v. Obs. Past tense of GO v. (= went, went away, proceeded, took his course). [12th cent. ME. (north-east midland) ȝeode, ȝede (iede), prob. altered form of OE., ME. eode (ede, ode), pa. t. of GO v., by prothesis of ȝ-glide induced by the hiatus in such collocations as he eode, we eoden. Later, when the form ȝode, arising from the development of eo as a rising diphthong, became established, it would help to extend the currency of the form ȝede by analogical influence upon ede, the normal representative of éode with a falling diphthong. A parallel development is furnished by ME. York, Yerk:—OE. Eoforwíc (see YORK). Moreover, the OE. compound form ʓeéode, pa. t. of ʓegán IGO v., examples of which are here given with the meaning of the simple éode, may have survived in localities where the prefix ȝe- = Y- persisted in ME., and so have furthered the spread of ȝede and ȝode.
Beowulf, 1967. Hi sið druʓon, elne ʓeeodon. Ibid., 2676. Ac se maʓa ʓeonga under his mæʓes scyld elne ʓeeode.
c. 725. Corpus Gloss. (Hessels), A 217. Adgrediuntur, ʓeeodun [Epinal 76 ʓihiodun].
c. 950. Lindisf. Gosp., Matt. xx. 5. Exiit, ʓe-eode. Ibid., John x. 23. Ambulabat, ʓe-eade.]
Illustration of Forms.
α. 2–4 ȝeode (4 ȝiode).
a. 1122. O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1070. Hi … ʓeodon into þe mynstre.
c. 1260. K. Horn (Camb. MS.), 401. He ȝeode in wel riȝte To Rymenhild þe briȝte.
c. 1275. Lay., 25331–2. Ofte hii ȝeode [c. 1205 eoden] to reade, ofte hii ȝeode to roune.
c. 1305. Judas, 31, in E. E. P. (1862), 108. Þe quene ȝeode adai and pleide bi þe stronde.
13[?]. Cursor M., 19920 (Edin.). Quen þai of Petir undirstode, His coming, sone gain him þai ȝiode.
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), IV. 397. A lampe … in þat hevene … þat ȝede [MS. γ ȝeode] adoun westward as it were þe sonne.
a. 1400. Pistill of Susan, 228. To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden [v.rr. ȝedyn, ȝede] wel ȝare.
c. 1400. R. Gloucester’s Chron. (Rolls), 8409 (MS. α). Þoru wham þe heþene men ȝeoden al to schonde.
β. 2 ʓæde, iede, iæde, 2–5 ȝede, 3–4 ȝiede, 4 ȝide, ȝed, yhed, Sc. ȝheid, 4–5 ȝeide, ȝhede, ȝeede, 4–6 yeede, (also 9 Sc.) yede, 5 ȝeyde, ȝhed, Sc. ȝheide, 5–6 Sc. ȝeid, yeid, 5–6 (8 Sc.) yeed, 6 yheid, yead(e, 8 yee’d.
a. 1122. O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1070. Syððon ʓeden heom to scipe, ferden heom to Eliʓ. Ibid. (1154), an. 1137. Sume ieden on ælmes þe waren sum wile rice men. Ibid. Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here hæued & uurythen to ðet it ʓæde to þe hærnes. Ibid., 1140. Scæ fleh & iæde on fote to Walingford.
c. 1200. Vices & Virtues, 69. Ðies ȝunge mann ȝiede awei sari.
1297. R. Glouc. (Rolls), 1766. Ac basian & al is folc ȝede anon to gronde.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 1086. Quen caym had don þat dreri dide, Til his fader hamward he ȝeide. Ibid., 21093. He prechid þare wiþ fote he ȝide.
c. 1330. R. Brunne, Chron. Wace (Rolls), 14308. Þyse were þe lordes of renoun Þat on Moddredes side ȝed doun.
c. 1340. Richard Rolle of Hampole, Prick of Conscience, 4851. Þat day, þat Loth yhed out of Sodome.
1340–70. Alisaunder, 304. Hur ȝates ȝeede þei too & youlden hem soone.
1375. Barbour, Bruce, I. 90. Bot othir wayis all ȝheid the gle. Ibid., 333. And till swylk thowlesnes he ȝeid, As the courss askis off ȝowtheid.
1423. Acts Privy Council, III. 97. He yeed in ambassiate to … ye Kyng of Polayn.
c. 1470. Golagros & Gaw., 228. The day yeid doun.
1487. Cely Papers (Camden), 158. I had xxli more wheyr of ȝeyde xijll and mor for carryayge of wholl.
1508. Dunbar, Kynd Kittok, 33. Becaus the wif ȝeid wrang.
1566. Drant, Horace, Sat., v. C vij. When you … yeade to Louaine there to heare the Latine Romishe worde.
1575. Gammer Gurton, IV. ii. My Gammer then she yeede, see now hir neele again to bring.
1583. Leg. Bp. St. Androis, 327. With this the word yead through the toun.
a. 1600. Montgomerie, Devot. Poems, iii. 29. That leddir … Quhairby the angels come and ȝeid From hevin to earth.
1768. Ross, Helenore, I. 7. They Yeed hand in hand together.
1808. Jamieson, Yede is still used in Ang[us] although almost obsolete.
β2. 3–4 ȝet.
c. 1275. Lay., 2647. Þis wes þe ereste king þet ȝet vt to reuing.
c. 1375. Sc. Leg. Saints, xxix. (Placidas), 297. Þane wes þe feynd wondir wa, Þat placydas lewit hym sa & ȝet on crist.
γ. 3–5 ȝod, 4–5 yhode, (also 6 Sc.) ȝode, (also 7–8 dial.) yod, (4 ȝood, ȝodd, yoede, 5 ȝ-, yoode, 6 yood, Sc. ȝoid, 7 youd), 4–6 (6–9 arch.) yode.
c. 1250. Gen. & Ex., 2030. Sone ȝhe mai hire louerd sen, Ȝhe ȝod him bitterlike a-ȝen.
a. 1300. Cursor M., 1806. He wist noght wyder-ward he ȝodd. Ibid., 6264. Þe see on aiþer side þam stod Als walles tua, quils þai for yod. Ibid. (13[?]), 24360 (Gött.). Þe nailes þat him fest on rode Thoru in hend and fete þai ȝode.
13[?]. Gaw. & Gr. Knt., 1146. A hundreth of hunteres … To trystors vewters ȝod.
c. 1400. Melayne, 449. The fire ȝode owtt þat come þer nee.
c. 1400. [see GO v. B. 21 b].
c. 1440. York Myst., ix. 25. My frendis þat I fra yoode Are ouere flowen with floode.
c. 1450. St. Cuthbert (Surtees), 643. Him thoght oute of þe shipp he yhode.
1513. Douglas, Æneis, II. xii. 21. Throw howsis and the citie quhar I ȝoid.
1524. in Ellis, Orig. Lett., Ser. I. I. 244. Saing if he yode awaye she must neds do for her self.
a. 1533. Ld. Berners, Huon, clxiii. 636. He issued out of the gate and yode towardes the tentes of his enemyes.
1590. Spenser, F. Q., I. x. 53. Such one, as that same mighty man of God, That bloud-red billowes … disparted with his rod, Till that his army dry-foot through them yod. Ibid. (1596), IV. viii. 34. So forth they yode, and forward softly paced.
1600. Fairfax, Tasso, XX. xcii. An arned stead fast by the Soldan yood.
1615. Brathwait, Strappado (1878), 130. A lang youd I.
a. 1650. Glasgerion, 46, in Furniv. & Hales, Percy Folio, I. 250. He did not kisse that Lady gay when he came nor when he youd.
1748. Thomson, Cast. Indol., II. xxxv. And much they moraliz’d as thus yfere they yode.
1808. Scott, Marm., III. xxxi. In other pace than forth he yode, Returned Lord Marmion.
γ2. 4 ȝot, yot.
13[?]. E. E. Allit. P., A. 10. I leste hyr in on erbere, Þurȝ gresse to grounde hit fro me yot.
c. 1380. Sir Ferumb., 3690. A rideþ to Richard wyþ a spere,… & on þe scheld hym smot; þorȝ-out ys scheld … & iakke & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot.
δ. 4 ȝud, 4–5 yude, (yhude, ȝhude, 5 ȝhuyde), 4–6 ȝude, 7 dial. yud, 7–8 dial. yewd.
1375. Barbour, Bruce, XII. 560. Quhill throu the byrneis brist the blud, That till the erd doune stremand ȝud [MS. Edin. ȝhude].
1387. Trevisa, Higden (Rolls), V. 423. Þe kyng meked hym, and ȝeede [MS. γ ȝude] barfoot.
c. 1425. Wyntoun, Cron., II. v. 330. His breþir … Slew a kyde and in þe blude Wet þe gowne þat he in ȝhuyde.
a. 1550[?]. Freiris of Berwik, 563, in Dunbar’s Poems, 303. And throw the myre full smertly than he ȝude.
1674. Ray, N. C. Words, 55. leid or Yod: Went, Yaving: Going.
ε. 5 yad.
1424. in Picton, L’pool Munic. Rec. (1883), I. 23. The Sheriffs … yadden up to the West Derby fen.
c. 1435. Torr. Portugal, 1192. His squiers habite he had, Whan he to the deyse yad.
