrium.
1888. Encycl. Brit., XXIV. 803. *Zoo-Dynamics, Zoo-Physics, Zoo-Chemistry.
1882. Proc. Zool. Soc., 410. Another red pigment is the *zooerythrin; first extracted by Bogdanow from Calurus auriceps.
1885. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., XXXVIII. 321. Under this name [sc. luteins] are also included allied pigments, such as carotin, zoonerythrin.
1882. Proc. Zool. Soc., 415. All other green feathers [than those of the Musophagidæ] contain only either *zoofulvin or a black-brown pigment.
1880. Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci., XX. 418. In the proposed system … Strasburger’s *‘zoogametes’ or ‘planogametes’ must enjoy the somewhat cumbrous name of ‘zoozygospheres,’ the prefix ‘zoo’ or suffix ‘zoid’ being always used to denote an apparently spontaneous power of motion.
1861. Geikie, E. Forbes, xv. 543. The *zoo-geological researches of Edward Forbes. Ibid., 537. It is mainly as a *zoo-geologist or palæontologist that he will take rank. Ibid., 536. The transition from these fields of inquiry to that of palæontology or *zoo-geology.
1880. Bessey, Bot., 221. Each *zoogonidium breaks itself up into sixteen new zoogonidia.
1864. T. Shorter, Two Worlds, 19. Familiar with *zoo-magnetism and clairvoyance.
1841. Hor. Smith, Moneyed Man, xxi. That attachment to birds and animals … has afforded me no little … solace, though you have sometimes been pleased to term it a *zoo-mania.
1861. F. Hall, in Jrnl. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 198, note. Vasantáraja Bhatta, the *zoomantist.
1897. Nat. Sci., June, 412. Roux claims that *zoomechanical methods are of primary importance.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Zoomechanics.
1897. Nat. Sci., June, 412. To tack on the word ‘mechanics’ to zoology and re-christen it ‘zoomechanics’ in a general philosophical sense is not to create a new science.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1085. *Zoomelanin. A name applied by Bogdanow … to the black pigment of birds’ feathers, probably identical with the melanin of the choroid coating of the eye.
1878. Bartley, trans. Tepinard’s Anthrop., ii. 81. Osteometry itself is only a part of what should be called *zoometry.
1889. Nature, 5 Dec., 99/2. Their *zoo-mythic conceptions of their divinities.
1876. trans. Wagner’s Gen. Pathol., 132. The *zoonoses,… in which there is a transference between individuals of different species, and for the most part from animals to man.
1860. Mayne, Expos. Lex., *Zöomosologist … name for him who studies specially the diseases of cattle, or zöonosology. Ibid., Zöonosology.
1821. Coleridge, Lett. (1895), 712. Vital or *zoo-organic power, instinct and understanding, fall all three under the same definition in genere.
1879. Webster, Suppl., *Zoopathology.
1884. W. Williams, Vet. Med. (ed. 4), 4. Pathology, or more properly, when applied to the lower animals, Zoo-Pathology.
1901. Amer Anthrop. (N.S.), III. 12. Experience of superior faculty awakens consciousness of superior power … and rends the shackles of *zoöphobia.
1888. Encycl. Brit., XXIV. 803. *Zoophysics [see zoodynamics]. Ibid., 816/1. Schwann united two lines of inquiry, viz., that of minute investigation of structure and development and that of zoo-chemistry and zoo-physics.
1865. Nat. Hist. Rev., July, 352. [Zoology] divides itself into many … branches, amongst which we may indicate … *Zoophysiology, or the science of the functions of the organs.
1901. Lancet, 3 Dec., 1801/1. Shallow pools of clear water which were rich in *zooplankton.
1870. Ruskin, Aratra Pent., ii. Wks. 1872, III. 31. The great mimetic instinct underlies all such purpose [sc. the fashioning of figures of living creatures]; and is *zooplastic, life-shaping.
1847. trans. Feuchtersleben’s Med. Psychol., 19. The study of animal psychology (*zoo-psychology, comparative psychology).
1816. Bentham, Chrestom., Wks. 1843, VIII. 87. *Zooscopic or Zoologic Physiurgics.
1890. Science, XV. 43. This condition of zoöscopic hallucination is one of the commonest among the phenomena of alcohol poisoning.
1662. J. Chandler, Van Helmont’s Oriat., 163. The other Son … noted the properties and Societies of living Creatures; whence by the undoubted hope of a Flock, a quiet life is led: This indeed, was *Zoosophie or the wisdom of keeping living Creatures together.
1854. Spencer, Ess., iv. (1858), 166. Biology … divides into Organogeny, Phytosophy, Zoosophy.
1836–9. Todd’s Cycl. Anat., II. 112/1. The *Zoosperm appears to be a moving filament like a minute Vibrio.
1838. Penny Cycl., XII. 270/1. According to his principles of *zootaxy.
1890. O. T. Mason, in Amer. Anthrop. (N.S.), I. 46. The industries of the American aborigines, in connection with … animal life…, may be divided into *zoötechnic provinces.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Zootechnics.
1900. Deniker, Races of Man, Introd. (ed. 2), 4. [In] the genus Homo … one can neither speak of the ‘species,’ the ‘variety,’ nor the ‘race’ in the sense that is usually attributed to these words in zoology or in zootechnics.
1879. De Quatrefages, Hum. Spec., 61. Anyone who possesses even the smallest knowledge of zoology and *zootechny.
1861. Bentley, Man. Bot., 376. The antheridium … is filled at maturity with a number of minute cells, which have been termed *zoothecæ.
1880. Saville-Kent, Man. Infusoria, I. 61. For these aggregations of … simple loricæ the distinctive title of *zoöthecia has been adopted.
1889. Pop. Sci. Monthly, Nov., 62. In the stage of barbarism all the phenomena of nature are attributed to the animals … or rather to the ancestral types of these animals, which are worshiped. This is the religion of *zoötheism. Ibid., Dec., 208. The prophets tried to pull the Israelites too rapidly through the *zoötheistic and physitheistic stages into monotheism.
1872. Dana, Corals, i. 48. The compound mass produced by budding … was called … a Zoöphyte. As a substitute the term *Zoöthome may be employed.
1661. Lovell, Hist. Anim. & Min., 132. They [sc. bats] are *zootokons, only, amongst all flying creatures, and bring forth in holes, two young ones at a time.
1877. G. Macdonald, Marq. Lossie, xxxix. Pigs, which, with all her *zootrophy, Clementina did not like.
1905. Daily Chron., 4 Sept., 3/1. Egyptian hieroglyphics and Totemic *zootypes.
1897. Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., 454. Out of this worm-form type … all the higher ranges of *zootypic evolution have sprung.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1085. *Zooxanthin. The colouring-matter of the red feathers of Calurus auriceps.
1880. *Zoozygosphere [see zoogamete].
