Wine sb.¹

Forms: 1–4 win, (2–3 uin), 3–6 wyn, 4–6 (7 Sc.) wyne (4 wyin, vyn, 4–5 wijn(e, 4, 6 Sc. vyne, 5 wynne, wyen(e, wyyn(e, wiyn, whyne, whyene, 6 Sc. wynn, vine), 4– wine. [OE. wín = OFris., OS., MLG., MDu. wîn (Du. wijn), OHG., MHG. wîn (G. wein), ON. vín (Sw., Da. vin), Goth. wein:—OTeut. *wīnom, a. L. vīnum, the source also of the Balto-Slavic (OSl. vino, Lith. vỹnas) and Celtic words (Ir. fín, W. gwîn).

  L. vīnum is primitively related to Gr. ϝοῖνος οἵνος wine, οἴνη vine, wine, Alb. vēne, Arm. gini, which according to some scholars are all derived from a common Mediterranean source, while according to others prim. Arm. *woiniyo (Arm. gini) is the immediate origin of the Gr., Lat. and Alb. words; the nature of the connection of the Indo-Eur. words with the Semitic (Arab., Ethiopic wain, Hebrew yayin, Assyrian înu) is disputed.]

  1.  The fermented juice of the grape used as a beverage.

  It is essentially a dilute solution of alcohol, on the proportion of which in its composition depend its stimulating and intoxicating properties. Wines are classed as red or white, dry or sweet, still or sparkling.

Beowulf, 1162. Byrelas sealdon win of wunderfatum.

805–31.  in Sweet, O. E. Texts, 444. Selle mon … mittan fulne huniʓes oðða tueʓen uuines.

971.  Blickl. Hom., 165. Ne drincþ he win ne ealu.

a. 1121.  O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.), an. 1012. Wæron hi eac swyðe druncene, forþam þær wæs ʓebroht win suðan.

a. 1175.  Cott. Hom., 229. He awende water to uine.

c. 1205.  Lay., 14299. Ane guldene bolle i-uulled mid wine.

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 180. How þat haly drightin Turned watur in to vyn. Ibid., 12679. He dranc neuer cisar ne wine, Ne wered neuer clath o line.

13[?].  Seuyn Sag. (W.), 211. Other ich am of wine dronke, Other the firmament is i-sonke.

c. 1350.  Will. Palerne, 3259. Þan asked þei þe win & went to bedde after.

c. 1380.  Wyclif, Wks. (1880), 13. Dilicious ale and spisid and heiȝe wynes.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Prol., 334. Wel loued he by the morwe a sope in wyn.

c. 1440.  Gesta Rom., xxi. 339. But man contrarious aunswereth, The wyne is over myghty, it is not good.

c. 1450.  Brut, II. 422. The cite faste did encrese of bredde and wyn, fisshe and flesshe.

1535.  Coverdale, Ps. ciii[i]. 15. Wyne to make glad y^e herte of man.

1577.  Googe, Heresbach’s Husb., 148. Old Cheese wyl become new in taste, yf you lay them in Time, Vineger, or in Wine.

1667.  Milton, P. L., I. 502. The Sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.

a. 1718.  Prior, Epitaph, 29. Their Beer was strong; Their Wine was Port.

1781.  Cowper, Conversat., 263. When wine has giv’n indecent language birth.

1837.  Dickens, Pickw., viii. ‘It wasn’t the wine,’ murmured Mr. Snodgrass,… ‘It was the salmon.’ (Somehow or other, it never is the wine, in these cases.)

  b.  As one of the elements in the Eucharist.

c. 1005.  in Wright, Biogr. Brit. Lit., A.-S. Period (1842), 498. Se Drihten … cwæþ ꝥ se hlaf wære his aʓen lichama, & ꝥ win wære witodlice his blod.

c. 1100.  Gloss., in Wr.-Wülcker, 128/22. Infertum uinum, messewin.

c. 1200.  Vices & Virtues, 51. Notieð ðat ȝe isieð bread and win wiðuten, and on ȝeure iþanke ilieueð ðat ȝe naht ne ȝesieð.

c. 1400.  26 Pol. Poems, xxiii. 37. So dede crist … By holy ordynaunce tauȝt vs to lere, Halwe bred and wyn.

a. 1450.  Myrc, Par. Pr., 251. In þe chalys ys but wyn & water.

1531.  Test. Ebor. (Surtees), VI. 23. He to fynde the brede and wyne.

1552, 1886.  [see BREAD sb. 2 d].

1567.  Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.), 17. His blude to drink, in forme of wyne.

1582.  N. Lichefield, trans. Castanheda’s Conq. E. Ind., I. xxxix. 92. They consecrate w^t leuened bread and with wine made of raisons.

1781.  Cowper, Expost., 377. The Saviour’s feast, his own blest bread and wine.

  c.  With qualifying word denoting color, place of origin, etc., as ALICANT wine, CLARET wine, PORT-WINE, red wine (RED a. 16), SHERRY wine, WHITE WINE, wine seck (SACK sb.³).

a. 1300.  Cursor M., 4678. Wines, quite and red.

c. 1430.  Two Cookery-bks., 35. Take Datys, an do a-way þe stonys, & sethe in swete Wyne.

1436.  Libel Eng. Policy, 53, in Pol. Poems (Rolls), II. 160. Wyne bastarde.

1623.  Markham, Engl. Housew., I. 148. The Wines of the hie countries, and which is called Hie-country wine, are made some thirtie or fortie miles beyond Burdeaux.

1632.  Lithgow, Trav., III. 78. Best Maluasy, Muscadine and Leaticke wines.

1746.  Francis, trans. Hor., Sat., II. viii. 12. The lees of Coan wine.

  d.  Regarded as the usual accompaniment of dessert; see also quot. 1843.

1824, 1833.  [see WALNUT¹ 1 b].

1843.  Lytton, Last Bar., I. vi. Madge appeared with the final refreshment called ‘the Wines,’ consisting of spiced hippocras and confections.

1859.  M. Thomson, Story of Cawnpore, ix. 151. In their wine-and-walnut arguments.

  e.  fig. or in fig. context.

c. 1300.  Cursor M., 21294. Þe stile o matheu, water it was, And win þe letter o lucas.

1526.  Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W., 1531), 154. Allegyng … the dignytees of theyr oyle & wyne of contemplacyon.

c. 1586.  C’tess Pembroke, Ps. CXIX. L. ii. I like a smoked bottle am become, And yet the wine of thy commandments hold.

1605.  Shaks., Macb., II. iii. 100. The Wine of Life is drawne, and the meere Lees Is left this Vault, to brag of.

1808.  Scott, Marm., I. Introd. 181. The wine of life is on the lees.

1823.  Byron, Island, I. iii. Unless he drain the wine of passion—rage.

1825.  Carlyle, in Froude, Life (1882), I. xvi. 271. Literature is the wine of life.

1865.  Kingsley, Herew., I. Prel. 19. Cheered by the keen wine of that dry and bracing frost.

1875.  Stevenson, Lett. (1899), I. 94. The look of his face was a wine to me.

  f.  Phrases.

  † to drink wine ape (cf. F. avoir vin de singe), to be merry in one’s cups. † Wine of height: ‘a former perquisite of seamen on getting safely through a particular navigation’ (Smyth, Sailor’s Word-bk.). Wine of honour (= F. vir d’honneur): wine presented by municipal officers to great personages on their entry into a town. In wine (see IN prep. 10 b; cf. F. dans le vin): in a state of intoxication with wine; in one’s cups. † To give wine: to draw blood (cf. CLARET sb.² 2). To take wine: to drink wine with another person in a ceremonial manner, esp. as a token of friendship or regard.

c. 1386.  Chaucer, Manciple’s Prol., 44. Me thynketh ye been wel yshape. I trowe that ye dronken han wyn Ape.

1518.  Sel. Pl. Star Chamb. (Selden), II. 134. He seyd vyolently on to hym I shall gyve the a quart of Wyne.

1594.  in Capt. J. Smith’s Virginia (Arb.), 633. The Pilots … demanded of the Captain their Wine of hight as out of all danger.

1600.  Shaks., A. Y. L., III. v. 73. I am falser then vowes made in wine.

1706.  Lond. Gaz., No. 4276/3. The Magistrates waited on his Grace … and presented him with what they call the Wine of Honour.

1742.  Richardson, Pamela, III. 190. I am not sure … whether I should not have Reason to wish you were brought home in Wine, rather than to come home so sober … as you do.

1837.  Dickens, Pickw., ii. ‘Glass of wine, sir?’ ‘With pleasure,’ said Mr. Pickwick; and the stranger took wine, first with him,… and then with the whole party together.

1856.  Emerson, Engl. Traits, Relig., Wks. (Bohn), II. 102. If a Bishop meets an intelligent gentleman, and reads fatal interrogations in his eyes, he has no resource but to take wine with him.

1904.  Sir A. Geikie, Scott. Remin., xi. 318. One still meets with old-fashioned gentlemen, especially at public dinners, who ‘take wine with you.’

  (b)  Proverbs and proverbial phrases.

  New wine in old bottles (see Matt. ix. 17). To look on the wine when it is red (see Prov. xxiii. 31). Good wine needs no (ivy)bush (see also BUSH sb.¹ 5 c, IVY-BUSH). When wine is in, wit (or truth) is out. Wine and women (Ecclus. xix. heading, A. V.).

1420–2.  Lydg., Thebes, 1732. Wyn and wymmen ben ek set a-syde.

a. 1532.  Rem. Love, xxxvii. Chaucer’s Wks. 367/1. Wyne and women in to apostasy Cause wyse men to fal.

1535.  Coverdale, Prov. xxiii. 31. Loke not thou vpon the wyne, how reed it is.

1546.  J. Heywood, Prov. (1867), 23. Ye praise the wyne, before ye tast of the grape.

1616.  T. Windham, Commend. Poem, in J. Lane, Contn. Sqr’s T., 7. The ivie needes not, wheare theare is good wine.

1616.  T. Draxe, Bibl. Scholast., 235. When the wine is in, the wit is out. He that is drunken, is not himselfe.

1621.  Burton, Anat. Mel., I. ii. III. xiii. 160. Those two maine plagues and common dotages of humane kind, Wine & Women.

1727.  Gay, Begg. Op., II. i. Women and Wine should Life employ.

1755.  B. Franklin, Poor Richard (1890), 241. When the Wine enters, out goes the Truth.

1819.  Byron, Juan, II. clxxviii. Let us have wine and women, mirth and laughter, Sermons and soda-water the day after.

1862.  Thackeray, Philip, vii. As Doctor Luther sang, Who loves not wine, woman, and song, He is a fool his whole life long.

  g.  In collocation with other words, as wine and water (hence wine-and-watery adj.), wine(s) and spirit(s) (also attrib.), cake and wine; see also d.

1819.  Byron, Juan, II. lvii. The same cause … Left him so drunk, he jump’d into the wave,… And so he found a wine-and-watery grave.

1828.  Wine & Spirit Adulterators Unmasked, 12. The spurious Brandy, which generally comprises the stock of the Advertising Wine and Spirit Merchant.

1843.  Penny Cycl., XXVII. 467/1. Wine and Spirit Trade.

1867.  H. Latham, Black & White, 111. Able to produce the cake and wine of hospitality.

  2.  In wider use, usually with qualifying word: A fermented liquor made from the juice of other fruits, or from grain, flowers, the sap of various trees (e.g., birch and palm), etc.: sometimes called made wine (MADE ppl. a. 3).

  The wine of the country (= F. le vin de pays): properly, the wine made in a particular locality for local consumption; usually transf. the alcoholic beverage most drunk in a particular country, or regarded as peculiar to it.

1398.  Trevisa, Barth. De P. R., XVII. clxxxvii. (Add. MS. 27944). Wyne ymade is ymade by crafte of good spicery & herbes. And it fareþ of þe wyn þat hatte Salinacum & of þe wyn þat hatte rosatum & Gariofilatum.

1542.  Boorde, Dyetary, x. (1870), 254. All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyse, the whiche is made of a bery.

1613.  [see PALM sb.¹ 7].

1694.  Worlidge, Two Treatises, 102. Peaches also and Apricocks, by some are made to yield pleasant Wines.

1710.  in Swift’s Lett. (1767), III. 29. I spent the evening with Wortley Mountague and Mr. Addison, over a bottle of Irish wine.

1712.  Addison, Spect., No. 328. That detestable Catalogue of counterfeit Wines, which derive their Names from the Fruits, Herbs or Trees of whose Juices they are chiefly compounded.

1746.  Warton, Progr. Discontent, 84. And tho’ she boasts no charms divine, Yet she can carve and make birch wine.

1750.  (title) Οινος Κριθινος, a Dissertation concerning the Origin and Antiquity of Barley Wine.

1803.  J. Burney, Discov. S. Sea, I. iii. 88. The wine of rice.

1842.  Loudon, Suburban Hort., 561. The gooseberry…. Wines and brandies are made from the green fruit.

1888.  Churchward, Blackbirding, 102. What they called the wine of the country—square gin.

  3.  Pharmacy. A solution of a medicinal substance (denoted by a qualifying word) in wine; a medicated wine.

1652, 1900.  [see STEEL sb.¹ 12].

1728.  Chambers, Cycl., II. s.v. Wine, Chalybeate, or Steel Wine, is prepared of steel filings.

1811.  A. T. Thomson, Lond. Disp. (1815), 655. The solutions thus formed have been denominated Medicated Wines. Ibid., 656. Wine of Ipecacuanha.

1866.  Aitken, Pract. Med., II. 51. The wine of the root of colchicum.

  4.  A wine-party, esp. of undergraduates.

1860.  W. W. Reade, Liberty Hall, I. viii. 130. When I go out to a wine I always bring my own straws.

1862.  Kingsley, Alton Locke, xiii. (new ed.), 123. The interval being taken up … in ‘wines,’ and an hour of billiards.

1885.  M. Pattison, Mem., 144. Oh the icy coldness, the dreary Egyptian blankness of that ‘wine.’

  5.  Spirit(s) of wine, alcohol, rectified spirit; oil of wine, œnanthic ester; also, a heavy oily liquid (heavy oil of wine) consisting of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate, called also ethereal oil. See also LOW-WINES.

[Cf. quot. 1626 s.v. ROSCID a.]

1646.  Sir T. Browne, Pseud. Ep., III. xxi. 161. An evaparation of spirits of wine and Camphir.

a. 1648.  Digby, Chym. Secr. (1682), 172. An excellent Spirit of Wine, fit to draw Tinctures.

1741.  Compl. Fam.-Piece, I. iv. 246. Pour on it a Pint of the ordinary Spirit of Wine, that of twelve-pence a Quart.

1807.  T. Thomson, Chem. (ed. 3), II. 411. A peculiar kind of oil known by the name of sweet oil of wine.

1839.  Ure, Dict. Arts, I. 43. Raymond Lully was acquainted with ‘spirits of wine,’ which he called aqua ardens.

1882.  Watts, Dict. Chem., II. 507. Heavy oil of wine, according to Liebig, an ethyl-sulphate of etherol.

  6.  pl. Short for: Wine-glasses.

1848.  Thackeray, Little Dinner at Timmins’s, iii. It was calculated that … a dozen or so tumblers, four or five dozen wines, eight water-bottles … were requisite.

  7.  attrib. and Comb. a. Simple attrib. (a) Of, made of or with, wine, as wine alcohol, -draff, -drast, -dregs, -harvest (also attrib.), -marc, -mother, -must, -offering, -posset, -sauce, † -shench (also attrib.), -sillabub, -stain.

c. 1000.  Ags. Ps. (Th.), ciii. 14 [civ. 15]. Heortan manna must and windrinc myclum blissað.

c. 1205.  Lay., 3529. Heo iward reode on hire benche, swilche hit were of wine scenche.

c. 1400.  Lanfranc’s Cirurg., 186. Þeron schulen be dissolued wijndrastis brent.

c. 1440.  Pallad. on Husb., III. 162. Wyndraf is good also commyxt with donge.

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 529/2. Wyne dreggys, or lye.

1580.  Hollyband, Treas. Fr. Tong, Grappage, grape-gathering, wyne haruest. Ibid., Vendangeur, a Wine-haruest man.

1597.  A. M., trans. Guillemeau’s Fr. Chirurg., 21 b/1. The wine mother or dregge.

1601.  Holland, Pliny, XXIII. i. II. 147. As many as have lien among wine-Marc.

1667.  Milton, P. L., XII. 21. With large Wine-offerings pour’d.

1701.  S. Sewall, Diary, 2 June (1879), II. 36. Treated them with bread, Beer, wine Sillibub.

1794–6.  E. Darwin, Zoon. (1801), IV. 424. He gradually takes more custard every day,… and takes wine syllabub.

1809–12.  Maria Edgeworth, Absentee, vi. The wine-sauce for the hare was spilt by their collision.

1818.  Dk. Sussex, in Lady Morgan, Autobiogr. (1859), 19. You did not expect me to have stayed for the wine-posset?

1838.  Dickens, O. Twist, xlviii. Wine-stains, fruit-stains, beer-stains.

1853.  Ure, Dict. Arts, I. 155. The fermentation of wine-must.

1857.  Miller, Elem. Chem., Org. (1862), i. § 2. 29. Wood spirit and fousel oil … are termed homologues of wine alcohol.

  (b)  Of, for or connected with the production, sale, storing or use of wine, as wine-barrel, -bin, -bottle, -bowl, -butt, -can, -cask, -country, -cup (also fig.), -decanter, -flask, -horn (OE.), -jar, -land, -merchant, -office, -pipe, -shop, -store, -tavern (hence † -taverner), -trade, -trough, -tun, -vessel.

c. 950.  Lindisf. Gosp., Matt. xxi. 33. Monn … seðe ʓesette ðone winʓeard … & dalf in ðær win-troʓ.

c. 1000.  Rule of Chrodegang, vi. Ʒif hwa on þam winlandum … win wylle forgan.

c. 1000.  in Thorpe, Anc. Laws (1840), II. 354. Ne he ne drince at wintunnum.

c. 1205.  Lay., 30677. He hafde on his uore wintunnen inoȝe.

13[?].  Sir Beues (A.), 2673. Sextene fot a was a lingþe; His bodi ase a wintonne.

1382.  Wyclif, Josh. ix. 4. Rent wyn botels. Ibid., Job xxxii. 19. Must … that breketh newe litle win vesselys.

1401.  Close Roll 2 Hen. IV., II. m. 10 dorso (P.R.O.). Thomas Nightgale wyntaverner.

c. 1449.  Pol. Poems (Rolls), II. 223. The Water-Bowge and the Wyne-Botelle.

1530.  Palsgr., lf. 178. I Broche a wyne vessell.

1535.  Coverdale, Hos. iii. 1. They … loue the wyne kannes.

1538.  Elyot, Oenopolium, a wyne tauerne.

1580.  Hollyband, Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn verdun, a wine troughe.

1597.  A. M., trans. Guillemeau’s Fr. Chirurg., 41 b/1. Ashes which are burned of the inveterate sydes of a wyne pipe.

1622.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Shilling, B 6. From thence vnto the Wine-Marchant I went.

1635.  Heywood, Philocoth., 46. Flagons, Tankards, Beere-cups, Wine-bowles.

1636.  P. Bulkeley, Gospel Covt., IV. 306. The heart … having beene as a Wine-vessell, which hath had no vent.

1684.  Invent., in Archaeol. Cambr., Orig. Doc. (1877), 9. In the Sellar … two wine casks.

1714.  Mandeville, Fab. Bees (1723), I. 81. That multitude of Wine-Merchants, Vintners, Coopers.

1736.  Gentl. Mag., VI. 340/1. Portugal, and other Wine-Countries.

1766.  Entick, London, IV. 351. The freemen … have the privilege of retailing wine without a licence from the Wine-office.

1780.  T. Davies, Mem. Garrick, ii. (1781), 16. He engaged for some time in the wine trade.

a. 1800.  Fair Annie, xxvii. in Child, Ballads (1885), III. 70/2. Has your wine barrels cast the girds?

1816.  Scott, Old Mort., xxxiv. Thou … hast partaken of the wine-cup of fury. Ibid. (1821), Kenilw., xviii. He … took another long pull at the wine flask.

1825.  Cobbett, Rur. Rides (1885), I. 345. The ’Squire had many wine-decanters.

1833.  Moore, Mem. (1853), I. 2. My father kept a small wine store in Johnson’s Court.

1837.  Carlyle, Fr. Rev., I. V. v. Fat are your larders; over-generous your wine-bins. Ibid., II. VI. viii. Wine-bottles were broken, wine-butts were stayed in and drunk.

1848.  Dickens, Dombey, lv. A troubled vision … of wine-shops, water-carriers, great crowds of people. Ibid. (1853), Bleak Ho., v. Pickle bottles, wine bottles, ink bottles.

1855.  Kingsley, Heroes, Argon., VI. 189. Heracles opened the fatal wine-jar.

1864.  Burton, Scot Abr., I. v. 319. Wine-barrels would burst if the bung were not sometimes opened to give them air.

1875.  Ure’s Dict. Arts, III. 1142. Hérault is the most important wine country in the south of France.

  (c)  With reference to the color of wine, as wine colo(u)r sb., and predicatively as adj., tint; wine-black, -bright, -colo(u)red, -red adjs., -yellow (after G. weingelb) adj., also as sb.; wine-tint vb.

1805.  T. Weaver, trans. Werner’s Ext. Charact. Fossils, 57. Wine-yellow is a pale reddish-yellow colour.

1831.  Brewster, Optics, xliii. 369. All achromatic telescopes … exhibit the secondary colours, viz. the wine-coloured and the green fringes.

1838.  T. Thomson, Chem. Org. Bodies, 402. The wine-red substance which remains in solution in the carbonate of ammonia.

1842.  Johnston, in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club, II. No. 10. 36. The foot of the snail is a wine-yellow.

1855.  Milman, Lat. Christ., XIV. x. VI. 606. In the East, the Christ is … of delicate complexion, dark beard (it is sometimes called wine-coloured beard).

1857.  Miller, Elem. Chem., Org. (1862), viii. 621. A wine-red amorphous precipitate.

1863.  T. W. Higginson, Army Life (1870), 57. He is jet-black, or rather, I should say, wine-black.

1876.  Swinburne, Erechtheus, 114. His wine-bright waves.

1876.  Encycl. Brit., IV. 644/2. Cairngorm,… a wine-yellow or brown variety of rock-crystal.

1893.  Daily News, 14 Feb., 2/3. Wine tints.

1895.  S. Crane, Red Badge, iii. A glaring fire wine-tinted the waters of the river.

1902.  R. W. Chambers, Maids of Paradise, xxii. 386. The twigs on the peach-trees had turned wine-color.

  b.  Objective, as wine-bottler, conner, † -crier, -lover, -maker, -seller, -spiller, † -sucker, † -supper, † -tapper, † -tunner, -vendor, -worshipper; wine-drinking, -producing, -selling, -swilling, -yielding, vbl. sbs. and ppl. adjs.; also wine-like adj.

c. 1000.  Ags. Gosp., Matt. xi. 19. Her ys ettul mann & windrincende.

a. 1100.  Aldhelm Gloss., I. 2652. (Napier, 72/1). Cauponibus, i. negotiatoribus, wintæpperum.

1382.  Wyclif, 2 Kings xxv. 12. Wyne makers, and erthtiliers.

1398.  Wyne drinkinge [see UNTEMPERATELY adv.].

14[?].  Nom., in Wr.-Wülcker, 697/20. Hic vinitor, a wynmaker.

c. 1483.  Caxton, Dialogues, 35/23. Frederik the wyn criar.

1535.  Coverdale, Joel i. 5. Mourne all ye wyne suppers, because of youre swete wyne.

1550.  Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880), II. 76. Wyne selling, or ony vther mercheandice.

1591.  Percivall, Sp. Dict., Vendimiador, a wine maker.

1598.  Stow, Surv., 192. The successors of those Uintners and wine Drawers … were all incorporated by the name of wine tunners, in the 15. of Henry the sixt.

1601.  Dolman, La Primaud. Fr. Acad., III. 329. A wine-like iuyce.

1604.  Meeting of Gallants at Ordinarie, C 1 b. This strange Wine-sucker.

1607.  G. Wilkins, Miseries Enforced Marr., III. D 4. Scrape-trencher,… Wine-spiller.

1611.  [see CONNER¹].

1639.  Junius, Sinne Stigmatiz’d, 313. These wine-worshippers will be at it on their knees.

1676.  Worlidge, Vinetum Brit., 41. Wine yielding-fruits.

1748.  Richardson, Clarissa, I. 267. My … aunt Hervey had … given us to apprehend much disagreeable evil … from a wine-lover.

1825.  Scott, Talism., xxi. Ye beef-devouring, wine-swilling English mastiffs.

1835.  Lytton, Rienzi, X. vii. An honest wine-vender.

1855.  Pusey, Doctr. Real Presence, Note S. 473. Some consecrated virgins pleaded for their wine-drinking that it was the element used in the Sacrament.

1875.  Ure’s Dict. Arts, III. 1136. The great wine-producing district of Burgundy.

1895.  Cornh. Mag., Nov., 506. As early as 1141 we hear of the wine criers … being an organised body in France.

1900.  J. Hutchinson, Archives Surg., XI. 206. A robust-looking man, by occupation a wine-bottler.

  c.  Instrumental, as wine-crowned, -drabbled, -driven, † -heat, -heated, -inspired, -shaken, -stuffed; also wine-hardy, -red, -wise adjs.

a. 1000.  Judith, 71. Weras winsade.

c. 1200.  Trin. Coll. Hom., 213. Idele lehtres and winrede bruwes [at drinche].

c. 1563.  Jack Juggler (facs.), C 4. Wine shakin pilorye peepours.

1598.  Sylvester, Du Bartas, II. ii. I. Ark, 137. His wine-stuft stomack wrung with wind he feels.

1611.  J. Davies, Commend. Poems, Wks. (Grosart), II. 15/1. Their wine-driv’n brains, involv’d in follie’s cloud.

1612.  Beaum. & Fl., Coxcomb, I. i. The Gentleman is Wine-wise.

1615.  Chapman, Odyss., III. 200. Their wine-heat bloud. Ibid., XVIII. 481. For feare can get no state In your wine-hardy stomacke.

1677.  Mrs. Behn, Rover, II. i. The Wine Inspir’d Bullies of the Town.

1835.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Parl. Sk. The playful exuberance of their wine-inspired fancies.

1852.  Thackeray, Esmond, I. Introd. Such a wine-drabbled divinity.

1859.  Tennyson, Geraint & Enid, 1200. Wine-heated from the feast.

1867.  Morris, Jason, V. 217. A wine-crowned golden cup.

  8.  Special combs.: wine apple [cf. G. weinapfel, Du. wijnappel], a large red apple with a winy flavor; † wine ball = wine-stone; † wine-belly a., with a belly full of wine; wine-biscuit, a small light biscuit served with wine; † wine-brewer (see quot.); † wine-bush = BUSH sb.¹ 5; wine-cake, a cake of which wine was an ingredient; wine-card [= G. weinkarte], a list of the wines that may be obtained at a restaurant; wine-cart, a cart in which wine is conveyed, esp. for sale; wine-cave, a cave in which wine is kept to mature; wine-cooler, a vessel in which bottles of wine can be immersed in ice or iced liquid; also fig.; wine-cooper = COOPER sb.¹ 2; wine-crust (see CRUST sb. 5 b); wine-dark a., of the color of deep-red wine; used esp. to render Gr. οἴνοψ as an epithet of the sea; † wine-drawer, (a) a carrier or seller of wine; (b) one who draws wine from the cask for customers; wine-farmer, a vine-grower; wine-fly, any fly (as of the genus Piophila), the larva of which lives in wine or other fermented liquor; wine-gallon, the standard gallon by which wine is measured (see quot. 1706); † wine garland, a tavern sign in the form of a garland or bush of ivy; † wine-gnat, app. = wine-fly; wine-god, a or the god of wine, esp. Bacchus, Dionysus; wine-grower, one who cultivates vines for the production of wine; so wine-growing vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; † wine-knight, one who drinks valiantly; wine label, a label hung round the neck of a decanter to indicate what wine it holds; † wine law [LAW sb.²; cf. LAWING sb.], payment for one’s share of wine; wine-measure, the standard of liquid measure used for wine; wine-palm, any palm from which palm-wine is obtained; wine-party, a party, esp. of undergraduates, the chief object of which is to drink wine; wine-piercer (see quot.); wine-pint, -quart (cf. wine-gallon); wine-porter, one whose business it is to carry wine, esp. to deposit it in cellars; wine-roping, the development of ropiness in wine; † wine-sack, a sack used for straining wine; wine-sap, a large red American winter apple; wine-shades (see SHADE sb. 10); wine-shed, the ‘shedding’ or pouring out of wine (a facetious formation after bloodshed); wine-skin, a wine-vessel made of an animal’s skin; fig. one who ‘fills his skin’ with wine, a tippler; wine-sop, † (a) a sop in wine; † (b) and (c) = SOPS-IN-WINE 1, 2; (d) winesop black, a salmon fly; winesour, a small acid variety of plum; wine-spirit, spirit of wine; † wine-sprung a., intoxicated; wine-stone, the deposit of crude tartar or argol found in wine-casks (cf. G. weinstein); wine-taster, (a) one who judges the quality of wine by tasting; (b) an instrument for drawing a small sample of wine from a cask; wine-vault(s, (a) a vault in which wine is stored (VAULT sb. 2 b); (b) a pretentious name for a public-house; wine-vinegar (cf. G. weinessig), vinegar made from wine, as opposed to malt vinegar; wine-wagon, (a) = wine-cart; (b) a carriage on which bottles of wine are brought into a room; wine-warrant, a warrant authorizing the delivery of wine from bond; † wine-washing a., ‘washing’ or swilling as wine; wine-whey, whey made by curdling milk with wine (see WHEY sb. 1 b).

1802.  G. V. Sampson, Statist. Surv. Londonderry, 438. *Wine-apple; from its dark red colour.

c. 1440.  Promp. Parv., 529/2. *Wyyne ballys…, pilaterie, vel pile tartaree.

1603.  Dekker & Chettle, Grissil, 2560. Dost thou not see our *wine-bellie drunkards reele?

1835.  C. F. Hoffman, Winter in West, II. 100. A tray of *wine-biscuits and a fragrant Ohio cheese.

1709.  Tatler, No. 131, ¶ 1. A … fraternity of chymical operators, who … can … draw Champagne from an Apple…. These adepts are known among one another by the name of *Wine-Brewers.

1638.  Brathwait, Barnabees Jrnl., D d viij. The Poets *wine-bush, which they use to prate on.

a. 1661.  Holyday, Juvenal (1673), 95. Why loose thy feast and *wine-cakes [orig. mustacea], when thy friends Half-cloy’d depart?

1837.  Wheelwright, trans. Aristophanes, I. 58. The wine-cake [οίνοῦτταν], honey, figs, whate’er ’tis right For Mercury to eat.

1851.  Mayne Reid, Scalp Hunters, ii. Whenever I took up a *wine-card or a pencil, these articles were snatched out of my fingers.

1837.  W. B. Adams, Carriages, i. 25. A *wine cart, or rather waggon.

1908.  Daily Chron., 20 March, 4/6. Wine-carts used to go round the streets of Edinburgh dispensing the ‘lairds’ drink’ to jug-customers.

1845.  G. Dodd, Brit. Manuf., 82. The *wine-caves of Epernay.

1815.  Scott, Guy M., xiii. Dominie, take the key of the *wine-cooler,… the gentleman will surely take something.

1828.  Lytton, Disowned, xl. Borodaile’s looks are the best wine coolers in the world.

1635.  Canterbury Marr. Licences, Ser. II. (1894), 1079/1. Edward Orlcocke of the city of London, *wine-cooper.

1765.  Tucker, Lt. Nat. (1834), II. 528. Brewing poisonous liquors in a wine-cooper’s vaults.

1837.  [see COOPER sb.¹ 2].

1872.  Symonds, Dante, 213. Mildew is now where the *wine-crust used to be.

1855.  Kingsley, Westw. Ho! vi. The *wine-dark depths of the crystal.

1865.  Miss Braddon, Sir Jasper’s T., xxvi. The … Marquise, in her wine-dark violet dress.

1879.  Butcher & Lang, Odyssey, 7. Sailing over the wine-dark sea.

1415.  York Myst., Introd. p. xxvi. *Wyndrawers.

1468.  Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.), 522. Of Reynold the wynedrawer vij. pipz.

1536.  Rem. Sedition, 18 b. If a tapster or a wyne drawer recken a peny or two more than his duetie.

1583.  Foxe, A. & M., 1690/2. He desired the wine drawer that he might haue a pinte of malmesy & a loafe.

1705.  trans. Bosman’s Guinea, ix. 120. The Commonalty, such as Wine-Drawers, Fishermen, and such like.

1792.  A. Young, Trav. France, I. 133. The greatest *wine-farmer in all Champagne.

1909.  Westm. Gaz., 16 Aug., 5/1. The very wine-farmers appear to have agreed to drop … their agitation for the repeal of the Excise.

1585.  Higins, Junius’ Nomencl., 73/1. Ephemera,… a day flie, liuing not aboue a dayes space, or *wineflies.

1658.  Rowland, trans. Moufet’s Theat. Ins., 949. The Fly Bibio … called … in the English, Wine Fly.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., s.v. Wine, Wine-Fly,… a small black fly, found in empty Wine-casks, and about Wine-lees.

1657.  Partridge, Double Scale Prop. (1671), 68. So many *Wine-gallons are in that vessel.

1706.  Act 6 Anne, c. 27 § 22. Any round Vessel … having an even Bottom and being Seven Inches Diameter throughout and Six Inches deep from the Top of the Inside to the bottom or any Vessel containing Two hundred thirty one cubical Inches and no more shall be deemed … to be a lawful Wine Gallon.

1533.  More, Answ. Poysoned Bk., Wks. 1138/1. Likening them to *wine garlandes and ale poles.

1668.  Charleton, Onomast., 43. Vinacei (quia ex vini fæcibus gigni creduntur) *Wine-gnats.

1634.  Sir T. Herbert, Trav., 31. Agray, a City first built by *Wine-god Bacchus.

1640.  J. Gower, Ovid’s Festiv., III. 759. The Wine-God laughs.

1891.  Meredith, One of our Conq., iv. (1892), 27. You shall not take the Winegod on board to entertain him as a simple passenger.

1859.  Habits of Gd. Society, xi. 311. A famous *wine-grower at Epernay.

1846.  Keightley, Notes Virg., Georg., II. 89. The different kinds now cultivated in *wine-growing countries.

1601.  Holland, Pliny, XXI. xx. I. 105. Our *wine-knights [Fr. yurongnes] when they purpose to sit square at the taverne and carouse lustily, if they drinke Saffron, never feare surfeit.

1848.  H. R. Foster, Stowe Catal., 113. Seven *wine-labels.

c. 1488.  Cely Papers (Camden), 173. For your *wyene lawgh at tabull iiij^s iiij^d.

1728–51.  Chambers, Cycl., s.v. Measure, That eight pounds troy of wheat, gathered from the middle of the ear, and well dried, should weigh a gallon of *wine measure.

1771.  Encycl. Brit. (1773), I. 313/2. 80 English quarts, wine measure.

1681.  Grew, Musæum, II. I. i. 184. The Country-People tap the *Wine-Palm about two feet above the ground.

1870.  Kingsley, At Last, v. Leaves (as in the wine-palm) like Venus’s hair fern.

1829.  Gownsman, 10 Dec., 37. *Wine party, a meeting of individuals of an unlimited number, for the purpose of conversation, in which the topics are invariably the same, viz. the ladies, wine, proctors, and examinations.

1861.  Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxf., iv. An Oxford undergraduate’s room, set out for a wine-party.

c. 1828.  Berry, Encycl. Her., I. Gloss., *Wine-Piercer, an instrument to tap, or bore, holes in wine-casks.

1769.  Phil. Trans., LIX. 220. One drop of tincture of galls gave a rosy purple colour to a *wine-pint of this water.

1580.  Hollyband, Treas. Fr. Tong, Avallage, *wine porters wages when they do lay wine into the seller.

1622.  J. Taylor (Water P.), Shilling, B 4 b. When in the Celler it is laid, The Carmen, and Wine-Porters must be paid.

1669.  E. Chamberlayne, Pres. St. Eng., 261. [In the Royal Household] Wine-Porters, 8.

1831.  Lincoln Herald, 1 July, 1/6. Mr. Hunt presented a petition from the wine-porters of Dublin, praying for the repeal of the union.

1660.  Boyle, New Exp. Phys. Mech., Proem 9. 30 *Wine Quarts, each of them containing near two pound … of water.

c. 1791.  Encycl. Brit. (1797), VII. 684/1. A Paris pint is 48 cubical Paris inches, and is nearly equal to an English wine-quart.

1704.  Dict. Rust. (1726), *Wine-Roping: To alter this take a coarse Linen-Cloth [etc.].

1625.  T. Godwin, Moses & Aaron, I. vii. 38. The *Winesacke, through which wine is so drained from the dregges.

1826.  Lond. Hort. Soc. Catal. Fruits, 151. [Apples] *Wine-Sap, American.

1892.  Amélie Rives, Barbara Dering, xxv. Great crackling bites from a crisp, wine-sap apple.

1879.  T. H. S. Escott, England, I. 161. *Wine-shades, bodegas, and saloons.

1771.  Smollett, Humphry Cl., II. 8 Aug. She is become a toast…, and has already been the occasion of much *wine shed.

1812.  Byron, Harold, II. xii. note. We had such ink-shed, and wine-shed, which almost ended in bloodshed!

1821.  Scott, Kenilw., xxix. This fellow can appear before him drunk as a *wineskin, and yet meet no rebuke. Ibid. (1825), Talism., xi. You have been dining, with the Teutonic wineskin.

1828.  Lytton, Pelham, xlviii. That persons who have been converting their ‘solid flesh’ into wine skins, cannot stick so close to one another as when they are sober.

1881.  N. T. (R.V.), Mark ii. 22. No man putteth new wine into old wine-skins.

14[?].  Nom., in Wr.-Wülcker, 742/5. Hec vipa, a *wynsope.

1582.  Stanyhurst, Æneis, III. (Arb.), 91. With chuffe chaffe wynesops lyke a gourd bourrachoe replennisht.

1586.  W. Webbe, English Poetrie, I iv. Let vs haue the Wynesops, With the Cornation.

1826.  Lond. Hort. Soc. Catal. Fruits, 151. [Apples] Wine-Sop, Winter.

1880.  F. Francis, Bk. Angling, xii. (ed. 5), 450. The Winesop Black.—Mr. Ramsbottom says this is ‘a real old Ribble favourite.’

1836.  Loudon, Encycl. Plants, 423. Several sorts of plums found wild,… such as the bullace, damson, muscle, and *winesour.

1846.  Mrs. Gore, Engl. Char., I. 320. Compôtes of wine-sours.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., s.v. Wine, The phrase *Wine-spirit is used to express a very clean and fine spirit, of the ordinary proof strength, and made in England from Wines of foreign growth.

1909.  Daily Chron., 25 March, 3/3. Pure wine spirit brandies.

1633.  G. Herbert, Temple, Ch. Porch, vii. Shall I, to please anothers *wine-sprung minde, Lose all mine own?

1658.  Gurnall, Chr. in Arm., verse 14. x. § 2. 113. Who when he is wine-sprung thinks (as they say he can skip over the Moone).

1526.  Great Herbal (1529), Table, Tartarus, wyne lyes or *wyne stone.

1839.  Ure, Dict. Arts, 1305.

1632.  Sherwood, A *Winetaster, or Wine-broker (for Marchants).

1679.  E. Chamberlayne, Pres. St. Eng., II. (ed. 12), 238. Mr. Henry Potkins, Wine-Taster.

1825.  Macaulay, Ess., Milton, ¶ 19. Johnson … was as ill qualified to judge between two Latin styles as a habitual drunkard to set up for a wine-taster.

1858.  Lardner, Hand-bk. Nat. Phil., 193. Wine taster.—When it is desired to draw a small sample of wine from a cask, a little instrument … is used [etc.].

1835.  Dickens, Sk. Boz, Making a Night of it. They went into a *wine-vaults, to get materials for assisting them in making a night.

1893.  Hodges, Elem. Photogr. (1907), 148. A wine-vault in the City.

a. 1617.  Bayne, Lect. (1634), 300. Toasts sowred in *wine vineger.

1753.  Chambers’ Cycl., Suppl., s.v. Vinegar, Infuse this powder in the strongest wine-Vinegar.

1839.  Ure, Dict. Arts, 3. Genuine wine or raisin vinegar.

1837.  *Wine waggon [see wine-cart].

1848.  H. R. Forster, Stowe Catal., 112. A pair of double wine-wagons.

1906.  A. Balfour, in Blackw. Mag., Nov., 660/2. We rattle past a wine-waggon with eight straining horses dragging at the traces.

1857.  Trollope, Barchester T., xix. With *wine-warrants and orders for dozens of dressing-cases.

1592–6.  Greene, Groat’s W. Wit, Wks. (Grosart), XII. 136. These honest men … whose wisedome … gaue light to the Iury what power *wine-washing poyson had.

1603.  H. Crosse, Vertues Commw. (1878), 141. This wine-washing licour giueth such … libertie to the tongue, as it rowleth vp and downe.

  ¶  In OE. there are several compounds of wín in which the word is equivalent to ‘vine’ or ‘grapes,’ as wínbéam vine-pole, wínclyster bunch of grapes, wínléaf vine-leaf, wínʓeard vineyard, WINYARD. From the 14th century onwards instances of wine ‘vine’ occur in various texts in which w is not normally written for v (as in Scottish texts: see VINE sb. 1 b β).

1340–70.  Alex. & Dind., 847. Ȝe telle vs þat ȝe tende nauht to tulye þe erþe,… no plaunte winus.

a. 1400–50.  Wars Alex., 3667. Gilden wynes with grapis of gracious stanes.

1456.  Sir G. Haye, Law Arms (S.T.S.), 114. Knychtis ar nouthir ordanyt to labour cornis, na grouve the wynis. Ibid. A knycht aw nocht to by … wynis, croftis, na heretagis.

1471.  Caxton, Recuyell (Sommer), 308. In suche wise as the yonge wyne … groweth in heighte.

1632.  Lithgow, Trav., I. 14. Round about Rome, there are neither Cornes, nor Wines, nor Village.

  b.  attrib. and Comb. (a) wine-man, a vine-dresser; (b) in reproduction of Ger. compounds, in Coverdale’s version of the Bible, rendering Luther’s language, as wine-garden, -gardener, gathering, harvest, kernel, stock, after G. weingarten, -gärtner, -ernte, -kern, -stock; (c) in mod. use, wineberg, wine-hill, after G. weinberg, -hügel vineyard.

1456.  Sir G. Haye, Law Arms (S.T.S.), 239. Labouraris of the erde, as plewmen, harow men, wyne men.

c. 1483.  Caxton, Dialogues, 46/37. Ysaac le vigneron, Ysaac the wyneman.

1535.  Coverdale, Num. vi. 4. From the wyne cornels vnto the hulle. Ibid., 2 Chron. xxvi. 10. He had, wynegardeners on the mountaynes. Ibid., Isa. xxiv. 13. Like as when a man … seketh after grapes, when the wyne gatheringe is out. Ibid., Ezek. xv. 2. What commeth of the vyne amonge all other trees? and of the wyne stocke, amonge all other tymbre of the groaue?

1870.  Daily News, 7 Dec., 6/3. The Tirailleurs … scrambled up through the winebergs.

1885.  trans. Hehn’s Wand. Plants & Anim., 70. The Calydonian legend of the wine-man [orig. Weinmann] as given by Homer.

1906.  Ford Madox Hueffer, in Academy, 6 Jan., 14/1.