v. [a. Fr. accompagne-r f. à prep. to + compagne COMPANION.] To make any one, to make oneself, become or act as a companion.
I. To accompany one thing to or with another.
† 1. To accompany (a person or thing) to (another): to add as companion; to associate; to add or conjoin to. Obs.
1483. Caxton, Gold. Leg., 174/1. As many as ye can conuerte to your feythe … ye shal haue lycence to baptyse them and to accompanye them to your lawe.
1553–87. Foxe, A. & M. (1596), 127/2. The King againe gathered his men … & with fresh souldiours to them accompanied, met the Danes.
2. To accompany (a person [obs.] or thing) with (another): to send it with (or give it) the accompaniment or addition of; to supplement it by; to join to it. (Rare and less correct const. by.)
1629. Howell, Fam. Lett. (1650), 163. I thought it a good correspondence with you to accompagne it with what follows.
1655. Ld. Burghley, in Fuller’s Ch. Hist., IX. 167. I have thought good to accompany him with these my letters.
1810. W. Taylor, in Robberds, Mem., II. 285. Accompanying my letter by a copy of the ‘Tales of Yore.’
Mod. He accompanied the word with a blow.
† 3. refl. To associate or unite oneself with. Obs.
1477. Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 119. Accompanye the with good peple and thou shalt be one of them.
1650. Sir A. Weldon, Crt. & Char. K. James, 62. And did accompany himselfe with none but men … by whom he might be bettered.
† II. To accompany (sc. oneself) with others. Obs.
† 4. intr. (by omission of refl. pron.) To accompany with: to associate, consort, or keep company with; euphem. to cohabit with. Obs.
1534. Ld. Berners, Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546), G ij b. Suche as accompanyeth with man-killers and murtherers.
1577. Test. of 12 Patr. When Anan was marriageable, I gaue Thamar unto him, & he likewise of a spite accompanied not with her.
1676. Clarendon, Surv. Leviath., 257. Those men who had accompanied with them all the time.
1760. T. Hutchinson, Hist. Col. Mass. Bay (1765), v. 461. A young woman was not less esteemed for having accompanied with a man.
† 5. absol. To associate in a company; to congregate; to meet, to unite or combine. Obs.
1540. Whitinton, Tully’s Off., I. 70. Swarmes of bees do accompany … for as moch as they be companable by nature.
1577. Hellowes, trans. Gueuara’s Fam. Ep., 27. Noblenesse and contention did neuer accompanie in one generous personage.
III. trans. (from 4, by omission of with.) To accompany persons or things.
† 6. To remain or stay with; to keep company with; euphem. to cohabit with. Obs.
c. 1500. Remedie of Loue, in Speght’s Chaucer (1602), 308 b/1. If she sit idle … not accompanide … with maidens I meane, or women.
1580. Sidney, Arcadia (1622), 195. Shee vsed no harder wordes to her, then to bid her go home, and accompanie her solitarie father.
1660. R. Coke, Power & Subj., 161. We teach, that upon Festival and Fasting times every man forbear to accompany his wife.
† 7. fig. To tenant or fill (a place) with company. Obs. rare.
1631. Celestina, XXI. 201. What hast thou done with my daughter? where hast thou bestow’d her? who shall accompany my disaccompanied habitation?
8. To go in company with, to go along with; to convoy; to escort (for safety), to attend (as a retinue). (The passive formerly took with, now by.)
c. 1460. Fortescue, Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714), 48. Which Ambassatours … schal nede to be honorably accompanyd.
1494. Fabyan, I. ii. 8. Accompanyed with a great Nombre of Troyans … [he] landed in the countre of Italye.
1588. Shaks., Tit. A., I. i. 333. Panthean Lords, accompany Your Noble Emperour and his louely Bride.
1659. Rushworth, Hist. Collect., I. 76. The Marquiss went privately accompanied with the Earl of Bristol.
1722. De Foe, Hist. Plague, 43. That no neighbours nor friends be suffered to accompany the corpse to church.
1801. Strutt, Sports & Past., I. i. 11. The ladies often accompanied the gentlemen in hunting parties.
1876. Freeman, Norm. Conq., III. x. 462. The Earl went as a pilgrim, accompanied by his wife.
b. fig. Of things personified or viewed as companions.
1477. Earl Rivers (Caxton), Dictes, 91. Couetise hath accompaigned them from their childehode.
a. 1541. Wyatt, Complaint (1831), 161. So shall mine eyes in pain accompany my heart.
1611. Bible, Heb. vi. 9. Wee are perswaded better things of you, and things that accompany saluation.
1645. Fuller, Good Thoughts (1841), 23. Lord, I read how Jacob (then only accompanied with his staff) vowed at Bethel, that … he would make that place thy house.
1856. Mill, Logic (1869), I. v. § 4. 109. One attribute always accompanies another attribute.
1875. Hamerton, Intell. Life, I. iii. 14. His adviser prescribed a well-cooked little déjeuner à la fourchette, accompanied by half a bottle of sound Bordeaux.
9. To go along with, or characterize, as an attribute or attendant phenomenon. (The passive still takes with, but by is sometimes found.)
1731. Swift, Pref. to Sir W. Temple’s Wks., I. 254. To prevent him from finding them in other Places very faulty, and perhaps accompanied with many spurious Additions.
1751. Jortin, Serm. (1771), I. IV. 62. Their faith was accompanied with greater degrees of fervour.
1794. Sullivan, View Nat., I. 179. The sparkling flame and vivid heat which accompany the rapid combustion produced by that air [oxygen].
1869. Phillips, Vesuvius, iv. 112. The ejections of scoriæ were accompanied by bellowings.
1878. Gladstone, Prim. Homer, 148. The wisdom of Nestor is amusingly accompanied with self-complacent reflection.
10. Music. To join a singer or player, by singing or playing on any instrument an additional part or parts. (The player is said also to accompany the singing or piece sung, as well as the singer; and to accompany, with music, on the instrument.)
1583. Golding, Calvin’s Deut. xliii. 255. A gratious and pleasaunt melody wherein wee be accompanied with the Angels of heauen.
c. 1680. Sir T. Browne, Tracts, 124. This hymn accompanied with instrumental musick.
1753. Richardson, Grandison (1781), VI. liv. 351. After breakfast, Lucy gave us a lesson on the harpsichord. Sir Charles accompanied her finger, at the desire of the company.
1845. E. Holmes, Mozart, 26. A lady asked him if he could accompany by ear an Italian cavatina…. Now he not only played the melody with the right hand, but accompanied it with the bass without the least embarrassment.
1869. Ouseley, Counterpoint, xx. 162. The counter-subject is a supplementary melody, intended to accompany the subject and answer.
¶ The preposition used after the passive accompanied is still somewhat unsettled. As in passives generally, it was formerly with; but by is now always said of personal agents, and, it appears, of things personified or viewed as active agents: ‘He was accompanied by two policemen,’ ‘a ship accompanied by several native junks.’ When accompany is used causally, with introduces the secondary agent or instrument, as ‘he accompanied the word with a blow’; and this is of course retained in the passive, ‘the word was accompanied with a blow (by him).’ Hence with is used in the passive whenever the agency may be looked upon as merely secondary, or as an accompaniment rather than a companion, even though no primary agent is expressed, ‘The operation was accompanied with much pain.’ Cf. associated, combined with; attended with pain, by satellites; followed by unpleasant symptoms.
