Before a vowel xanth-, repr. Gr. ξανθο-, combining form of ξανθός yellow; occurring as the first element in various compounds and derivatives, chiefly terms of chemistry, mineralogy, and pathology; the more important of these are given in their alphabetical places.
(Sometimes also erroneously Zantho-: see X.)
1. Chem. In names of, or adjectives relating to, various compounds: (a) of a yellow color, as xanthæmatin, xanthaline, xanthocobalt, -cobaltic, xanthocreatine (-creatinine), xanthophane [Gr. φαν-, stem of φαίνειν to cause to appear], xanthopicrin (-picrite) [Gr. πικρός bitter], xanthoprotein, xanthopsin [Gr. ὄψις sight], xanthopuccine [PUCCOON], xanthopurpurin, xanthorhamnin; xanthophenic, xanthoproteic, xanthotannic, xanthydric [Gr. ὔδωρ water] adjs.; (b) derived from or related to xanthic acid (XANTHIC 1 b), as xanthamide, xantharin, xanthelene; xantheic, xanthomethylic adjs.; (c) derived from or related to xanthycric acid, as xanthane (-an): see quots.
1860. Mayne, Expos. Lex., *Xanthæmatin … Term by Brett and Bird for a yellow, bitter substance found by dissolving hematin in weak nitric acid.
1893. Pharmaceut. Jrnl., 25 March, 793/2. *Xanthaline—A New Opium Alkaloid (C37H36N2O2).
1855. Watts, trans. Gmelin’s Hand-bk. Chem., IX. 276. *Xanthamide. C6NH7S2O2. Ibid., 277. Xanthamide exposed in a distillatory apparatus to a gradually increasing temperature is resolved into mercaptan and cyanuric acid. Ibid. (1868), Dict. Chem., V. 1049. *Xanthan, Berzelius’s name for the group Cy2S2, regarded as the radicle of persulphocyanic or xanthydric acid. Ibid., *Xantharin, or Xanthil, an oily fetid compound, C4H10O2, supposed by Couerbe … to be produced by the dry distillation of xanthic ether.
1843. Penny Cycl., XXVII. 614/2. When xanthate of potash is subjected to distillation a limpid yellow coloured fluid comes over, which Zeise has called *xantheic oil.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1049. *Xanthelene. Zeise gave this name to an oil … produced … by precipitating potassic ethylsulphocarbonate with a cupric salt.
1856. Gibbs & Genth, Res. Ammonia-cobalt Bases, in Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. (1857), IX. v. 48. The salts of *Xanthocobalt.
1863. Watts, Dict. Chem., I. 1054. *Xantho-cobaltic Salts.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Xanthocreatine.
1913. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 7), Xanthocreatin, xanthocreatinin.
1887. A. M. Brown, Anim. Alkaloids, 85. *Xanthocreatinine C5H10N4O … closely resembles kreatinine…. It shows in pellets of sulphur yellow, of slightly cadaveric odour.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1052. *Xanthoglobulin. This name was given by Scherer … to a substance which he obtained in yellow globules.
1880. J. W. Legg, Bile, 515. Hypoxanthin and xanthoglobulin were also found.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 501. Methyl-disulphocarbonic Acid (CH3) HCOS2. *Xanthomethylic Acid…. Methylic Disulphocarbonate, C3H5OS2…. Xanthomethylic Ether.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthophane, an orange-yellow pigment obtained from the retina.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1052. *Xanthophenic acid. A yellow colouring-matter,… produced … by heating phenol or cresol with arsenic acid…. The *xanthophenates dye silk and wool red, of various shades.
1852. W. Gregory, Handbk. Org. Chem., 301. *Zanthopicrine is a bitter crystalline substance from the bark of Zanthoxylum Clava Herculis.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1053. Xanthopicrin, Xanthopicrite. These names were given … to a yellow colouring-matter from the bark of Xanthoxylon caribæum, since shown … to be identical with berberine.
1838. T. Thomson, Chem. Org. Bodies, 710. *Xanthopicrite … was detected by Chevalier and Pelletan [1826], in the bark of the Xanthoxylon carybæum.… It has … a very bitter and astringent taste.
1847–9. Todd’s Cycl. Anat., IV. 164/1. The alkaline *xanthoproteates.
1843. T. Thomson, Chem. Anim. Bodies, 178. Xantho-proteic Acid. This name [Xantho-proteinsāure] has been given by Mulder [1838] to a yellow coloured acid, obtained first by Fourcroy, by treating fibrin or albumen with nitric acid.
1873. Ralfe, Phys. Chem., 130. Heated with strong nitric acid pepsin does not give the xantho-proteic reaction; hence it would appear that pepsin is not an albuminoid substance.
1904. Brit. Med. Jrnl., 10 Sept., 601. The normal gland extract gave a positive result with the xanthoproteic test.
1883. Ogilvie (Annandale), *Xanthoprotein, a yellow acid substance formed by the action of nitric acid upon fibrine.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthopsin, yellow pigment of the retina.
1901. Dorland, Med. Dict. (ed. 2), Xanthopsin, visual purple partially discolored or bleached by light; visual yellow.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthopuccine, name proposed by Lerchen (1878) for an alkaloid found in hydrastis.
1877. Watts, Fownes’ Chem., II. 588. Purpuroxanthin (or *Xanthopurpurin) … is formed from purpurin by reduction with stannous chloride in alkaline solution.
1843. Kane, in Lond, Edinb., & Dubl. Philos. Mag., July, 3. The dark coloured [Persian] berries … give out to boiling water an olive-yellow material, to which … I give the name of *xanthorhamnine.
1862. Watts, trans. Gmelin’s Hand-bk. Chem., XV. 533. Xanthotannic Acid. Obtained from elm-leaves reddened in the autumn.
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1054. *Xanthydric acid. Syn. with Persulphocyanic Acid [obtained as ‘a pale yellow crystalline powder,’ ibid. IV. 378].
2. In various compounds. Xantharsenite Min., a mineral allied to chondrarsenite, occurring in sulphur-yellow masses. Xanthocarpous a. Bot. (Gr. καρπός fruit], having yellow fruit. Xanthocomic a. (nonce-wd.) [Gr. κόμη hair], yellow-haired. Xanthocone, Xanthoconite Min. [G. xanthokon (Breithaupt, 1840), f. Gr. κόνις dust], an arseniosulphide of silver, of a dull red or brown color, yellow when pulverized. Xanthocyanopsy, Xanthocyanopy (-kyan-) Path. [Gr. κύανος blue + ὄψις, ὠπή sight], a form of color-blindness in which yellow and blue are the only colors discerned. ǁ Xanthoderma, -dermia Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. δέρμα skin], yellowness of the skin. Xanthodont, Xanthodontous adjs. Zool. [Gr. ὀδούς, ὀδοντ- tooth], having yellow teeth, as certain rodents. Xanthometer [-METER], an instrument for determining the color of sea- or lake-water by comparison with a scale of different-colored solutions. ǁ Xanthopathia, Xanthopathy Path. [Gr. -πάθεια -PATHY] = xanthoderma. ǁ Xanthopsia, Xanthopsy Path. [Gr. ὄψις appearance, sight], an affection of the eyes in which objects appear yellow; yellow vision. Xanthorthite Min., a yellow variety of orthite. Xanthosiderite Min. [Gr. σίδηρος iron], a native hydrated oxide of iron, occurring in needle-shaped or fibrous crystals, or as an ochre, of a yellow, brown, or reddish color. Xanthospermous a. Bot. [Gr. σπέρμα seed], having yellow seeds.
1892. Dana, Syst. Min., 796. *Xantharsenite…. Occurs with hausmannite,… in crystalline limestone.
1862. Mayne, Med. Vocab. (ed. 2), 436/1. *Xanthocarpous.
1861. Wynter, Soc. Bees, 497. Europe is the chief seat of the *xantho-comic or light-haired races.
1846. Worcester, *Xanthocon (citing Dana).
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1052. Xanthocone.… A silver-ore from the Himmelfürst mine, near Freiberg in Saxony.
1868. Dana, Min. (ed. 5), 108. *Xanthoconite.… Color dull-red to clove-brown; crystals orange-yellow on the edges by transmitted light.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Xanthocyanopsy.
1890. Billings, Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthokyanopy.
1867. W. J. E. Wilson, Diseases of Skin (ed. 6), 695. *Xanthoderma represents the yellow complexion of certain of the races of mankind.
1900. Lancet, 11 Aug., 414/1. The mucous membranes were not coloured and the urine … never showed a trace of bile pigment. This was in favour of the diagnosis of *xanthodermia.
1891. Cent. Dict., *Xanthodont.
1862. Mayne, Med. Vocab. (ed. 2), 436. *Xanthodontous.
1902. Westm. Gaz., 8 April, 8/3. When the Queen visited the Antarctic exploration ship Discovery she was particularly interested in Forel’s *xanthometer.
1867. W. J. E. Wilson, Diseases of Skin (ed. 6), 695. *Xanthopathia, or yellow discoloration of the skin, consists in the deposit in the cells of the rete mucosum of a yellow colouring principle.
1848. Dunglison, Med. Lex. (ed. 7), *Xanthopsia, yellow vision,—as sometimes occurs in jaundice.
1875. H. C. Wood, Therap. (1879), 603. A very curious symptom caused by zantonin … is xanthopsia.
1868. Dana, Min. (ed. 5), 287. *Xanthorthite, of Hermann,… is apparently an altered variety [of orthite].
1868. Watts, Dict. Chem., V. 1054. *Xanthosiderite. A hydrated ferric oxide.
1862. Mayne, Med. Vocab. (ed. 2), 436/2. *Xanthospermous.
